Objective: The present study was aimed to develop a pH-triggered in situ gel for local release of lidocaine hydrochloride (lidocaine HCL) in the buccal cavity to improve the anesthetic effect of this amino amide drug which has very high water solubility. The formulations were introduced to the oral cavity as a spray to improve compliance and for easier administration.Methods: In this work, two grades of carbopol (934 and 940)-based in situ gel spray were designed. The formulations containing lidocaine HCl 5% were prepared by mixing different concentrations of carbopol with xanthan gum. Eight formulations were investigated and evaluated for gelation capacity, spray angle, volume of solution delivered per each actuation, rheological properties, and release kinetic model. Similarity factor (f2) was used for the comparison of dissolution profiles.Results: The prepared formulations undergo gelation after it had been actuated to the buccal cavity as a spray solution. The results showed that, as the concentration of polymer was increased, the release of drug decreased and the viscosity increased for both grades. The spray angle and volume of solution delivered per each actuation varied according to the composition of each formulation. The in situ gel containing 0.3% carbopol 934 and 0.2% xanthan gum regarded as a better candidate which had a good gelation and release property compared to other formulations. Drug release from optimized in situ gel spray followed Korsmeyer–Peppas model and was mediated by Fickian diffusion mechanism.Conclusion: Lidocaine HCl-loaded pH-sensitive in situ gel was successfully developed using carbopol 934 as polymer to be applied to the buccal cavity as spray solution for more effective anesthetic effect and painless treatment.
Abstract:
Since the railway transport sector is very important in many countries of the world, we have tried through this research to study the production function of this sector and to indicate the level of productivity under which it operates.
It was found through the estimation and analysis of the production function Kub - Duglas that the railway transport sector in Iraq suffers from a decline in the level of productivity, which was reflected in the deterioration of the level of services provided for the transport of passengers and goods. This led to the loss of the sector of importance in supporting the national economy and the reluctance of most passengers an
... Show More
Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is the refractive technique that began with a physical scraping of the epithelial layer of cornea subsequent by laser treatment. Post this procedure to about 48 hours the removed epithelial layer regenerated to protect the eye again. The regeneration process (called re-epithelization) started from the limbus of the cornea toward the central part of it. The re-epithelization mechanism consists of a change in cell density (mitosis) and cell concentration (migration) with a velocity in two directions: radial and tangential. In the present study, an estimation for both radial (responsible for the overlapped layers toward the outward direction of the cornea) and tangential comp
... Show More
The purpose of this research is to design a list of the scientific and moral values that should be found in the content of the computer textbook for the second intermediate grade, as well as to analyze the content of the above- mentioned book by answering the following question:
What is the percentage of availability of scientific and moral values in the content of the computer textbook for Second Intermediate grade issued by the Iraqi Ministry of Education / the general directorate of the curriculum, for the academic year (2017-2018)?
In order to achieve the research objectives, the descriptive method (content analysis method) was adopted. The research community has been iden
... Show MoreArtichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a nutritious vegetable that grown all over the world. It is a promising herbal plant, rich in bioactive components. It is considered as medicinal plant due to its nutritional and phytochemical composition, especially high proportion of phenolic compounds. The primary aim of this study was to achieve chemical profile analyses of artichoke for different phytochemcials, especially Scolymoside and Cynaroside. Methanolic crude was extracted from Artichoke leaves by rotary evaporator and separated by column chromatography. The fractions monitored by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), and identified in High-Pressure Liquid Chroma
... Show MoreMammary tumors (CMT) in dogs in Iraq may be induced by carcinogenic war ordnance. In our study, 10 virgin un- spayed military/pet bitches aged 5-15 years presented with abnormal masses in the abdomen with painful oedema, swelling, anorexia, weight loss, weakness and mild fever. Examination of regional lymph nodes and thoracic radiography confirmed metastasis. Tumors were excised and determined to be mostly adenocarcinomas involving multiple glands, solid in texture, 5-15 cm in size, mostly in the inguinal mammary glands at stage T3: >5 cm. Microscopy confirmed presence of adenocarcinoma in 8 dogs and solid carcinoma in 2 with half of tumors being grade III. Tumors had pleomorphic hyperchromatic cell nuclei in stroma, epithelial cells of duc
... Show More
(11)
(10)
A simple analytical method was used in the present work for the simultaneous quantification of Ciprofloxacin and Isoniazid in pharmaceutical preparations. UV-Visible spectrophotometry has been applied to quantify these compounds in pure and mixture solutions using the first-order derivative method. The method depends on the first derivative spectrophotometry using zero-cross, peak to baseline, peak to peak and peak area measurements. Good linearity was shown in the concentration range of 2 to 24 μg∙mL-1 for Ciprofloxacin and 2 to 22 μg∙mL-1 for Isoniazid in the mixture, and the correlation coefficients were 0.9990 and 0.9989 respectively using peak area mode. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) wer
... Show More
(12)
(7)
Thirty nine hyperlipoproteinemic (HPLic) male subject aged (48-63) year not on any of the lipid lowering drugs, attending out patient clinic at Baghdad Teaching Hospital, were included in the present study, in addition to twenty two normolipidimic male subjects of matched age were included as control throughout this study. The first part of this study was devoted to the classification of the HPLic subjects according to the serum lipid and lipoprotein profile following defined criteria. The lipid parameter including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were investigated in serum of HPLic subjects included in the study. The classification was performed according to Fred
... Show More