تعد ضغوط التعلم من المتغيرات المهمة في العملية التعليمية، وهي من أكثر المشكلات شيوعاً بين الطلبة في الجامعات والمراحل التعليمية الأخرى، وترتكز ضغوط التعلم على فكرة شعور الطلبة بالضغط أثناء الدراسة، وشعورهم بالتعب من الدراسة، ونفورهم وخوفهم وجمودهم عن إنجاز المهام الموكلة إليهم، وكلما طالت مدة التعرض لضغوط التعلم دون محاولة مواجهة أسبابها، كلما ظهرت تغيرات أكثر في الحالة النفسية والفسيولوجية للشخص. وقد جا

A school uniform is an international educational phenomenon , and that each
state through its pedagogical educational system imposes uniform hopping for goals
and visions that complement their theoretical framework, because of its extreme
importance that benefits the school administration, parents and pupils . The carried
out researches unanimous in various parts of the world on its importance,
including : the achievement of equality between students and strengthen their
affiliation to the school as well as the good appearance , and reduces competition in
the clothing and the maintenance of order in the classroom and school as well as
increases the seriousness and focus of students to study and make them known bot

The research aims to measure short-term memory capacity for the kindergarten children, the researcher has prepared measure short-term memory capacity test for (4-6  years) Consists of two parts, Auditory memory, consisting of (4) items And visual memory, consisting of (5) items. Selected sample (340) children from for the kindergarten children.

     To verify the skills validity adopted the skills, Researcher used indicators which are logical  validity , Through the items  experts' examining logically. and construction validity through som of the indicators which are the discriminatory power of the items.    In order to prospect the constancy the research

Abstract

The current research aims to identify the negotiation behavior of administrative teachers, as well as to identify the significance of the differences in negotiation behavior according to the variables (gender, scientific title, length of service). After confirming the psychometric characteristics of (20) items, the researchers applied the scale to (400) male and female administrative teaching staff who were randomly selected from the University of Baghdad for the academic year 2021/2022. The results showed the following the research sample has a negotiating behavior. There are no statistically significant differences between gender, scientific title, and length of service in the means of negotiating beha

The social support is considered one of the most important constituents of
society and the one which can ensure its unity.
The resources of social support are different accordind to the variety and
the multiplication of the net – work of the social relationships that are
established among the individuals. The importance of this variable is evident
in the emolional adaptation and the mental health as well as its role in mitigating of the illness threating and in accelerating the recovery. social support can enhance the individuals ability to tolerate and face the emotional
and physical problems in the time of cris and stressful life conditions.
The most important results are shown as follows :
1- It was

            Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systematic autoimmune disorder with chronic inflammation changes of unknown etiology. Various synovial inflammatory and proliferative alterations may contribute to the cartilaginous tissues and invasive bony tissues, leading to destructive joints and malformed bones. This disease is mostly due to infective microorganisms or genetic susceptibility causing immune system disturbances through triggering both T-cells and B-cells. Furthermore, different immune cells may secret cytokines, which are responsible for some RA pathogenesis activity. From ninety individuals, serum sample was collected; thirty of them were normal and sixty cases were patients with RA attended a privet medical clin

Sarcasm is conceders one patterns of undesirable communication, which causes social problems in humans relationships because of the contradictory verbal and nonverbal expressions is known sarcasm may defined , statements with intent to belittle others in different situations, dealing with the individual deliberately, to diminish the will or overwhelmed by the recipe stupid, which generate a reaction when a person listener, raising the intentions of ridicule and undermine it, and this may happen is different from the irony interest increased in sarcasm since the development of scientists "Watzlawick '" and Bevin "Jackson's" in 1967 theory interactive and considered the sarcasm one interaction patterns in the social relationship, which use

The present research aims at identifying the educational problems and psychological problems of distinguished students at the intermediate level. The research sample consists of (246) students who are randomly selected from four distinguished schools (2) in the Karkh\1 and (2) in the Rusafa\2.

The researcher has constructed two scales for measuring the educational and psychological problems. She ensures the psychometric characteristics of the two scales. Alph-Cronbach and test-retest methodsare used to ensure reliability. Some statistical treatments are used to find out the aims of research. These treatments include the one-sample T-test, two independent samples T-test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient. The results show th

Current research aimed at measurement of management of emotional among counselors and  knowledge of emotions management according to the variables of sex and length of service with counselors.

The Scale applied to a sample of basic research, amounting to (300) counselors.

1- That counselors have administration emotional.

2- There are no differences in the management of emotional statistically significant according to the variable (gender).

3- statistically significant differences according to the variable (length of service) in the management

The aim of this paper is to determine the effect of nostalgia marketing on consumers’ purchase intention and demographic factors. Nostalgia marketing is one of the marketing ideas that some organizations use it to attract customers by evoking memories or heritage in their minds. This method would affect the emotions and feelings of people, which may raise their desire to buy. The questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection, and it was distributed to a random sample of 512 individuals. A sample is a group of individuals who have seen small sculptures displayed in shops inside Babylon Mall in Baghdad. The small sculptures show the life of Baghdadis in the fifties and sixties of the last century. Statistical software was used for