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The Effect of Inhibitory Signals on the Priming of Drug Hapten–Specific T Cells That Express Distinct Vβ Receptors
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Abstract<p>Drug hypersensitivity involves the activation of T cells in an HLA allele–restricted manner. Because the majority of individuals who carry HLA risk alleles do not develop hypersensitivity, other parameters must control development of the drug-specific T cell response. Thus, we have used a T cell–priming assay and nitroso sulfamethoxazole (SMX-NO) as a model Ag to investigate the activation of specific TCR Vβ subtypes, the impact of programmed death -1 (PD-1), CTL-associated protein 4 (CTLA4), and T cell Ig and mucin domain protein-3 (TIM-3) coinhibitory signaling on activation of naive and memory T cells, and the ability of regulatory T cells (Tregs) to prevent responses. An expansion of the TCR repertoire was observed for nine Vβ subtypes, whereas spectratyping revealed that SMX-NO–specific T cell responses are controlled by public TCRs present in all individuals alongside private TCR repertoires specific to each individual. We proceeded to evaluate the extent to which the activation of these TCR Vβ–restricted Ag-specific T cell responses is governed by regulatory signals. Blockade of PD-L1/CTLA4 signaling dampened activation of SMX-NO–specific naive and memory T cells, whereas blockade of TIM-3 produced no effect. Programmed death-1, CTLA4, and TIM-3 displayed discrete expression profiles during drug-induced T cell activation, and expression of each receptor was enhanced on dividing T cells. Because these receptors are also expressed on Tregs, Treg-mediated suppression of SMX-NO–induced T cell activation was investigated. Tregs significantly dampened the priming of T cells. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that distinct TCR Vβ subtypes, dysregulation of coinhibitory signaling pathways, and dysfunctional Tregs may influence predisposition to hypersensitivity.</p>
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Publication Date
Sun May 17 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
On the Construction of d-Koszul algebras
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An algebra has been constructed from a (D, A)-stacked algebra A, under the conditions that , A 1 and . It is shown that when the construction of algebra B is built from a (D, A)-stacked monomial algebra A then B is a d-Koszul monomial algebra.

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 24 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of social capital dimensions on the structural empowerment of workers Applied research in the Directorate of the Municipality of Samawa
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The purpose of the research is to identify the social capital of the Municipality of Samawah Municipality by defining the level of its three dimensions (the structural dimension, the relational dimension and the cognitive dimension) and identifying the appropriate means that contribute to increasing the structural empowerment of the workers in the Municipality of Samawah. Between the social capital and the structural empowerment of the workers. From the perspective of social capital, the researchers examined the correlation and the effect of dimensions (structural, relational, cognitive) on the structural empowerment of the workers and with data collected from a sample of (168) Samawah, which is part of the Ministry of Constructi

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Impact of the Dominions of Mindfulness on the Organizational Innovation “Descriptive analytical study in some faculties of the University of Baghdad”
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Research seeks to test the impact of the dimensions of mindfulness on  organizational Innovation, proposed in the light of the review literature on two variables of the research, which referred in General to the dynamic relationship between them, as result of weakness of mindfulness as one important factor driving the diversity of innovation and time, ways to sustain and preserve and then support innovations made by creators, weakness in the overall level of organizational Innovation, this represents the problem research, data collection over designing   identification, distributed to sample Formed from (30) head Department at a number of colleges of the University of Baghdad, results confirms the validity of resea

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Publication Date
Wed May 15 2019
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Mesoporous Silica MCM-41 as a Carriers Material for Nystatine Drug in Delivery System
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In the present study, MCM-41 was synthesis as a carrier for poorly drugs soluble in water, by the sol-gel technique. Textural and chemical characterizations of MCM-41 were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The experimental results were analyzed mesoporous carriers MCM-41. With maximum drug loading efficiency in MCM-41 determined to be 90.74%. The NYS released was prudently studied in simulated body fluid (SBF) pH 7.4 and the results proved that the release of NYS from MCM-41 was (87.79%) after 18 hr. The data of NYS released was found to be submitted a Weibull model with a correlation coefficient of (0.995). The Historical

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
Social Graphic Design and its Reflection in Combating Drug Abuse: محمد عباس مظهر الزيدي
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Social graphic design is the design that realizes the role and responsibility of the designer in society, and the use of graphic design in bringing about social change, especially as it is a professional contribution that plays an important role in the behavioral development of societies, and through the above, the researcher found a logical justification for his research problem, which is summarized by the following question: (What is the concept of Social Graphic Design and its implications in the fight against drug abuse)
While the two objectives of the research were identified in defining the social graphic design and its effect on combating drug abuse, and the theoretical framework was divided into two topics, the first study dea

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 03 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Health Sciences
Correlation between oxidative stress and clopidogrel drug in Iraqi patients with coronary artery disease
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Background: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the largest causes of mortality worldwide. Clopidogrel, antiplatelet drug, has been widely used for management of CAD. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of clopidogrel on the oxidative stress in CAD patients. Methods: One hundred CAD patients, who were followed-up for 5 days after receiving clopidogrel, and 50 healthy volunteers were included in this study. Parameters include catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant capacity (TOC), total protein, albumin, and globulins were determined before and after treatment with clopidogrel. Results: CAT, TAC, and Tp were significantly decreased (P<0.0001) in CAD patients compared to healthy control and

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 23 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
EFFECT OF DECISION OF INCREASING THE MINIMUM LIMIT OF THE CAPITAL IN THE IRAQI PRIVATE BANKING ACTIVITY: APPLIED STUDY IN A SAMPLE OF PRIVATE IRAQI BANKS
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This research aims to show the sight at the importance of the private banking sector in Iraq and its role in financing of the investment projects , of the ability of Central Bank's decision to increase the minimum limit of capital for private banks to provide support to the economic activity and the development in Iraq. In addition to illustrate the importance of the capital increase, with a, and taking into notice the most important determinants that can stand in front of these banks in the beginning of the decision implementation, which in turn can lead to the most important proceedings that can contribute in the support of banks to implementation the decision.  Also, the research has highlighted the most important ways through wh

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Environmental Science And Development
Estimation of the Concentrations of Some Pollutants Resulting from the Use of Arabian Bakhour and Their Effect in Patients with Asthma in the City of Baghdad
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This research focus on studying 3 types of Bakhour in the markets of Baghdad city and assessing their impact on the quality of life for asthmatic whom used Bakhour at their houses through investigating particles physical properties, also estimating the levels of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn), Particulate Matter PM2.5, PM10, Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) and formaldehyde (HCHO). The quality of life for asthmatic patients whom use Bakhour was assessing by Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire. The results indicated that shapes of Bakhour particles were irregular or spherical. Burning process generated the higher percent of PM ˂1μm. Type 2 Bakhour showed the highest percent of <1μm which was 73%.The amount of

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Ibero-american Journal Of Exercise And Sports psychology
THE EFFECT OF HIIT EXERCISES ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL INDICATORS IN REDUCING COMPETITION ANXIETY AND PERFORMANCE OF SOME OFFENSE SKILLS FOR YOUNG BADMINTON ATHLETES
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The research aimed to use HIIT exercises, and to know the effect of HIIT exercises on some physiological and physical indicators of the young badminton players, and to identify the degree of competition anxiety and the performance of some offense skills among the young badminton players. The research community (the young badminton players), the research sample and its selection method (the research sample was chosen by the intentional method (8) badminton player from the Athwari Club), the scientific method (the experimental method with pre and post tests), measurement tools: physiological tests (high and low blood pressure) , pulse, and physical exams (explosive force of arms and legs) and the offense skills and the scale of competit

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 30 2012
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Numerical Analysis of Laminar Natural Convection in Square Enclosure with and without Partitions and Study Effect of pPartition on the Flow Pattern and Heat Transfer
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The problem of steady, laminar, natural convective flow in an square enclosure with and without partitions is considered for Rayleigh number (103-106) and Prandtl number (0.7). Vertical walls were maintained isothermal at different temperatures while horizontal walls and the partitions were insulated. The length of partition was taken constant. The number of partitions were placed on horizontal surface in staggered arrangement from (1– 3) and ratio of partition thickness (H/L= 0.033, 0.083, 0.124). The problem is formulated in terms of the vorticity-stream function procedure. A numerical solution based on a program in Fortran 90 with the finite difference method is obtained. Representative results illustrating the effects of the thickn

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