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Evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties resulting from gas nitriding process for different types of steel
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This work investigates the effect of the gas nitriding process on the surface layer microstructure and mechanical properties for steel 37, tool steel X155CrVMo12-1 and stainless steel 316L. Nitriding was conducted at a temperature of 550 °C for 2 hours during the first stage and at 750 °C for 4 hours during the second stage. SEM and X-ray diffraction tests were performed to evaluate the microstructural features and the major phases formed after surface treatment. SEM and X-ray diffraction tests were performed to assess the microstructural features and the primary phases formed after surface treatment. The new secondary precipitates were identified as γ′-Fe4N, ε (Fe2–3N), and α-Fe, exhibiting an uneven chain-like pattern within columnar grains. A significant increase in the nitride layer thickness (34.4 µm) was achieved for X155 compared to AISI 316L and steel 37. Also, Gas nitriding caused a significant increase in hardness at the first stage for X 155 tool steel and AISI316L steel with hardness percentage enhancement of 0.87%(655HV) and 0.28% (219HV) respectively, while for steel37 samples the hardness reached its maximum value of 340HV for the second nitriding stage with hardness percentage enhancement of 0.78%. There was no significant improvement in surface hardness after second nitriding stages for X155 and AISI 316L steels. The effects of time and gas flow rate during the process were particularly evident on hardness values, especially after the first stage.

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 15 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The effect of the addition of silanated poly propylene fiber to polymethylmethacrylate denture base material on some of its mechanical properties
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Background: Poly propylene fibers with and without silane treatment have been used to reinforce heat cure denture base acrylic but, some mechanical properties like transverse strength, impact strength, tensile strength, hardness, wear resistance and wettability. Which are related to the clinical use of the prosthesis are not evaluated yet. The aim of the study is to identify the influence of incorporation of treated and untreated fibers on these properties Materials and methods: Eighty four heat cure acrylic specimens were constructed by conventional flasking technique. They were divided into six groups according to the tests and each group was subdivided into two subgroups control and experimental groups (seven samples for each subgroup

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Publication Date
Sun May 30 2021
Journal Name
Gsc Biological And Pharmaceutical Sciences
Revision of some trematodes (Plagiorchiida: Microphallidae) from different birds in Iraq
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The adult worms of the Microphallidae family are mainly found as intestinal parasites of birds and mammals, while metacercariae is most commonly found in decapodal crustaceans. The Microphallidaeare family is spread throughout the world. It includes approximately 47 genera. Mature worms usually enter the digestive system of vertebrates, especially birds and mammals. Microphallidae contain eight subfamilies: Androcotylinae - Basantisiinae - Endocotylinae - Gynaecotylinae - Levinseniellinae - MaritrematinaeMicrophallinae - Sphairiotrematinae. Therefore, due to the lack of studies on the Microphallidae family in Iraq, we began to develop a database on this important family.

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 20 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Kufa For Chemical Sciences
Biosynthesis of Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticles from Different Plant Extracts: A Review
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Publication Date
Sun Dec 31 2000
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Production of Low Sulfur Fuel Oil from Different Iraqi Residues Crudes
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Publication Date
Tue Mar 31 2015
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Extraction of Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Lube Oil Using Different Co-Solvent
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An investigation was conducted effect of addition co- solvent on solvent extraction process for two types of a lubricating oil fraction (spindle) and (SAE-30) obtained from vacuum distillation unit of lube oil plant of Daura Refinery. In this study two types of co-solvents ( formamide and N-methyl, 2, pyrrolidone) were blended with furfural to extract aromatic hydrocarbons which are the undesirable materials in raw lubricating oil, in order to improve the viscosity index, viscosity and yield of produced lubricating oil. The studied operating condition are extraction temperature range from 70 to 110 °C for formamide and 80 to 120 °C for N-methyl, 2, pyrrolidone, solvent to oil ratio range from 1:1 to 2:1 (wt./wt.) for furfural with form

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 30 2001
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
New Development in the Process for the Production of Polybutadiene Rubber
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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process FEAHP to Prioritize The Evaluation of The Main and Subsidiary Criteria in B2B Industrial Market Sectors – Applied Research
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The research aims to define the main and subsidiary criteria for evaluating the industrial market sectors and proposing a model for arranging these criteria according to priority and knowing the highest criteria in terms of relative importance in the General Company for Automobile Trade and Machinery, and for the purpose of establishing this model, experiences in the concerned company were approved, and this study proposes a multi-criteria decision model According to the FEAHP, the expanded fuzzy hierarchical analysis method enables the commercial company to develop clear strategic policies on which the company’s management system depends on determining criteria for evaluating and selecting market sectors and making appropriate

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 07 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Evaluation of the Hardness of Cold Cured Acrylic Resin Material by Processing at Different Temperature
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Objective(s): This study aims to evaluate the hardness of two commercially available cold cured acrylic resin material
(Vertex and PAN) when polymerized at different temperature in comparison to those polymerized by conventional
methods in air at 23C ± 5C.
Methodology: Eighty specimens, forty from cold cured acrylic (Vertex Type) and forty from cold cured acrylic (PAN
type) were prepared, flasking and packing procedure were done according to manufacturer direction and divided
according to processing as follow: 20 specimens (10 from Vertex type and 10 from PAN type) were processed in air for
two hours at 23C ± 5C under press (bench curing) as a control, and 60 specimens (30 from Vertex type and 30 from
PAN type) wer

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Evaluation of petrophysical Properties of Zubair formation Luhais oil field Using Well Logging Analysis and Archie Parameters
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well log analysis is used to determine the rock properties like porosity, water saturation, and shale volume. Archie parameters in Archie equation, which sometimes considered constants greatly affect the determination of water saturation, also these parameters may be used to indicate whether the rocks are fractured or not so they should be determined. This research involves well logging analysis for Zubair formation in Luhais field which involves the determination of Archie parameters instead of using them as constant.

The log interpretation proved that the formation is hydrocarbon reservoir, as it could be concluded from Rwa (high values) and water saturation values (low values), the lithology of Zubair from cro

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 05 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Trimethylolpropane Triesters from Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Methyl Esters
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In this study, the acid-alkaline transesterification of refined coconut seed oil (RCOSO) to fatty acid methyl ester was followed by the production of a trimethylolpropane-based thermosensitive biolubricant using potassium hydroxide, and its physicochemical characteristics were evaluated. The American Standard Test for Materials (ASTM) was employed to ascertain the biolubricant's pour point and index of viscosity, which were found to be -4 oC and 283.75, respectively. The opposite connection between lubricant viscosity and temperature was shown by the measured viscosities at varied transesterification to be transformed into biodiesel. Following this, a biolubricant was created by further transesterifiedtemperature. The ester gr

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