Two simple methods for the determination of eugenol were developed. The first depends on the oxidative coupling of eugenol with p-amino-N,N-dimethylaniline (PADA) in the presence of K3[Fe(CN)6]. A linear regression calibration plot for eugenol was constructed at 600 nm, within a concentration range of 0.25-2.50 μg.mL–1 and a correlation coefficient (r) value of 0.9988. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) were 0.086 and 0.284 μg.mL–1, respectively. The second method is based on the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of the derivatized oxidative coupling product of eugenol with PADA. Under the optimized extraction procedure, the extracted colored product was determined spectrophotometrically at 618 nm. A l

The electrical performance of bottom-gate/top source-drain contact for p-channel organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) using poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as an active semiconductor layer with two different gate dielectric materials, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Hafnium oxide (HfO2), is investigated in this work. The output and transfer characteristics were studied for HfO2, PVP and HfO2/PVP as organic gate insulator layer. Both characteristics show a high drain current at the gate dielectric HfO2/PVP equal to -0.0031A and -0.0015A for output and transfer characteristics respectively, this can be attributed to the increasing of the dielectric capacitance. Transcondactance characteristics also studied for the three organic mater

Field experiment conducted to measured Slippage, Effective field capacity, Field Efficiency, Soil Volume Disturbed and Specific Productivity Tillage in silt clay loam soil with depth 18 cm in Baghdad- Iraq. Split – split plot design under randomized complete block design with three replications using Least Significant Design 5 % was used. Three factor used in this experiment included Two types of plows included Chisel and Disk plows which represented main plot , Three Tires Inflation Pressure was second factor included 1.1 ,1.8 and 2.7 Bar, and Three forward speeds of the tillage was third factor included 2.35 , 4.25 and 6.50 km/hr. Result show chisel plow recorded best parameters performance

An overall mathematical model for copper pipe corrosion in flowing water was derived based on mass transfer fundamentals where we introduced the effects of boundary layer velocity, bulk flow velocity and the surface oxide protective film on the corrosion rate. A set of experiments were conducted in a straight 10mm diameter copper pipe, flow of water include six velocities of maximum value 7.33m/sec at 200C and 350C. The good agreement between the calculated and experimental corrosion rate values were achieved , the agreement reached 92% .

In this work, the effect of atomic ratio on structural and optical properties of SnO₂/In₂O₃ thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique under vacuum and annealed at 573K in air has been studied.  Atomic ratios from 0 to 100% have been used. X-ray diffraction analysis has been utilized to study the effect of atomic ratios on the phase change using XRD analyzer and the crystalline size and the lattice strain using Williamson-Hall relationship. It has been found that the ratio of 50% has the lowest crystallite size, which corresponds to the highest strain in the lattice. The energy gap has increased as the atomic ratio of indium oxide increased.

In this study, novel Schiff base complexes with Zn(II) and Co(II) ions were successfully synthesized. The malonic acid dihydrazide was converted into the Schiff base ligand by combining it with 1-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde, and the last step required reacting it with the appropriate metal(II) chloride to produce pure target complexes. The generated complexes were thoroughly characterized using FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, GC-mass, and UV-Vis spectroscopies. In order to photo-stabilize polystyrene (PS) and reduce the photodegradation of its polymeric chains, these chemicals have been used in this work. The efficiency of the generated complexes as photo-stabilizers was evaluated using a variety of techniques, including FTIR, weight loss, visc

Bidentate Schiff base ligand 3-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-[(4-dimethylamino-benzylidene)-amino]-2-methyl-propionic acid was prepared and characterized by spectroscopic techniques studies and elemental analysis. The Cd(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Co(II), Cr(III),and Fe(III) of mixed-ligand complexes were structural explicate through Moler conductance , [FT-IR, UV-Vis & AAS], chloride contents, , and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Octahedral geometries have been suggested for all complexes. The Schiff base and its complexes were tested against various bacterial species, two of {gram(G+) and gram(G-)} were shown weak to good activity against all bacteria.