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Wrapper and Hybrid Feature Selection Methods Using Metaheuristic Algorithms for English Text Classification: A Systematic Review
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Feature selection (FS) constitutes a series of processes used to decide which relevant features/attributes to include and which irrelevant features to exclude for predictive modeling. It is a crucial task that aids machine learning classifiers in reducing error rates, computation time, overfitting, and improving classification accuracy. It has demonstrated its efficacy in myriads of domains, ranging from its use for text classification (TC), text mining, and image recognition. While there are many traditional FS methods, recent research efforts have been devoted to applying metaheuristic algorithms as FS techniques for the TC task. However, there are few literature reviews concerning TC. Therefore, a comprehensive overview was systematically studied by exploring available studies of different metaheuristic algorithms used for FS to improve TC. This paper will contribute to the body of existing knowledge by answering four research questions (RQs): 1) What are the different approaches of FS that apply metaheuristic algorithms to improve TC? 2) Does applying metaheuristic algorithms for TC lead to better accuracy than the typical FS methods? 3) How effective are the modified, hybridized metaheuristic algorithms for text FS problems?, and 4) What are the gaps in the current studies and their future directions? These RQs led to a study of recent works on metaheuristic-based FS methods, their contributions, and limitations. Hence, a final list of thirty-seven (37) related articles was extracted and investigated to align with our RQs to generate new knowledge in the domain of study. Most of the conducted papers focused on addressing the TC in tandem with metaheuristic algorithms based on the wrapper and hybrid FS approaches. Future research should focus on using a hybrid-based FS approach as it intuitively handles complex optimization problems and potentiality provide new research opportunities in this rapidly developing field.

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Quantitative and qualitative assessment of the basic components and effective in Acol plant
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Key components estimated in Acol total plant leaves and the results were as follows plant Acol humidity 72%

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 01 2020
Journal Name
Plant Archives
Germination and seedling growth in primed sorghum seed with gibberellic and salicylic acids
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A laboratory experiment was conducted in the labs of Seeds Testing and Certification Department, Ministry of Agriculture in 2017 to improve germination and seedling growth in primed sorghum seeds by different concentrations and soaking durations of acids of gibberellic (GA3)(distilled water, 75, 150 and 300 mg l-1), salicylic (SA)(distilled water, 40, 70 and 100 mg l-1) and soaking duration (SD)(12 and 24 h). Factorial experiment in completely randomized design was applied with four r replications. The results showed the superiority of the two soaking treatments with GA3 (300 mg l-1) and SA (70 mg l-1) at germination ratio, radicle and plumule lengths, seedling dry weight and seedling vigour index (81.3%, 2.7 cm, 8.9 cm, 0.081 mg and 984) a

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 31 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Adsorption of Diclofenac Sodium and Ibuprofen by Bentonite Polyureaformaldehyde Thermodynamics and Kinetics Study
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An increasing number of emerging contaminants have been detected in surface waters, sediment, soil and ground water in different locations in the world, which is a new environmental challenges need an actual concern for international scientific and legislative communities. 

   The nonprescription and huge used pharmaceuticals ibuprofen and diclofenac sodium will be focused in this study. New adsorbent developed using cheap inorganic clay material (bentonite) and organic polymer polyureaformaldehyde (PUF), the combination of these two materials gave the surface more roughness with wide active site distribution. Batch adsorption experiment performed to each pharmaceutical individually to determine the optimum separat

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 02 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The importance of Al-alaq and Al-qalam in education and ethical values
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The research addresses the importance of reading and writing for sura Al-alaq and Al-qalam as they represent the main sources for all the sciences as well as ethical values. The researcher seeks to define the educational and ethical values in these two texts which related to reading and writing. To do this, the author went through different relevant literature to show the similarities and related points between them, she also shows the significant of reading and writing and the learning and teaching worth to be consider. The result revealed that the both texts assert on the educational and ethical values, and the vital role of reading and writing.  

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 27 2024
Journal Name
Caspian Journal Of Environmental Sciences,
Morphological study on the form and number of eyes in scorpions and spiders
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Scorpions and spiders belong to the class Arachnida in phylum Arthropoda. Scorpions are easily distinguished by median eyes on obvious the center of the carapace and have one pair, and lateral eyes have 2-8 in some species. Scorpions do not have good eyesight so the median eyes have always been simple and they are more sensitive than the lateral pairs. They have anterior median eyes (AME) with narrow field of view and pairs of lateral eyes (LE) with more sensitivity and response to light. Family Buthidae have 2-6 lateral eyes in Compsobuthus Mesobuthus, Hottentotta, while Vaejovidae, Chactidae and Chaerilidae have 2 pairs of lateral eyes. In addition, 3 pairs are found in Orthochirus and Androctonus. Spiders have six eyes in family Pholicid

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Biotechnology,
Isolation and Identification of Multidrug Resistance Among Clinical and Environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common opportunistic pathogen causing morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients due to its multiple resistance mechanisms. Therefore, as a therapeutic option becomes restricted, the search for a new agent is a preference. So P. aeruginosa is an extremely versatile Gram-negative bacterium capable of thriving in a broad spectrum of environments, and this performs main problems to workers in the field of health. One hundred and fifty samples were collected from different sources from Baghdad hospitals, divided into two main groups: clinical (100) specimens and (50) samples as an environmental, collected from October 2019 to the March 2020. All of these samples were cultured by specific and differential

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 01 2005
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Science
Synthesis and Characterization of Schiff Base Folic Acid Based Ligand and Its Complexes
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D-mannose sugar was used to prepare [benzoic acid 6-formyl-2,2-dimethyl-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-d][1,3]dioxol-4-yl ester] (compound A). The condensation reaction of folic acid with (compound A) resulted in the formation of new ligand [L]. These compounds were characterized by elemental analysis CHN, atomic absorption A.A, (FT-I.R.), (U.V.-Vis), TLC, E.S. mass (for electrospray), molar conductance, and melting point. The new tetradentate ligand [L], reacted with two moles of some selected metal ions and two moles of (2-aminophenol), (metal : ligand : 2-aminophenol) at reflux in water medium to give a series of new complexes of the general formula K2[M2(L)(HA)2] where M= Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II). These complexes were characterized by elem

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Publication Date
Mon Nov 06 2023
Journal Name
Al- Ustath Journal
INFINITIVAL AND GERUNDIAL CONSTRUCTIONS OF ASPECTUAL VERBS IN SELECTED BRITISH AND AMERICAN NOVELS
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Abstract Infinitives and gerunds are non-finite verb forms which cannot be indicated by tense, number, or person. The construction of non-finite verbs is intricate because of their nature of meanings, forms, and functions. The major problem is that both infinitival and gerundial complements have identical functions and occupy identical positions in the sentences. Thus, there is a confusion in using an infinitival and gerundial forms after aspectual verbs. The selection of either one of these two forms as complements is controlled syntactically or semantically. Moreover, both forms can be used usually with similar predicate but with neat difference in meaning. In addition, there are problems with controlling the use of aspect, since aspectua

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 15 2023
Journal Name
Al-academy
The effectiveness of prediction and clairvoyance and its functions in the inner space
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The research dealt with the effectiveness of prediction and foresight in design as a phenomenon that plays a role in the recipient's engagement with the design, as it shows the interaction between the recipient and the interior space. The designer is keen to diversify his formal vocabulary in a way that secures visual values that call for aesthetic integration, as well as securing mental and kinetic behavioral understanding in the interior space.
As the designer deals with a three-dimensional space that carries many visual scenes, the designer should not leave anything from it without standing on it with study and investigation, and puts the user as a basic goal as he provides interpretive data through prediction and foresight that le

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Mixed Ligand Complexes of Schiff Base and Nicotinamide: Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities
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A new Schiff base of HL has been synthesized from amoxicillin drug and 4- Chlorobenzophenone. Cr (III), Fe (III), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Cd (II) and Hg (II) mixed ligands complexes of Schiff base and Nicotinamide. Diagnosis of synthesis ligand and its complexes are done by 1HNMR, 13CNMR and thermal analysis for HL ligand, FTIR, UV-visible, molar conductance, CHN analysis, magnetic susceptility and atomic absorption. Octahedral geometries have been suggested for all complexes. All compounds under study were tested antimicrobial activity against four type of bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus Bacillis subtilis in nutrient agar.

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