The present article includes an experimental study of the behavior of dry and saturated dense sandy soil under the action of a single impulsive load. Dry and saturated dense sand models were tested under impact loads. Different falling masses from different heights were conducted using the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) to provide the single pulse energy. The responses of dense soils were evaluated at surface of soil under impact load. These responses include; displacements, velocities, and accelerations that are developed due to the impact acting at top and the displacement at different depths within the soil using the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) and accelerometers (ARH-500A waterproof, and low capacity acceleration transducer) that are embedded in the soil in addition to soil pressure gauges and then recorded using the multi-recorder TMR-200. Based on the experimental test results, it was found that as the sand becomes saturated, the amplitude of the force-time history decreases by about 10-22% since the voids are filled with water which lead to less contact points between particles. Moreover, the resulting vertical displacement due to impact increases by about 20-60% as compared to the case of dry sand at a depth B (where B is the diameter of the bearing plate) from the bearing plate. Such a behavior is related to two compressive waves through the saturated medium; the fluid wave and the soil skeleton wave with a coupled motion of those two waves hence, makes the displacement to be larger in the saturated soil. The horizontal displacement within the soil medium at a distance B away from the edge of the footing are less than the displacements in dry state. The excess pore water pressure increases by about 40% as the amplitude of the impact force increases due to the increase of the contact pressure.
Vibration analysis plays a vital role in understanding and analyzing the behavior of the structure. Where, it can be utilized from this analysis in the design process of the structures in different engineering applications, check the quality and safety of the structure under different working conditions. This work presents experimental measurements and numerical solutions to an out of plane vibration of a rectangular plate with a circular hole. Free edges rectangular plates with different circular holes diameters were studied. The effects of hole location on the plate natural frequencies were also investigated. A finite element modeling (using ANSYS Software) has been used to analyze the vibration characteristics of the plates. A good agree
... Show MoreIn the present investigation, 24 adult dipteran species with forensic importance belonging to 13 genera and 8 families that were collected from different localities of Iraq. The specimens were identified by different taxonomical keys; in addition the date and localities of collecting specimens were recorded.
Laser cleaning of materials’ surfaces implies the removal of deposited pollutants without affecting the material. Nanosecond Nd:YAG pulsed laser, operating at 1064 nm and 532nm, was utilized. Different laser intensities and number of pulses were used on metallic and non-metallic surfaces under O2 and Ar environments to remove metal oxide and crust. Cleaning efficiency was studied by optical microscope. The results indicated the superiority of 1064 nm over the 532 nm wavelength without any detectable damage to materials’ surfaces. Marble cleaned in Oxygen gas environment was better than in Ar gas.
The study discusses ''The Security Intellectual Proposals of the Paris and the Welsh Schools'', which are considered one of the most important contemporary European monetary schools that emerged in the nineties of the twentieth century, and how did it approach the concept of security, criticizing the traditional trend that prevailed during the Cold War period regarding limiting the concept of security to the state or to the military aspect (National Security), and an attempt to expand the concept to economic, social and environmental dimensions, as well as political and military dimensions. The most important proposals that the Wales School provided are “Security as an emancipation policy”, “ individual security”, and “The ro
... Show MoreABSTRACTBackground: cochlear implants are electronic devices that convert sound energy into electrical signals to stimulate ganglion cells and cochlear nerve fibers. These devices are indicated for patients with severe to profound sensorineural hearing losses who receive little or no benefit from hearing aids. The implant basically takes over the function of the cochlear hair cells. The implant consists of external components (microphone, speech processor and transmitting coil) and internal components (receiver stimulator and electrode array). The implant is inserted via a trans mastoid facial recess approach to the round window and scala tympani.Objectives: to determine the effectiveness and safety of non fixation method in cochlear imp
... Show MoreCorruption (Definition , Characteristics , Reasons , Features , and ways of combating it)
Precision is one of the main elements that control the quality of a geodetic network, which defines as the measure of the network efficiency in propagation of random errors. This research aims to solve ZOD and FOD problems for a geodetic network using Rosenbrock Method to optimize the geodetic networks by using MATLAB programming language, to find the optimal design of geodetic network with high precision. ZOD problem was applied to a case study network consists of 19 points and 58 designed distances with a priori deviation equal to 5mm, to determine the best points in the network to consider as control points. The results showed that P55 and P73 having the minimum ellipse of error and considered as control points. FOD problem was applie
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