Objective: The present study was aimed to develop a pH-triggered in situ gel for local release of lidocaine hydrochloride (lidocaine HCL) in the buccal cavity to improve the anesthetic effect of this amino amide drug which has very high water solubility. The formulations were introduced to the oral cavity as a spray to improve compliance and for easier administration.Methods: In this work, two grades of carbopol (934 and 940)-based in situ gel spray were designed. The formulations containing lidocaine HCl 5% were prepared by mixing different concentrations of carbopol with xanthan gum. Eight formulations were investigated and evaluated for gelation capacity, spray angle, volume of solution delivered per each actuation, rheological properties, and release kinetic model. Similarity factor (f2) was used for the comparison of dissolution profiles.Results: The prepared formulations undergo gelation after it had been actuated to the buccal cavity as a spray solution. The results showed that, as the concentration of polymer was increased, the release of drug decreased and the viscosity increased for both grades. The spray angle and volume of solution delivered per each actuation varied according to the composition of each formulation. The in situ gel containing 0.3% carbopol 934 and 0.2% xanthan gum regarded as a better candidate which had a good gelation and release property compared to other formulations. Drug release from optimized in situ gel spray followed Korsmeyer–Peppas model and was mediated by Fickian diffusion mechanism.Conclusion: Lidocaine HCl-loaded pH-sensitive in situ gel was successfully developed using carbopol 934 as polymer to be applied to the buccal cavity as spray solution for more effective anesthetic effect and painless treatment.
The aims of the research is to know the role of strategic to manage the human resources in enhancement the process of knowledge management in the Ministry of Transportation , In addition to the effects occurred on outcomes for both the managers and practitioners .
For the purpose of achieving the objectives of the research , the researchers designed a questionnaire that included (40 Points for collecting the primary data from the sample of the research which contained (51) indiviluals. In light of that, the data was to collect and analyzed and hypotheses were tested by using the (SPSS) Program, and a number of statistical techniques was used to attain the goal of the research such as the means , Sta
... Show MoreAbstract:
This tribe had lived in Iraq since the first century A.D. Persia tried to
keep this tribe away from Iraq, but without result. The tribe managed to get
victory against Persia in the battle of Dhyqar.
When the Muslims had come to conquer Iraq, Rabi’a welcomed them
and takes part in that action.
That tribe helped the caliph Ali in the Jammal and Sifffen wars in order
to remain Iraq the center of the Islamic caliphates this tribe had felt very sad
and sorrowful when the caliphate become to the Umayyad . This tribe did not
give up, so this tribe did what could be done to help those who had revolted
against the Umayyad. Rabi’a did that in order to get ride of the Mudriat alsham,
and favored Rabi
Abstract :
The Aims of this research is to describe the concept of risk, its type and method of measurement, and to clarify the impact of these risks on the expected cash flow statement and the preparation of the target cash flow statement that takes these risks into consideration. Because the local economic environment is exposed to many risks, Therefore, this list will be predictive, which will help the economic unit to make administrative decisions, especially decisions related to operational, investment and financing activities. Therefore, the research problem is based on the fact that most of the local economic units are the list of flows According to the actual basis and not according to the discretionary basis (bud
... Show MoreBuilding Information Modeling (BIM) and Lean Construction (LC) are two quickly growing applied research areas in construction management. This study focuses on identifying the most essential benefits and analyzing the most affecting constraints on the construction sector that construction players face as they attempt to combine BIM-LC in Iraqi construction. Experts assessed 30 benefits and 28 constraints from examining the previous literature, and a two-round Delphi survey formed the responses. Expert consensus analysis was utilized to elaborate and validate responses after descriptive statistical checks had been used for data processing.
According to the study's findings, the benefits include ensuring the most ef
... Show Moreالضاد والظاء موطن تفرد العربية وفخرها ، الفت فيهما العشرات والعشرات من المصنفات الثرّة لكثرة ذرائع تلابسهما والخلط بينهما ، فهما متشابهان في هيكل البناء ، وإخراجهما متداخل على اللسان ، وألفاظهما متناظرة برحابة في الإملاء ، فضلاعن اشكالهما إلى حدّ الآن ، مما حثني على التفكير في وسائل تسهل المطروح وتمد جسراً بين أجزائه عسى أن تدنو قطافه في دفع الشبهة ومواراتها ، فتحصلت لي امور ادرتها بكلمتين مف
... Show MoreThe study aims detection teaching modalities adopted relationship in Jerash University exactly the classroom, and to achieve the goal of the study was to develop a questionnaire consisting of (39) items, and was achieving validity and reliability have, then sent to a sample of professors made up the university from (122) university professor of the total (172) professor, and they study population.
Study found a relationship between the teaching methods of the four their strategies with classroom management, and as a result the overall average level, while Hspt critical thinking at the highest correlation with classroom discipline management relationship strategy, while the relatio
... Show MoreForeign direct investment is considered one of important bases to blind economy for many. Countries as if the main stage for developing national economy ,so for this ,many of countries give great prominence to the role of drivel foreign investment due to its importance as one of economic growth pillars in the developing countries. They offer a support for modern technology, organizational and managerial skills.
Dneto the importance of direct foreign investment on the economic growth, today, we discover that Iraq in need to rebnlid the in frastructuve and renew what has been destroyed during was in many production and export institutions . as wel
... Show MoreThe study aims at knowing students’ academic assistance at the Department of Kindergarten. It further aims to know the difference of academic assistance among these students with respects to variables like (college of education for women, Baghdad, Thi-Qar). It also aims to know about the difference according to the academic level variable, in addition to its relation to some other variables. To achieve the objectives of the study, a number of university female students were selected from both Baghdad an Thi-Qar Universities in the academic year 2019-2020. The sample of the participants consisted of (400) students from the (second, third, and fourth) levels. To measure the study variable represented by the concept of academic assistance
... Show MoreThe city of Karbala is one of the most important holy places for visitors and pilgrims from the Islamic faith, especially through the Arabian visit, when crowds of millions gather to commemorate the martyrdom of Imam Hussein. Offering services and medical treatments during this time is very important, especially when the crowds head to their destination (the holy shrine of Imam Hussein (a.s)). In recent years, the Arba'in visit has witnessed an obvious growth in the number of participants. The biggest challenge is the health risks, and the preventive measures for both organizers and visitors. Researchers identified various challenges and factors to facilitating the Arba'in visit. The purpose of this research is to deal with the religious an
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