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The Effect of Inhibitory Signals on the Priming of Drug Hapten–Specific T Cells That Express Distinct Vβ Receptors
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Abstract<p>Drug hypersensitivity involves the activation of T cells in an HLA allele–restricted manner. Because the majority of individuals who carry HLA risk alleles do not develop hypersensitivity, other parameters must control development of the drug-specific T cell response. Thus, we have used a T cell–priming assay and nitroso sulfamethoxazole (SMX-NO) as a model Ag to investigate the activation of specific TCR Vβ subtypes, the impact of programmed death -1 (PD-1), CTL-associated protein 4 (CTLA4), and T cell Ig and mucin domain protein-3 (TIM-3) coinhibitory signaling on activation of naive and memory T cells, and the ability of regulatory T cells (Tregs) to prevent responses. An expansion of the TCR repertoire was observed for nine Vβ subtypes, whereas spectratyping revealed that SMX-NO–specific T cell responses are controlled by public TCRs present in all individuals alongside private TCR repertoires specific to each individual. We proceeded to evaluate the extent to which the activation of these TCR Vβ–restricted Ag-specific T cell responses is governed by regulatory signals. Blockade of PD-L1/CTLA4 signaling dampened activation of SMX-NO–specific naive and memory T cells, whereas blockade of TIM-3 produced no effect. Programmed death-1, CTLA4, and TIM-3 displayed discrete expression profiles during drug-induced T cell activation, and expression of each receptor was enhanced on dividing T cells. Because these receptors are also expressed on Tregs, Treg-mediated suppression of SMX-NO–induced T cell activation was investigated. Tregs significantly dampened the priming of T cells. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that distinct TCR Vβ subtypes, dysregulation of coinhibitory signaling pathways, and dysfunctional Tregs may influence predisposition to hypersensitivity.</p>
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Publication Date
Fri Sep 30 2011
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Using the band ratio classification method to detect the regions that need to remove sedimentation in Tigris River
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LandSat Satellite ETM+ image have been analyzed to detect the different depths of regions inside the Tigris river in order to detect the regions that need to remove sedimentation in Baghdad in Iraq Country. The scene consisted of six bands (without the thermal band), It was captured in March ٢٠٠١. The variance in depth is determined by applying the rationing technique on the bands ٣ and ٥. GIS ٩. ١ program is used to apply the rationing technique and determined the results.

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 03 2017
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Specific Activities of Natural Radionuclides and Annual Effective Dose Due to the Intake of Some Types of Children Powdered Milk Available in Baghdad Markets
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In this research the specific activity of natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were determined by sodium iodide enhanced by thallium NaI(TI) detector and assessed the annual effective dose in Dielac 1 and 2 and Nactalia 1 and 2 for children of less than 1 year which are available in Baghdad markets. The specific activity of 40K has the greater value in all the types which is in the range of allowed levels globally that suggested by UNSCEAR. The mean value of annual effective doses were 2.92, 4.005 and 1.6325 mSv/y for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K respectively.

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 30 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Taboo Words Vs. Social Deixis: A sociolinguistic Analysis of La Justice or The Cock that Crew: A Play from the Theatre of Ridiculous
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Linguistic taboos exist in most cultures. Tabooed words are generally being culturespecific
and relating to bodily functions or aspects of a culture that are sacred. Such words are
avoided, considered inappropriate and loaded with affective meaning and failing to adhere to.
Strict rules, often, governing their use and lead to punishment or public shame. These taboo
words can be used as a way of violating social deixis represented by four types of honorifics;
addressee, referent, bystander, and finally setting honorifics. This paper shows how these
taboo words are used in Kenneth Bernard's play La Justice or The Cock that Crew from the
theatre of the Ridiculous as means of violating social deixis in its four types. Th

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 18 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Derivative of an image that corrupted by additive noise
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In this paper the behavior of the quality of the gradient that implemented on an image as a function of noise error is presented. The cross correlation coefficient (ccc) between the derivative of the original image before and after introducing noise error shows dramatic decline compared with the corresponding images before taking derivatives. Mathematical equations have been constructed to control the relation between (ccc) and the noise parameter.

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Isolate and diagnose some bacteria contaminated minced meat and determine the concentrations of powder and extracts plant cinnamon bark inhibitory and minimum lethal bacteria
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Powder extracts hot water from local ground beef and studied inhibitory effectiveness of powder and extracts to the concentration of the aqueous extract hot Gulf students

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The psychological, social and academic problems that encounter students of college of education in Al-Anbaar University /Al-qaim
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The study aims to identify the psychological, social, and academic problems that encounter students at the college of education. To this end, the researcher utilized the descriptive approach, where a questionnaire was used as a tool to collect the study data. The findings of study revealed that the main academic problems are inability to understand what the students read, lack of concentration over the process of studying. The Difficulty of preparation for test. Lack of ability to memorize quickly. As for the prominent social problems: the excessive usage of social media that drove students away from their main tasks, the Lack of participation in social activities, the scarcity the religious information. The psychological problems includ

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 22 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Optics
Studying the effect of adding Mo on the optical and structural properties of the CoFe2O4 compound
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Publication Date
Wed Apr 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The effect of Constructive Conflict on the Organizational Identification Applied Research in the Ministry of Planning
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This research deals with the effect of constructive conflict of the organizational identification .These relatively recent subjects have relative importance in the field of administration and they have strong effect in the success of organizations .The objective of this research is to detect the level of the constructive conflict and the organizational identification in the center of The Ministry of Planning. So, two major hypotheses were formulated The first are searched the correlation between the constructive conflict and the organizational identification and it emerged with four sub-hypotheses searched the correlation among every dimension of the constructive conflict with the organizational identification .The second major h

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Crossref
Publication Date
Tue May 05 2015
Journal Name
Scientific Education
The effect of the KWLH strategy on the reading comprehension of first-year intermediate female students
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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2014
Journal Name
مجلة العلوم التربوية والنفسية
The effect of the self-scheduling strategy on the chemistry achievement of first intermediate female students
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