General Background: Deep image matting is a fundamental task in computer vision, enabling precise foreground extraction from complex backgrounds, with applications in augmented reality, computer graphics, and video processing. Specific Background: Despite advancements in deep learning-based methods, preserving fine details such as hair and transparency remains a challenge. Knowledge Gap: Existing approaches struggle with accuracy and efficiency, necessitating novel techniques to enhance matting precision. Aims: This study integrates deep learning with fusion techniques to improve alpha matte estimation, proposing a lightweight U-Net model incorporating color-space fusion and preprocessing. Results: Experiments using the AdobeComposition-1k

The convolutional neural networks (CNN) are among the most utilized neural networks in various applications, including deep learning. In recent years, the continuing extension of CNN into increasingly complicated domains has made its training process more difficult. Thus, researchers adopted optimized hybrid algorithms to address this problem. In this work, a novel chaotic black hole algorithm-based approach was created for the training of CNN to optimize its performance via avoidance of entrapment in the local minima. The logistic chaotic map was used to initialize the population instead of using the uniform distribution. The proposed training algorithm was developed based on a specific benchmark problem for optical character recog

Maintenance of  hospital buildings and its management are regarded as an important subject which needs attention because hospital buildings are service institutions which are very important to a society, requiring the search for the best procedure to develop maintenance in hospitals. The research is aimed to determine an equation to estimate the annual maintenance cost for public hospital. To achieve this aim, Al-Sader City Hospital maintenance system in Al-Najaf province has been studied with its main elements through survey of data, records and reports relating to maintenance during the years of the study 2008-2014 and to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat points in the current system through Swat analysi

A comparison study was made for the reaction of triruthenium carbonyl Ru3(CO)12 with azoarene ArN=NAr . This reaction was monitored in two kinds of solvents , toluene , and n- octane , which yielded new triruthenium carbonyl complex Ru3(μ3-NAr)2(CO)9 . The reactions of azoarenes ArN=NAr with Ru3(CO)12 formed the following trinuclear compound of Ru3((μ3- NAr)2(CO)9 (Ar-C6H4Br-4) in law yield . In addition , to new isomers species of mononuclear cyclometallated of Ru(BrC6H4N-NC6H4NBr-4)2(CO)2 in different percentages . The mechanism of the reaction domenstrates that the formation of trinuclear bis arylimido complexes , and ortho metallated was , the result of cleavage of nitrogen –nitrogen bond . Monitoring this gave evidence that the rea

                 The research deals with the concept of a New Urbanism as an urban development strategy in the suburbs of cities or in its centers that are affected by pedestrian-oriented design and the possibility of walking, as well as integrating economic classes through the diversity of housing and its costs, and this works to facilitate access to jobs and services while providing more diverse neighborhoods and reducing the use of cars , As designing separate houses in the suburbs and increasing car trips poses a threat to the environment and the quality of urban life, and thus the new urban provides a good strategy for developing

A new series of morpholine derivative were prepared by reacting the morpholine with ethyl chloro acetate in the presence triethylamine as an catalyst and benzene as a solvent gave the ethyl morpholin-4-ylacetate reaction with hydrazine hydrate and ethanol as a solvent gave the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)acetohydrazide gave series of Schiff base were prepared by reacting 2-(morpholin-4- yl)acetohydrazide with different aromatic aldehydes and ketons . The new series of (3-9 )were synthesis by reaction of Schiff base (10-14) with chloroacetyl chloride, triethyl amine as an catalyst and 1,4dioxane as a solvent .The chemical structures of the synthesis compound were identified by spectral methods their [ IR ,1H-NMR and 13C-NMR ].The synthesised compoun

The aim of the research is to identify the extent of the direct and indirect relationship of the population growth of the cities as a result of the urbanization process witnessed by the Arab region for the urban development of the city structures and their formative structures, changing the planning criteria of some cities and the extent of their changes in spatial and temporal dimensions and their relation to the standards of the western cities. In changing the concept of the modern Arab city, such as the emergence of new functional uses affecting the change in the pattern of formal formations of its urban fabric associated with its ancient morphology and distinctive human nature. The research seeks to identify the extent to which plann

Two novel demountable shear connectors for precast steel-concrete composite bridges are presented. The connectors use high-strength steel bolts, which are fastened to the steel beam with the aid of a special locking configuration that prevents slip of bolts within their holes. Moreover, the connectors promote accelerated construction and overcome typical construction tolerances issues of precast structures. Most importantly, the connectors allow bridge disassembly, and therefore, can address different bridge deterioration scenarios with minimum disturbance to traffic flow, i.e. (1) precast deck panels can be rapidly uplifted and replaced; (2) connectors can be rapidly removed and replaced; and (3) steel beams can be replaced, while precast