Objectives: Recently, there have been important advances in the clinical application of targeted hybrid near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent-radioactive tracers. ICG-99mTc-nanocolloid, for example, is already being used by some centres for sentinel lymph node biopsy in head and neck cancer. The radioactive component allows imaging at depths which would not be possible with NIR alone and, once exposed, the NIR fluorescence reporter can be imaged at very high resolution. Gamma detection is currently carried out with a separate hand-held gamma camera or with a non-imaging probe. Visualisation of NIR fluorescence during surgery requires a dedicated NIR camera, several of which are available commercially. We describe a novel hand-held hybrid NIR-gamma small field of view camera, capable of displaying co-aligned images from both modalities, which can be fused into one image or viewed separately. This study is a preliminary investigation of the performance of the fluorescence component of this camera, including phantom studies and first images from a preclinical pilot study. Methods: The hybrid camera consists of a 1500 µm thick thallium doped caesium iodide columnar (CsI:Tl) scintillator coupled to an electron multiplying charged coupled device (EMCCD). A 1.0mm diameter tungsten pinhole collimator gives a 40mm x 40mm nominal field of view for an 8mm x 8mm CCD detection area. A fluorescence camera was aligned to provide the same field of view as the gamma camera with an LED ring as the excitation source. The performance of the fluorescence imaging was quantified in this study for the fluorophores ICG and IRDye800CW (CW800) using a range of bespoke phantom experiments. In vivo images were also obtained from a preclinical study of a targeted hybrid tracer (cRGD-CW800-TCO + TCO-DOTA-111In) in mice with HT29 colorectal cancer xenografts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The portable hybrid camera prototype has been shown to successfully image dual NIR-gamma tracers using both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. With further development, this camera could be used intraoperatively, offering the benefits of gamma imaging at depth in tissues and high resolution surface NIR fluorescence imaging in a single imaging system.
In the present study waste aluminium cans were recycled and converted to produce alumina catalyst. These cans contain more than 98% aluminum oxide in their structure and were successfully synthesized to produce nano sized gamma alumina under mild conditions. A comprehensive study was carried out in order to examine the effect of several important parameters on maximum yield of alumina that can be produced. These parameters were reactants mole ratios (1.5, 1.5, 2, 3, 4 and 5), sodium hydroxide concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 55%) and weights of aluminum cans (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g). The compositions of alumina solution were determined by Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS); and maximum yield of alumina solution was 96.3% obtain
... Show MoreA new distribution, the Epsilon Skew Gamma (ESΓ ) distribution, which was first introduced by Abdulah [1], is used on a near Gamma data. We first redefine the ESΓ distribution, its properties, and characteristics, and then we estimate its parameters using the maximum likelihood and moment estimators. We finally use these estimators to fit the data with the ESΓ distribution
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In this paper, we prove that; Let M be a 2-torsion free semiprime which satisfies the condition for all and α, β . Consider that as an additive mapping such that holds for all and α , then T is a left and right centralizer.
A Monte Carlo simulation has been used to design program which simulate gamma rays backscattering system. Gamma ray backscattering is very important to get useful information about shielding, absorption and counting problems. Simulation was done of a 661.6 KeV from a collimated point source of 137Cs. When increasing the scattering angle of photon which emerging from Iron target , as the incident gamma beam angles of 15°, 45° and 75°, the results showed that the single scattering count decreases. Whereas, this count increased by increasing the incident angle. In addition, the single scattering peak (count) increases according to the sample thickness until „saturation thickness‟. Our simulation results are useful to evaluate the opt
... Show MoreX-rays fluorescence technology was used to measure the concentrations of trace and toxic elements in tobacco smoke. One sample local and eight samples were imported selected from Iraqi markets. The results proved that tobaccos contain few concentrations of element (calcium, potassium, sodium, manganese, magnesium, chlorine, and sulfur), trace concentrations of element (aluminum, vanadium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc), and toxic concentrations of element (arsenic, selenium, bromine, antimony, cadmium, mercury and lead). Results are proved the concentrations of elements of samples are lower levels with the other countries in few element like (calcium, potassium, sodium and manganese), while the other elements were hi
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The aim of this work, is to study color filming by using different intensities of fluorescent light, where we evaluate the capture image qualities for the RGB bands and component of L. And we study the relation between the means of RGBL values of the images as a function of the power of fluorescent light circuit . From the results, we show that the mean μ increases rapidly at low power values, then it will reach the stability at high power values.
The primary objective of root canal therapy is adequate biomechanical preparation of root canal system followed by 3D obturation.in clinics we are encountered with several anatomical variations, which we need to manage efficiently. One of the major factors responsible for failure of root canal therapy is missed canals. Recent technological advances have given the clinician opportunity to identify anatomical variations and treat them to satisfaction.
Background: Differentiation between malignant and benign vertebral compression fracture is often problematic. This is precisely difficult in elderly who are predisposed to benign compression caused by osteoporosis .Establishing correct diagnosis is of great importance in determining the treatment andprognosis.A study was performed to determine which magnetic resonance imaging findings are useful in discrimination between metastatic and acute osteoporotic compression fractures of the spine. Recently MRI is being increasingly used for evaluation of these fractures.Objectives: The aim of this study is to establish the correct diagnosis of malignant and benign compression vertebral fracture by MRI to determine treatment and prognosis.Methods
... Show MoreCracking of soils affects their geotechnical properties and behavior such as soil strength and stability. In this paper, 2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging Method, as a non-invasive technique, was adopted to investigate the effect of soil cracks of a centemetric scale on resistivity of sandy soil. The electrical resistivity measurements were carried out using ABEM SAS 300C Terrameter system at a laboratory scale using Wenner array. The measurements were interpreted using horizontal profiles, forward modeling and 2D inverse resistivity sections. The results showed that soil cracks cause significant changes in soil resistivity. These changes can be attributed to the high resistivity contrast between the highly resistive air-filled cracks an
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