The recent studies suggested the possible toxicities or genetic alterations associated with biological and medical applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The current research is directed to see if AgNPs administration can lead to some changes in expression of BRAF gene in selected body organs tissues. Fifty-six male of musmusculs (Balb/C) mice from the animal house of Al-Nahrain Centre of Biotechnology were used. These animals were divided randomly to seven groups (eight mouse in each group), one of these groups represented the control group, three groups were subjected to different doses of AgNPs (0.25, 0.5and 1 mg/kg of body weight) for one week, and the remaining three groups were subjected to three different doses of AgNP

     Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces an extracellular biofilm matrix that consists of nucleic acids, exopolysaccharides, lipid vesicles, and proteins. Alginate, Psl and Pel are three exopolysaccharides that constitute the main components in biofilm matrix, with many biological functions attributed to them, especially concerning the protection of the bacterial cell from antimicrobial agents and immune responses. A total of 25 gentamicin-resistant P. aeruginosa selected isolates were enrolled in this study. Biofilm development was observed in 96% of the isolates. In addition, the present results clarified the presence of pelA and pslA in all the studied isolates. The expression of these genes was very low. Even though all biof

The current study aimed to detect the effect of gentamicin stress on the expression of hla (encodes hemolysin) and nuc (encodes nuclease) genes of Staphylococcus aureus. Fifty-eight isolates identified as S. aureus were isolated locally from different clinical specimens. Disk diffusion method was used to detect the resistance to S. aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of gentamicin was estimated by broth microdilution method. hla and nuc genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction technique. The biofilm was evaluated using the microtiter plate method in the presence and absence of gentamicin at sub-MIC. The results showed that 18 (31%) and 40 (69%) S. aureus isolates were sensitive and resistant to gentamicin, respectiv

     Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces an extracellular biofilm matrix that consists of nucleic acids, exopolysaccharides, lipid vesicles, and proteins. Alginate, Psl and Pel are three exopolysaccharides that constitute the main components in biofilm matrix, with many biological functions attributed to them, especially concerning the protection of the bacterial cell from antimicrobial agents and immune responses. A total of 25 gentamicin-resistant P. aeruginosa selected isolates were enrolled in this study. Biofilm development was observed in 96% of the isolates. In addition, the present results clarified the presence of pelA and pslA in all the studied isolates. The expression of

Fifteen local isolates of Pseudomonas were obtained from several sources such as soil, water and some high-fat foods (Meat, olives, coconuts, etc.). The ability of isolates to produce lipase was measured by the size of clear zone on Tween 20 solid medium and by measuring the enzymatic activity and specific activity. Isolate M3 (as named in this study) was found to be the most efficient for the production of the lipase with enzymatic activity reached 56.6 U/ml and specific activity of 305.94 U/mg. This isolate was identified through genetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. and it was shown that the isolate M3 belongs to Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 99% similarity. The DNA of isolate M3 was extracted and lipase gene was amplified through PCR tec

  Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of many low molecular weight end-products of lipid peroxidation; it is as an index of lipid peroxidation. Uric acid is one of the endogenous oxidant-antioxidant paradoxes.        The aim of this study is to evaluate the levels of serum MDA and uric acid in smokers and non smokers.  This study was carried out from January to July 2012 on (30) smokers and (30) non smokers. Serum MDA level was measured spectrophotometrically using thiobarbituric acid method, whereas serum uric acid was measured using enzymatic colorimetric method.      The results of the study revealed a significant increase (P<0.001) in uric acid value in smokers subject

 Penicillium expansum produced the toxin patulin in pome fruits. To evaluate the molecular mechanism by which the treatment of probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium breve and Lactobacillus salivarius could modulate patulin production, three genes involved in the biosynthesis of patulin were measured using real time-PCR technique. The result of this study found that the supplementation with B. brave and L. salivarius down-regulate the relative expression of 6-methylsalicylic acid synthase (msas), ATP binding cassette transporter (ABC) and putative cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450-1) as well. Although, there is no effect of some strains on this expression. However, these finding suggested that these bacteria decreased patulin product

     The current study was carried out to explore gene expression of the LTB4R gene with the development of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in Iraqi patients. The differences in the expression of this gene between patients and healthy controls were studied. The correlation of gender and age with CML patients compared with controls was included as well as the correlation of gene expression folding 2^-ΔΔCt of LTB4R with clinical parameters (WBC, RBC, haemoglobin, platelets, and BCR-ABL gene). Results revealed significant increases in the mean of gene expression level (ΔCt) of patient groups compared to the corresponding ΔCt means in the healthy control group, the gene expression folding (2^-∆∆Ct) of the L

To study the genetic effect of gestational diabetes mellitus by study IRS1gene expression in female with Gestational diabetes mellitus. It is characterized high level of blood glucose, especially during first trimester then increased during the 2^nd and 3^rd trimester of the pregnancy period. The blood samples taken from one hundred twenty healthy women and female with gestational diabetes mellitus in 3^rd trimester period of pregnancy, level of fasting blood glucose (FBG) also HbA1c% measured to diagnose GDM, in addition to lipid profile (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, and VLDL), molecular study consist of RNA extraction and qRT- PCR for IRS1gene expression determination. The fasting blood glucose mg/