Visible Light Communication (VLC) has emerged as a powerful technique for wireless communication systems. Providing high data rate and increasing capacity are the major problems in VLC. Recent evidence suggests that Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technique can offers improved data rates and increased link range. This paper describes the design and implementation of visible light communication system in indoor environment exploring the benefits of MIMO. The specific objective of this research was to implement a 4× 4 Multiple Input (LEDs) Multiple Output (photodetectors)-VLC communication system, where a 16 white power LEDs in four arrays are setting up at transmitter and four RX modules are setting up at receiver side without the need for additional power or bandwidth as well as analyze a mathematical model for a VLC-× 4 MIMO with different modes such as the suitable angles to cover the entire room. The research designs practically an electronic circuit for the transmitter and receiver with inexpensive components. The power distribution of different propagation modes is calculated for Single Input Single Output (SISO) and MIMO channels in typical room dimensions. The results in this paper indicate that the power is distributed uniformly for entire room when implemented VLC-MIMO as compared to VLC-SISO. Furthermore, a 4× 4 MIMO implementing VLC is compared in term of BER vs. SINR with SISO communication system for both Line of Sight (LOS) and Non Line of Sight (NLOS) propagation modes. Comparing the two results of LOS and NLOS, it can be seen that a 4× 4 MIMO implementing VLC for LOS perform better …
A new spontaneous mutation (dh) is described for Culex quinquefasciatus Say. This
phenotype was observed in the second generation to cause complete coloration of the head
capsule and the siphon of the larvae. This character is mainly detectable in the larval stage
and slightly in the adult stage.
The reciprocal mass matting between mutants from F2 generation and normal wild type
sibs, revealed that the mode of inheritance can be controlled by an autosomal recessive
gene(s). This happened for both sexes with slightly variability in their expression. No
significant larval mortalities were found in all crosses.
Alteration of repeat tract length within the SSR of phase variable genes may enhance the persistence of isolates within their host for a long time (a period of months) (Alamro et al.,2014). Alamro et al. (2014) showed there was trend towards selection for OFF state or low expression for five phase variable genes (opc, hmbr, nadA, nalP, hpuAB) in three carriers (V54, V124 and V64) within strains belonging into CC174 and CC167 in first, second and third time points. He concluded that the selection for low or OFF state helped N. meningitidis to persist for a long time (Alamro et al., 2014). The current study aimed to detect the alteration in the repeat tracts of the same five variable genes within the previous three carriers (V54, V124, and V6
... Show MoreThe main problem established by a discovery of a thyroid nodule is to discriminate between a benign and malignant lesion. Differential diagnosis between follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) and benign follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) is a great challenge for even an experienced pathologist and requires special effort. A developing number of some encouraging IHC markers for the differential diagnosis of thyroid lesions have emerged, including, Hector Battifora mesothelial (HBME-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3). There was significant positive correlation between Galectin-3 and HBME-1 in follicular carcinoma and follicular variant of papillary carcinoma (r= 0.380, P= 0.041) and (r= 0.315, P=0.047) respectively. There was no significant correlation between
... Show MoreThe objective of this study is to enable the role of modern and advanced computerized information systems. The model or mechanism should be developed by collecting the necessary information about the taxpayers and the sources of the taxpayers' income, on the basis of which the accuracy of the inventory process will be adopted. In addition to studies related to computerized information systems and showing their importance to the tax institution. To achieve the objectives of the study and to answer its questions, the researcher relied on collecting data and information on the subject on the literature and previous studies The secondary sources, which also formed the theoretical framework of the study, were obtained either as a practical fr
... Show MoreBackground: osteoporosis is characterized by a reduction in bone mineral density, skeletal microstructure breakdown, increased bone fragility, and fracture susceptibility. Osteopenia is the preceding step to osteoporosis because it causes a decrease in bone mass, osteoporosis reduces a person's quality of life. Periostin (encoded by Postn), its name is derived from the fact that it was first detected in periosteal osteocytes and osteoblasts. Periostin deficiency has been linked to osteoporosis and weak bones. Study objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine periostin levels in serum of Iraqi patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia, and it is also possible to consider periostin as a diagnostic factor to follow the progression o
... Show MoreNaber and toning in the modern Arab poetry Mahmoud Darwish, a model
When we talk about the foresight in films, it is necessary to talk about dreams because foresight represents one of its distinct types. The Precognitive vision has become a possible material in dealing with as subjects in the film industry that adopt these ideas with their philosophical and scientific orientations, because they represent the imagination that predictors are specialized with. It can be invested through the introduction of a vision of another kind to achieve its goals and ambitions in the film industry and in particular the huge institutions of production as in Hollywood. The cinema works in the light of those concepts of production which found the prognostic dream (the foresight) as a distinctive genre in its films,
Th
Air pollution from various sources is one of the most serious environmental problems, especially after pollutants are deposited on the surface of the soil and leaves of the plants and then transferred to the rest of the plant and entering food chains. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of air pollution on different biochemical parameters in Eucalyptus sp. and calculation the Air Pollution Tolerance Index. The selected plant leaves were collected from five sites, four of them within the city of Baghdad, namely Al-Jadriya, Al-Andlous, Al-Doura and close to the private generators to represent the urban areas and Abu Ghraib site to represent the rural area. The leaves were taken on a seasonal basis for the period from Octo
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