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The Effect of Inhibitory Signals on the Priming of Drug Hapten–Specific T Cells That Express Distinct Vβ Receptors
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Abstract<p>Drug hypersensitivity involves the activation of T cells in an HLA allele–restricted manner. Because the majority of individuals who carry HLA risk alleles do not develop hypersensitivity, other parameters must control development of the drug-specific T cell response. Thus, we have used a T cell–priming assay and nitroso sulfamethoxazole (SMX-NO) as a model Ag to investigate the activation of specific TCR Vβ subtypes, the impact of programmed death -1 (PD-1), CTL-associated protein 4 (CTLA4), and T cell Ig and mucin domain protein-3 (TIM-3) coinhibitory signaling on activation of naive and memory T cells, and the ability of regulatory T cells (Tregs) to prevent responses. An expansion of the TCR repertoire was observed for nine Vβ subtypes, whereas spectratyping revealed that SMX-NO–specific T cell responses are controlled by public TCRs present in all individuals alongside private TCR repertoires specific to each individual. We proceeded to evaluate the extent to which the activation of these TCR Vβ–restricted Ag-specific T cell responses is governed by regulatory signals. Blockade of PD-L1/CTLA4 signaling dampened activation of SMX-NO–specific naive and memory T cells, whereas blockade of TIM-3 produced no effect. Programmed death-1, CTLA4, and TIM-3 displayed discrete expression profiles during drug-induced T cell activation, and expression of each receptor was enhanced on dividing T cells. Because these receptors are also expressed on Tregs, Treg-mediated suppression of SMX-NO–induced T cell activation was investigated. Tregs significantly dampened the priming of T cells. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that distinct TCR Vβ subtypes, dysregulation of coinhibitory signaling pathways, and dysfunctional Tregs may influence predisposition to hypersensitivity.</p>
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Publication Date
Fri Nov 11 2022
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Analytical Methods for Determination of Ketoprofen Drug: A review
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Ketoprofen has recently been proven to offer therapeutic potential in preventing cancers such as colorectal and lung tumors, as well as in treating neurological illnesses. The goal of this review is to show the methods that have been used for determining ketoprofen in pharmaceutical formulations. Precision product quality control is crucial to confirm the composition of the drugs in pharmaceutical use. Several analytical techniques, including chromatographic and spectroscopic methods, have been used for determining ketoprofen in different sample forms such as a tablet, capsule, ampoule, gel, and human plasma. The limit of detection of ketoprofen was 0.1 ng/ ml using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, while it was 0

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2013
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
In Vitro Study of MefenamateStarch as Drug Delivery System
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Mefenamic acid was esterified with starchwith[1:1] Molar ratio, as drug substituted with natural polymer, to prolongthe period of hydrolysis of drug polymer with other advantages. The new prodrug starch was characterized by FT-IR and UV-Visible and 1H-NMR spectroscopies. The physical properties were studied and controlled drug release was studied in different pH values at 37oC. The stability of drug was carried out by measuring the absorbance of mefenamic starch which hydrolyzed in HCl solution of pH 1.1 (artificial gastric fluid) and phosphate buffer of pH 7.4 (simulating intestinal fluid SIF) at 37oC for several days. The thermal analysis such as DSC was studied.

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2015
Journal Name
International Journal Of Technical Research And Applications
SYNTHESIS OF DRUG CARRIER POLYACRYLIC ACID WITH SPACER GROUP
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Publication Date
Sun Sep 03 2017
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Preparation and Characterization some New of Naproxen Drug Derivatives
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In this research four steps of the new derivatives of Naproxen drug have been made which are known as a high medicinal effectiveness; the first step involved converting Naproxen into the corresponding ester (A) by reaction Naproxen with methanol absolute in presence H2SO4. While the second step involved treatment methyl Naproxen ester (A) with hydrazine hydrate 80% in presence of ethanol .The third reaction requires synthesis of Schiff bases (C1-C10) by condensation. of Naproxen hydrazide (B) with many substituted aromatic aldehydes . Finally, the fourth step synthesized new tetrazole derivatives ( D1- D10) by the reaction of the prepared Schiff bases (in the third step) with Sodium azide in THF as a solvent .The prepared compounds wer

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 15 2014
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
The Effect of Soil Content, Drilling Parameters and Drilling Tool Diameter on the Vibration Assessment in the Drilling Rig
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Abstract

This paper represents a study of the effect of the soil type, the drilling parameters and the drilling tool properties on the dynamic vibrational behavior of the drilling rig and its assessment in the drilling system. So first, an experimental drilling rig was designed and constructed to embrace the numerical work.

The experimental work included implementation of the drill-string in different types of soil with different properties according to the difference in the grains size, at different rotational speeds (RPM), and different weights on bit (WOB) (Thrust force), in a way that allows establishing the charts that correlate the vibration acceleration, the rate of penetration (ROP), and the power

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 21 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Interactive Mobile Technologies (ijim)
Study the Effect of Using Google Classroom on the Academic Performance Under the Covid19 Pandemic Using Data Mining Technique
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— In light of the pandemic that has swept the world, the use of e-learning in educational institutions has become an urgent necessity for continued knowledge communication with students. Educational institutions can benefit from the free tools that Google provide and from these applications, Google classroom which is characterized by ease of use, but the efficiency of using Google classroom is affected by several variables not studied in previous studies Clearly, this study aimed to identify the use of Google classroom as a system for managing e-learning and the factors affecting the performance of students and lecturer. The data of this study were collected from 219 members of the faculty and students at the College of Administra

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 14 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Craniofacial Surgery
The Effect of The Blue-Violet Light Emitting Diode (Led) Irradiation on the Bleeding and Pain Following Tooth Extraction
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Publication Date
Wed Sep 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The effect of Auditing Quality on the Earnings Quality: (An applied research in a sample of private joint stock companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange)
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The research aims to measure the impact of the quality of the audit on the Earnings Quality, for a sample of private joint stock companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange, as the research sample included (14) private and listed joint stock companies in issuing their financial statements for the period from (2010-2018), as well as companies The audit offices in charge of auditing these companies, which number (18) companies or an audit office, and the research relied on two main models for measurement, as the first model reflects the assumed relationship between independent variables represented in the characteristics of external audit quality and measuring the extent of its impact on the dependent variable represented in the Ea

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2008
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum fungicidal concentration(MFC) of extracted oil of lemon grass and thyme against Candida spp. and Bacteria Spp. Isolated from children with oral thrush
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120 samples were collected from children (ages between new born and 10 years) who infected with oral thrush. The results revealed that the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of extracted oil of lemon grass against C.albicans, C.tropicalis, C.keyfr, C.glabrata and C.guilliermondii were 1.25,1.25,1.25,2.5 and 2.5µl/ml and 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 5 and 5 µl /ml respectively. while the (MIC) and (MFC) for the extraction oil of thyme against C.albicans, C.tropicalis, C.keyfr, C.glabrata and C.guilliermondii were 0.6, 0.6, 1.25, 1.25, and 1.25µl/ml and 1.25, 1.25, 2.5, 2.5, and 2.5µl/ml respectively . While the value of (MIC) and (MFC) for Nystatin against Candida species were 32 and 64 µg

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 01 2017
Journal Name
International Journal Of Science And Research
Effects of Pregabalin Drug on Level of Reproductive Hormones, Sexual Activity, Number and Weight of Offspring in Female Albino Rats
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Abstract: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of two doses of pregabalin (PGB) on hormonal level and sexual activity in female albino rats. Ninety female rats with age (9-10 weeks) and weight (200±20 g) were divided into three major groups of thirty rats. First group was considered as control G1, the second G2 and third G3 groups were exposed to PGB into two doses 150, and 300 mg/kg body weight per day respectively. Each major group was divided into three subgroups (subgroup A, B, and C of each has ten rats), the treatments last for one month for subgroup A, two months for subgroup B, and three months for subgroup C. Five rats from each subgroup were placed separately into two breeding cages with two isolated males and wait

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