Commercial graphite (CGT) powder was used as an adsorbent surface for cationic dye, Janus green (JG), from aqueous solutions. This study aims to highlight the practical significance of using inexpensive CGT as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of JG dye from industrial wastewater. CGT was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The adsorption process was investigated by examining parameters like the weight of the adsorbent, contact time, and temperature. Pseudo-second-order kinetic (PSO), pseudo-first-order, and intraparticle diffusion were used for analyzing the kinetic data. JG dye's adsorption kinetics fit the PSO kinetic model well (R2= 0.999). Furthermore, the thermodynamic functions such as entropy (ΔS*), enthalpy (ΔH*), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG*) were evaluated. The positive value of (ΔH*) confirms that the adsorption process is endothermic. Also, the positive value of ΔS* suggests an increase in randomness at the solid-liquid interface during dye adsorption, and non-spontaneous as evidenced by positive ΔG* values of 76.686, 76.130, 75.574, and 75.018 kJ/mol at different temperatures. Two segment-linear plots have been used to describe the intraparticle diffusion analysis of JG adsorption onto CGT, and the plot does not meet the origin point, indicating that the intraparticle diffusion was not the only controlling step. Based on the calculated value of ΔH*= 92.701 kJ/mol, which means that the adsorption is a chemical type. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms were studied for their isothermal behavior. Also, the equilibrium state is attained in 45 minutes. At 318.15 K, the maximum removal percentage of JG achieved is 99.96%, indicating that the graphite surface is suitable as an adsorbent surface for removing JG dye in the temperature range studied
Background: The aim of this study was to measure the radiopacity (RO) of modified microhybrid composite resins by adding 2 types of nanofillers (Zinc Oxide and Calcium Carbonate) in two concentrations 3% and 5% and comparing them to unmodified microhybrid composite resins and to nanofilled composite resin. Materials and Methods: Two types of composite resin were used (Microhybrid composite MH Quadrent anterior shine and Nanofilled composite resin Filtek Z350 XT), for each tested group five disk-shaped specimens (1-mm-thick and 15 mm diameter) were fabricated. The material samples were radiographed together with the aluminum step wedge. The density of the specimens was determined with a transmission densitometer and was expressed in term of
... Show MoreIt is an analytical study carried out at university of Basra using a sample included the dean ,assistants and managers of scientific dept. in the university for about(63)managers .The study aimed at discovering a model of crises management in the university.The researcher adopted the descriptive survey methodology.To achieve the objective of the study ,a questionnaire of (41)statements was developed covering five main variables like ,signal detection, prevention and preparedness, response, recovery and learning .The validity of the questionnaire was done by a group of referees .Its stability was determined by Cronbach,s Alfa .The questionnair,s stability coefficient was(0.
... Show MoreClerodendron inerme is used for the treatment for many diseases such as dysentery, heart diseases, AIDS, cancers, and others. Aim of this research was to determine the antibacterial and antioxidant activities the leaf alkaloids of Clerodendron inerme. To evaluate the antibacterial effects, Well diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration were used to test antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.For antioxidant activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity assay was used a standard method. GC-MS analysis was used to identify alkaloids. Alkaloid component from the leaves of C. inerme exhibited significant inhibition zo
... Show MoreThis research deals with compound sentences in the German language and how to transform them and transfer them into a main sentence, touching on their functions and characteristics. Actual to nominative, which is a unique feature of the German language, with some diverse examples taken from various sources.This case is distinguished, like other grammatical cases
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This experiment presented essential oils by GC/MS, pigment content, and their antioxidant activities as well as sensory evaluation of delight samples. Limonene (66.88%) was the most prevalent yield. The peels of clementine had DPPH and ABT Scavenging activity. All levels of pigment extract had better scores for all sensory values and recorded acceptable scores in terms of appearance, color, aroma, and overall acceptability compared to control delight. Besides, delight samples containing 15 mg astaxanthin pigment extract showed maximum sensory scores compared to other samples and control delight. On the other hand, the product was less acceptable to the panelists compared to control in the case of the addition of 3.75 mg astaxanthin pigme
... Show MoreThis work investigates the utilization of waste papers (natural and industrial) i.e (citrus aurantium and papers A4) mortars containing specified contents 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% of waste papers were prepared and cured. Mechanical characteristics such as compressive and bending strengths, hardness and water absorption were determined for the mortars mixed with the waste papers and compared with those obtained from the pure mortars. Results showed that the addition of waste paper leads to increase the hardness to (69 - 68.5) shore D for (natural and industrial) wastes materials respectively comparing with pure specimen 66 shore D. The compressed strength of the mortar cement specimen cured for 28 days from 13 MPa to (17-18) MPa for (natural and in
... Show MoreWith increasing population and development, the resources of fossil fuels decreased, leading to the need to find alternative sources of energy. Furthermore, the use of fossil fuels is accompanied by several downsides including environmental fatality associated with toxic gas emissions from diesel engines and continuous increase of the price of diesel fuel. Biodiesel is one of the most important types of renewable energy that replaces the fossil fuel requirement (mineral diesel) and maintains eco-friendly sustainability. Calcium is an essential plant nutrient as it plays an important role in the formation of plant cell walls and membranes. Therefore, the fallen leaves of mango tree can be utilized to produce nano calcium oxide a
... Show MoreAbstract: The natural dye, Curcumin, was extracted from Curcuma longa using as a sensitizer in two types of dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC), and their characteristics were studied. The absorption spectrum of the dye solutions, as well as the wavelength of the maximum absorbance of the dye loaded TiO2 film has been studied. The X-Ray diffraction pattern of TiO2 film made with Doctor-Blading technique shown that the grain size of TiO2 was equal to be 40 nm. The electrical performances in terms of short circuit current, open circuit voltage and power conversion efficiency of cells were investigated.