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INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT GRADES AND CONCENTRATIONS OF PH‑SENSITIVE POLYMER ON PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE AS IN SITU GEL BUCCAL SPRAY
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Objective: The present study was aimed to develop a pH-triggered in situ gel for local release of lidocaine hydrochloride (lidocaine HCL) in the buccal cavity to improve the anesthetic effect of this amino amide drug which has very high water solubility. The formulations were introduced to the oral cavity as a spray to improve compliance and for easier administration.Methods: In this work, two grades of carbopol (934 and 940)-based in situ gel spray were designed. The formulations containing lidocaine HCl 5% were prepared by mixing different concentrations of carbopol with xanthan gum. Eight formulations were investigated and evaluated for gelation capacity, spray angle, volume of solution delivered per each actuation, rheological properties, and release kinetic model. Similarity factor (f2) was used for the comparison of dissolution profiles.Results: The prepared formulations undergo gelation after it had been actuated to the buccal cavity as a spray solution. The results showed that, as the concentration of polymer was increased, the release of drug decreased and the viscosity increased for both grades. The spray angle and volume of solution delivered per each actuation varied according to the composition of each formulation. The in situ gel containing 0.3% carbopol 934 and 0.2% xanthan gum regarded as a better candidate which had a good gelation and release property compared to other formulations. Drug release from optimized in situ gel spray followed Korsmeyer–Peppas model and was mediated by Fickian diffusion mechanism.Conclusion: Lidocaine HCl-loaded pH-sensitive in situ gel was successfully developed using carbopol 934 as polymer to be applied to the buccal cavity as spray solution for more effective anesthetic effect and painless treatment.

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Energy Procedia
Calculation of Salinity and Soil Moisture indices in south of Iraq - Using Satellite Image Data
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A band rationing method is applied to calculate the salinity index (SI) and Normalized Multi-Band Drought Index (NMDI) as pre-processing to take Agriculture decision in these areas is presented. To separate the land from other features that exist in the scene, the classical classification method (Maximum likelihood classification) is used by classified the study area to multi classes (Healthy vegetation (HV), Grasslands (GL), Water (W), Urban (U), Bare Soil (BS)). A Landsat 8 satellite image of an area in the south of Iraq are used, where the land cover is classified according to indicator ranges for each (SI) and (NMDI).

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 30 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Mathematical Model, Simulation and Scale up of Batch Reactor Used in Oxidative Desulfurization of Kerosene
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   In this paper, a mathematical model for the oxidative desulfurization of kerosene had been developed. The mathematical model and simulation process is a very important process due to it provides a better understanding of a real process. The mathematical model in this study was based on experimental results which were taken from literature to calculate the optimal kinetic parameters where simulation and optimization were conducted using gPROMS software. The optimal kinetic parameters were Activation energy 18.63958 kJ/mol, Pre-exponential factor  2201.34 (wt)-0.76636. min-1  and the reaction order 1.76636. These optimal kinetic parameters were used to find the optimal reaction conditions which

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 30 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Skills and Standards of Selection and Use of Assistive Technology among Saudi Teachers of Students with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
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The purpose of the current study was to explore the standards that teachers take into consideration when selecting and using assistive technology (AT), in addition to their knowledge and skills in this area. A quantitative, descriptive survey design was used and a convenience sample of 79 teachers of students with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) participated in the current study. Based on the four main areas of the SETT Framework—student, environment, tasks, and tools—, teachers reported a lack consideration for most of the standards in each area. Among other findings, statistically significant differences were found between teachers’ standards of the SETT Framework, with teachers who had previous profe

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Publication Date
Tue May 07 2024
Journal Name
Heliyon
Micro-shear bond strength of a novel resin-modified glass ionomer luting cement (eRMGIC) functionalized with organophosphorus monomer to different dental substrates
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Objectives: This study aims to assess and compare the micro-shear bond strength (μSBS) of a novel resin-modified glass-ionomer luting cement functionalized with a methacrylate co-monomer containing a phosphoric acid group, 30 wt% 2-(methacryloxy) ethyl phosphate (2-MEP), with different substrates (dentin, enamel, zirconia, and base metal alloy). This assessment is conducted in comparison with conventional resin-modified glass ionomer cement and self-adhesive resin cement. Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, ninety-six specimens were prepared and categorized into four groups: enamel (A), dentin (B), zirconia (C), and base metal alloys (D). Enamel (E) and dentin (D) specimens were obtained from 30 human maxillary first premolars e

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Publication Date
Sun Nov 07 2021
Journal Name
Review Of International Geographical Education Online
Assessment of Information Security Risk Management System based on ISO/IEC27005 in the Independent High Electoral Commission: A Case Study
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The current research aims to study the extent to which the Independent High Electoral Commission applies to information security risk management by the international standard (ISO / IEC27005) in terms of policies, administrative and technical procedures, and techniques used in managing information security risks, based on the opinions of experts in the sector who occupy positions (General Manager The directorate, department heads and their agents, project managers, heads of divisions, and those authorized to access systems and software). The importance of the research comes by giving a clear picture of the field of information security risk management in the organization in question because of its significant role in identifying risks and s

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Scopus
Publication Date
Tue Oct 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Using Benford’s law to detecting earnings management Application on a sample of listed companies in the Iraqi market for securities
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Abstract

The net profit reported in the annual financial statements of the companies listed in the financial markets, is considered one of the Sources of information relied upon by users of accounting information in making their investment decisions. At the same time be relied upon in calculating the bonus (Incentives) granted to management, therefore the management of companies to manipulate those numbers in order to increase those bonuses associated to earnings, This practices are called earnings management practices. the manipulation in the figures of earnings by management will mislead the users  of financial statements who depend on reported earnings in their deci

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Publication Date
Thu May 31 2018
On the Use of 6th-Order Tunable Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Varactor based Filter in Ultra-Wideband Low Noise Amplifier
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Background:

The plethora of the emerged radio frequency applications makes the frequency spectrum crowded by many applications and hence the ability to detect specific application’s frequency without distortion is a difficult task to achieve.

Objective:

The goal is to achieve a method to mitigate the highest interferer power in the frequency spectrum in order to eliminate the distortion.

Method:

This paper presents the application of the proposed tunable 6th-order notch filter on Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) Low Noise

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
DISPERSIVE LIQUID LIQUID MICRO EXTRACTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF TELMESARTAN AND IRBESARTAN IN PHARMACEUTICALS SAMPLES: DISPERSIVE LIQUID LIQUID MICRO EXTRACTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF TELMESARTAN AND IRBESARTAN IN PHARMACEUTICALS SAMPLES
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The current work is characterized by simplicity, accuracy and high sensitivity Dispersive liquid - Liquid Micro Extraction (DLLME). The method was developed to determine Telmesartan (TEL) and Irbesartan (IRB) in the standard and pharmaceutical composition. Telmesartan and Irbesartan are separated prior to treatment with Eriochrom black T as a reagent and formation ion pair reaction dye. The analytical results of DLLME method for linearity range (0.2- 6.0) mg /L for both drugs, molar absorptivity were (1.67 × 105-    5.6 × 105) L/ mole. cm, limit of detection were (0.0242and0.0238), Limit of quantification were (0.0821and0.0711), the Distribution coefficient were

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2015
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
Iraqi national identity: the past and the present crises .. The causes and treatments
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لخلاصة تشغل قضايا الهوية محور اهتمام الكثير من الباحثين والدارسين في بنية المجتمعات ومستقبل الدول, وفي كثير من الدراسات التي كتبها هؤلاء كان هناك ميل نحو دراسة الهوية وعلاقتها بحركة الدول تقدما وتراجعا ,فهناك من عزا تقدم دولة ما إلى نجاح نخبها السياسية في صناعة هوية جامعة لحالة التنوع الذي يميز مجتمعها, ويمكن ان تشير الى الولايات المتحدة الامريكية كأنموذج للنجاح في هذا الاطار.وهناك من ارجع

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Publication Date
Sat Aug 31 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Quality assurance of the linear accelerator device using Star Track and Perspex
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In this study, the quality assurance of the linear accelerator available at the Baghdad Center for Radiation Therapy and Nuclear Medicine was verified using Star Track and Perspex. The study was established from August to December 2018. This study showed that there was an acceptable variation in the dose output of the linear accelerator. This variation was ±2% and it was within the permissible range according to the recommendations of the manufacturer of the accelerator (Elkta).

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