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Intellectual property rights and its implications for the pharmaceutical industry in Iraq under accession to the World Trade Organization
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The main risks arising from the WTO Agreement are the inequality and lack of competitiveness of most pharmaceutical goods, as well as the fact that Iraq is a net importer of medicines that are at the core of consumer needs, The subject matter of the Convention on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights and its implications for the pharmaceutical industry, in particular, coinciding with the situation of financial and administrative corruption, all of which has resulted in drug fraud in the Iraqi market and its impact on public health. The control of medical technology, the persistence of the technological gap and its effects on high price levels, and the fact that domestic drug producers are obliged to obtain production licenses from global companies in the light of limited access to pharmaceutical research and development. The research aims at the impact of economic liberalization within the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its negative effects on consumers by highlighting the economic and social effects on consumption by raising prices and monopolies and restricting the volume of consumer demand because of the loss of the competitive advantage of pharmaceutical goods. Iraq's unwillingness to accede to the International Convention for the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the deterioration of the pharmaceutical industry meant increased dependence on the outside, increased trade deficits, higher price levels, and its adverse effects on consumers. Iraq finds it difficult for developed countries to use their intellectual rights as well as restrict industrial and agricultural work because production and production methods are now subject to their intellectual property protection law, which prevents any possible industrial development. The most significant potential short-term impact of TRIPS is the decline in drug production, which continues to be protected. The great challenge for drug producers is the need to obtain licenses from parent companies because of limited R & D potential. In the long run, the negative effects of TRIPS will be greater than in the short term, as they will create a major challenge for Iraqi pharmaceutical companies, namely, the need to obtain production licenses from parent companies to produce protected medicines. However, limited R & D potential for local firms The small size of the domestic market and the high cost of production discourages global companies from entering into alliances with Iraqi pharmaceutical companies. This reduces the potential for achieving the desired benefit of the TRIPS Convention for developing countries, including Iraq, by encouraging and attracting global investment to these countries. The mechanisms of the system of international relations, in particular the Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the World Trade Organization (WTO), have brought debtor countries under the control of creditor States and have imposed economic and social costs on them as a result of adapting to global trends. However, the growing interdependence and interdependence of the world economy 59 Volume: 12, Issue: 1, January-March 2022 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES have led to increased risks and the spread of economic and financial crises and to the departure of globalization mechanisms from finding solutions to the economic and social problems of poor countries. review trade, investment, and exchange rate laws and reform legal, administrative, and financial systems. Priority should be given to strengthening the functional structure and combating economic crime and industrial and commercial fraud. Support, protection, and State sponsorship of domestic pharmaceutical industries, development of appropriate policies, and attention to market research to counter the negative effects of the WTO Convention and intellectual property protection laws. and the establishment of research and development centers to control drug technology, which will lead to capacity development to enhance competitive advantage, taking into account the importance of improving the quality and quality of products, their technical specifications, and their alignment with global changes.

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The social organization of the Iraqi society "sociological study on the social arrangement in light of sociological analysis of some deviant behavior theories"
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The current article focuses on studying the social organization reality of the Iraqi society; it aims to construct an Iraqi organized personality that believe in the principles of Islamic religion by making use of the sociology thoughts in explaining the strength of social organization, and the causes of social deviance in attempt of decreasing the deviance and strengthening the cohesion of Iraqi character.

The researchers put forward some questions: to what extent the western theoretical pattern can succeed in explaining the social organization of the Iraqi society? What is the more appropriate western theory for diagnosing the cohesion and deviance of the society? What is the s

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
STUDY OF YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS OF INTRODUCED VARIETIES OF MAIZE UNDER DIFFERENT PLANTING DENSITIES: STUDY OF YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS OF INTRODUCED VARIETIES OF MAIZE UNDER DIFFERENT PLANTING DENSITIES
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In order to evaluate the performance of introduced varieties of maize and test them under different levels of plant density, and to determine which of the introduced varieties give a high yield and at what plant density, a field experiment was carried out at Station A in the Department of Field Crops- College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad- Jadiriyah, for the fall season 2021, the RCBD design was used with four replications, in a split plot arrangement, the three plant densities (50.000, 70.000, and 90.000 Plant s ha-1) were the main plates, while the varieties represented the secondary factor, which is six varieties of maize, class 2 = 5783 DKC, Class 3 = 6315 DKC, Class 4= 6590 DKC, whic

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Publication Date
Mon May 20 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
Rural Colonization In Iraq Study Of The Rural Colonization To The Kubeisah
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Iraq is considered the origin of civilization first colonies have been cited in its northern parts , when the first attempt in agriculture and animal breeding were began ,and the cave , were taken as houses. That time the first agricultural colony were colonized in Kirkuk and Mussel . There colonies have been developed to be villages which had another activities in addition to the main activity which was agriculture . The distribution without any administrative planning . Lately , the stochastic distribution starting to disappear due to the planning of cities and their to rural surrounding. This study is involved in the analysis of the patterns of the location distribution of the villages , and the form that taken by the village

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Publication Date
Mon Nov 19 2018
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Cryptography by Using"Hosoya"Polynomials for"Graphs Groups of Integer Modulen and"Dihedral Groups with'Immersion"Property
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      In this paper we used Hosoya polynomial ofgroupgraphs Z1,...,Z26 after representing each group as  graph and using Dihedral group to"encrypt the plain texts with the immersion property which provided Hosoya polynomial to immerse the cipher text in another"cipher text to become very"difficult to solve.

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Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Mar 01 2023
Journal Name
Egyptian Journal Of Chemistry
First- and Second-Derivative Spectrophotometry for Simultaneous Determination of lorazepam and clonazepam in pharmaceutical formulations
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The present study describes employing zero-, 1st - and 2nd -order derivative spectrophotometric methods have been developed for determination of lorazepam (LORA) and clonazepam (CLON) in commercially available tablets. LORA was determined by means of 1st (D1), 2nd (D2) derivative spectrophotometric techniques using zero cross, peak height, and Peak area. D1 used for the determination of CLON by using zero cross and peak height while D2 (zero cross) was used for the determination of CLON. The method was established to be linear in concentration containing different ratios of LORA and CLON range of (20-200 mg/L) and (5-35 mg/L) at wavelength range (250 -370 nm), (210-370nm) respectively. The proposed techniques are highly sensitive, precise a

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 29 2022
Journal Name
Egyptian Journal Of Chemistry
First- and Second-Derivative Spectrophotometry for Simultaneous Determination of lorazepam and clonazepam in pharmaceutical formulations.
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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Methods And Objects Of Chemical Analysis
Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination For Simultaneous Estimation Of Isoniazid And Ciprofloxacin In Mixture And Pharmaceutical Formulation
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A simple analytical method was used in the present work for the simultaneous quantification of Ciprofloxacin and Isoniazid in pharmaceutical preparations. UV-Visible spectrophotometry has been applied to quantify these compounds in pure and mixture solutions using the first-order derivative method. The method depends on the first derivative spectrophotometry using zero-cross, peak to baseline, peak to peak and peak area measurements. Good linearity was shown in the concentration range of 2 to 24 μg∙mL-1 for Ciprofloxacin and 2 to 22 μg∙mL-1 for Isoniazid in the mixture, and the correlation coefficients were 0.9990 and 0.9989 respectively using peak area mode. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) wer

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Scopus (14)
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Publication Date
Fri Jun 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Geological Journal
Integrated Core and Log Data to Determine the Reservoir Flow Unit and Rock Facies for Mishrif Formation in South Eastern Iraq
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This work represents study the rock facies and flow unit classification for the Mishrif carbonate reservoir in Buzurgan oil Field, which located n the south eastern Iraq, using wire line logs, core samples and petrophysical data (log porosity and core permeability). Hydraulic flow units were identified using flow zone indicator approach and assessed within each rock type to reach better understanding of the controlling role of pore types and geometry in reservoir quality variations. Additionally, distribution of sedimentary facies and Rock Fabric Number along with porosity and permeability was analyzed in three wells (BU-1, BU-2, and BU-3). The interactive Petrophysics - IP software is used to assess the rock fabric number, flow zon

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Dumping Policy & Its Impact In The Development of Agricultural Production In Iraq (2003- 2009)
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Dumping policy considered as one of the policies occurs severe damages to the developing countries apparently this is happens due to the potential weakness in (productive, technical, legislative, legal institutions) comparing with other developed countries who are members in WTO.

Iraq consider as one of the developing countries that has been effected by the dumping policy, the events in Iraq since downfall of the formal regime, and the allied forces domination of Iraq have all together accelerated in the apace of deterioration , particularly , after the temporary coalition authority  has forced Iraq to adopt a free foreign trade policy& exclusion of the state from the market mechanism & to consolidate import and deac

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Crossref
Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
Exploring the Effects of European Union Conditionality Language on European Mediterranean Human Rights Dialogue
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Since more than a decade, human rights dialogue in the European Mediterranean Region has been marked by a number of tensions. Although a number of factors contribute to such disputes, the effect of human rights conditionality, which ties EU economic cooperation progression with partner countries human rights advancement, on the dialogue has not been studied. Understanding the aspects, impacts, and effects of conditionality on Euro-Med relations is crucial for furthering dialogue. Yet this variable has been almost entirely neglected in academic and policy research. The research concludes several direct and indirect impacts of conditionality on human rights dialogue using a mixed methodology approach. Direct effects are reflected in the wi

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