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Interfacial Bond Strength and Morphology of Sound and Caries-affected Dentin Surfaces Bonded to Two Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cements
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SUMMARY<sec> <title>Objective

To evaluate the shear bond strength and interfacial morphology of sound and caries-affected dentin (CAD) bonded to two resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) after 24 hours and two months of storage in simulated body fluid at 37°C.

Methods and Materials

Sixty-four permanent human mandibular first molars (32 sound and 32 with occlusal caries, following the International Caries Detection and Assessment System) were selected. Each prepared substrate (sound and CAD) was conditioned (10% polyacrylic acid) and bonded to Activa BioACTIVE Restorative (Activa) and Fuji II LC (F2LC) as per the manufacturers’ instructions. Shear bond strength (SBS) was performed after 24 hours and two months of storage. The interfacial surfaces were examined using a digital microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Three-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc tests (α=0.05), and independent T-tests were used for multifactorial analysis.

Results

Activa exhibited reduced bond strength values to sound and CAD in comparison to F2LC after two time periods (p=0.01). There is a pronounced enhancement in SBS of F2LC when bonded to CAD (p=0.01) after storage, with no statistically significant effect on sound dentin (p=0.309). Activa showed stable SBS to sound and CAD immediately and post-aging (p&gt;0.05). However, the evidence of mineral-like deposits under an SEM attached to the aged, debonded dentin surfaces, thereby obliterating the exposed dentinal tubules, might support the tissue repair potential of Activa.

Conclusions

The SBS of Activa was lower than F2LC when bonded to sound and CAD, but the bonding stability and sealing ability is advantageous in minimally invasive therapy, suggesting use with a resin composite coverage when used in stress-bearing areas.

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 02 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Impact of Maternal Risk Factors on Birth Weight of Newborn in Two Maternity Hospitals in Baghdad City
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Objectives: A cross sectional analytic study was carried out to identify the maternal risk factors which
contribute to occurrence of low birth weight, and to determine the statistical significant differences between low
birth weight and maternal risk factors.
Methodology: A purposive sample of (400) woman was selected from AL-Elwyia Maternity Teaching Hospital
and Fatima Al-Zaharia Maternity and Pediatric Teaching Hospital. Data was collected through the interview of
mothers. Questionnaire format was designed and consisted seven parts, demographic variables, and reproductive
variables , Reproductive health variables, complications during the current pregnancy, the mother newborn
variables nutritional status for the m

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 04 2017
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Detection of zpx gene of Cronobacter sakazakii isolated from Clinical samples for Iraqi children under Two Years
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The study included 200 samples were collected from children under two years included (50 samples from each of Cerebrospinal fluid, Blood, Stool and Urine) from, (Central Children Hospital and Children's Protections Educational Hospital) The Iraqi Ministry of Health, the Department of Health Baghdad .the period from the first of 2015 September to the first of December 2015, Were obtained isolates bacterial subjected to the cultural, microscopic and biochemical examination and diagnosed to the species by using vitek2 system .The results showed there were contamination in 6.5% of clinical samples. The diagnosed colonies which gave pink color on the MacConkey agar, golden yellow color on the Trypton Soy agar and green color on t

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 25 2021
Journal Name
Modern Sport
The effect of physical exertion training using a vertimax device in developing the characteristic strength with speed and the skill of shooting by jumping in front - high with the hand ball for youth
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The research problem has crystallized and in light of these capabilities, the level of performance depends on the application of modern training methods based on actual experimentation, and those methods aim to develop the components of achievement in this competition, including the quantities of exerting the distinctive strength with speed for the arms and feet, which reflects on good skillful performance because the skill of shooting by jumping forward and high forms A major role in achieving goals during the competition that qualifies the team to win, and through the follow-up of the researcher in the field and academic field, I noticed that there is a weakness in some physical abilities, which affects performance and skill level

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Publication Date
Thu May 31 2018
Journal Name
International Journal Of Control And Automation
Power Flow Control of Iraqi International Super Grid with Two-Terminal HVDC Techniques Using PSS/E
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Publication Date
Thu Aug 14 2025
Journal Name
International Journal Of Latest Technology In Engineering, Management & Applied Science (ijltemas)
Temporal Trend of Congenital Heart Diseases in Iraqi Patients: An Analytic Study from Two Cardiac Institutions
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Publication Date
Mon Dec 31 2012
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Genetic Algorithm Based PID Controller Design for a Precise Tracking of Two-Axis Piezoelectric Micropositioning Stage
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 In this paper, an intelligent tracking control system of both single- and double-axis Piezoelectric Micropositioner stage is designed using Genetic Algorithms (GAs) method for the optimal Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller tuning parameters. The (GA)-based PID control design approach is a methodology to tune a (PID) controller in an optimal control sense with respect to specified objective function. By using the (GA)-based PID control approach, the high-performance trajectory tracking responses of the Piezoelectric Micropositioner stage can be obtained. The (GA) code was built and the simulation results were obtained using MATLAB environment. The Piezoelectric Micropositioner simulation model with th

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 01 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Study the Efficiency of Two Concentrations from Algae Cladophora glomerata Extract on the Giardia lamblia parasite
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Giardia lamblia parasite was isolated from the diarrhea samples of patients with Giardiasis dysentery and was developed in HSP media, four mice groups have been used to find in vivo efficacy of two concentrations (128,256) mg/ml of chlorophorm extracts from Cladophora glomerata algae against Giardia lamblia parasite  as compared with (Flagyl) by measuring several biochemical markers as ( GPT and GOT) enzymes ,sodium ,potassium and iron concentration as well as counting the number of parasitic cysts in each mice groups. The results demonstrate that levels of GPTA GOT enzymes have been decreased in mice treated with algal extract. As for the concentration of the Sodium, Potassium and Iron increased in mice treat

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 08 2002
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Study of Laser Propagation Parameters in the Underdense Plasma Region Using a Two Dimensional Simulation Code
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The propagation of laser beam in the underdense deuterium plasma has been studied via computer simulation using the fluid model. An appropriate computer code “HEATER” has been modified and is used for this purpose. The propagation is taken to be in a cylindrical symmetric medium. Different laser wavelengths (1 = 10.6 m, 2 = 1.06 m, and 3 = 0.53 m) with a Gaussian pulse type and 15 ns pulse widths have been considered. Absorption energy and laser flux have been calculated for different plasma and laser parameters. The absorbed laser energy showed maximum for  = 0.53 m. This high absorbitivity was inferred to the effect of the pondermotive force.

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 15 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Optimizing the Secure Key Rate of a Single Sequential Quantum Repeater with Two Different Quantum Memories
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Quantum channels enable the achievement of communication tasks inaccessible to their
classical counterparts. The most famous example is the distribution of secret keys. Unfortunately, the rate
of generation of the secret key by direct transmission is fundamentally limited by the distance. This limit
can be overcome by the implementation of a quantum repeater. In order to boost the performance of the
repeater, a quantum repeater based on cut-off with two different types of quantum memories is suggestd,
which reduces the effect of decoherence during the storage of a quantum state.

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
Aip Conference Proceedings
Analysis of performance measures with single channel fuzzy queues under two class by using ranking method
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