This experiment was carried out at the apple orchard - College of Agricultural Engineering Science - University of Baghdad during the growing seasons 2017 and 2018.  A factorial experiment was conducted within a Randomized Complete Block Design using three replicates and two factors, factor (S) which stands for trees sprayed with potassium silicate as a source of silicon at four levels (0, 2, 4 and 6 ml L^-1), while factor (C) represents trees sprayed with a Calcium and Boron combination using three concentrations (0, 0.5 g L^-1 Ca-EDTA +10 mg L^-1 B, and 1 g L^-1 Ca-EDTA+20 mg L^-1 B). Main results showed that silicon had a significant effect on Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassi

The manual classification of oranges according to their ripeness or flavor takes a long time; furthermore, the classification of ripeness or sweetness by the intensity of the fruit’s color is not uniform between fruit varieties. Sweetness and color are important factors in evaluating the fruits, the fruit’s color may affect the perception of its sweetness. This article aims to study the possibility of predicting the sweetness of orange fruits based on artificial intelligence technology by studying the relationship between the RGB values of orange fruits and the sweetness of those fruits by using the Orange data mining tool. The experiment has applied machine learning algorithms to an orange fruit image dataset and performed a co

Correct grading of apple slices can help ensure quality and improve the marketability of the final product, which can impact the overall development of the apple slice industry post-harvest. The study intends to employ the convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures of ResNet-18 and DenseNet-201 and classical machine learning (ML) classifiers such as Wide Neural Networks (WNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), and two kernels of support vector machines (SVM) to classify apple slices into different hardness classes based on their RGB values. Our research data showed that the DenseNet-201 features classified by the SVM-Cubic kernel had the highest accuracy and lowest standard deviation (SD) among all the methods we tested, at 89.51 %  1.66 %. This

This study was carried out at the Dept. Hortic. and Land.Gard., Coll. Agric. Eng.Sci., University of Baghdad during fall season of 2019-2020, in order to evaluate the effect of nutrient solution type under hydroponic system (NFT) on growth, yield and quality of broccoli Brassica oleracea var.italica. Two experiments were carried out which were the standard solution experiment (Cooper) and the alternative solution experiment (ABEER) prepared from fertilizers. Results revealed that  the type of solution used in the hydroponics system had non significant effect on the leaves content of N,K, Mg, Fe, Cu, B, Chlorophyll, leaves number, root length, weight of the main heads, number of side heads were not significantly affected. 13nt, refl

One of the goals of adding adjuvants to agricultural spray solutions is to enhance the droplet size characteristics of this spray. Droplet size, in turn, has an influence in the deposited spray quality, in addition to the drift and losses of spray to off-target places. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of adding adjuvants to two types of water from different sources on the droplet size characteristics. Two types of adjuvants were employed in the tests: the active substance content of the first adjuvant was a 50% aqueous solution of sodium salt of alkylbenzenesulfonic acid—10% (HY), whereas the second was from rapeseed oil (natural origin)—85% (OL). Both adjuvants were tested in two concentrations: the first was

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of surface sprinkler and drip irrigation systems using a model AquaCrop, irrigation intervals, bio-organic fertilizers and polymers in desert soils. Two field experiments were conducted during the spring season 2020 at Karbala governorate. The experiment included three factors: 1-Irrigation system surface drip T₁ and sprinkler T₂, 2- The Irrigation interval: every 2 days I₁, 4 days I₂ and 6 days I₃, 3- Addition of soil conditioners: control without any addition C, bio-organic fertilizers (seek) B, polymer (zeba) P, and polymer+ bio-organic fertilizers P+B. The experiment was desi

This research was aimed to study the impact of modern technologies represented by (High-productivity improved seeds, fertilizer of leaves, Atlantis pesticide) on increasing production both quantitatively and qualitatively. The importance of the research comes from take a set of programs and use some modern technologies in order to increase the productivity of the donum for the purpose of vertical increase of production per unit area. The problem of the research was the low rate of wheat crop productivity for Iraq compared to global productivity rates, and given the importance of achieving self-sufficiency in wheat from local production due to the decreasing globa

Among the undesirable effects of soil compaction is a measurable reduction in plant growth and crop yield. The prevailing belief is that compacted tillage pans are caused by repetitive farming practices, heavy tractors, tillage tools, and field traffic. This experiment was conducted to determine and map the hardpan layers across an agricultural field through advanced technologies of precision agriculture. These valuable techniques such as data logger, yield map, and data analysis of performance indicators were linked with accurate global positioning systems (GPS) datasets. These important technologies provided the farmers and helped them to identify and manage areas of the fields with higher compacted layers. Three ground speeds 4.3

The consumption of fresh fruits has increased nowadays due to the lifestyle of the consumers. Maintaining the quality and nutritional value of cut fruits during storage is difficult compared to whole fruits. Deterioration of internal and external quality usually occurs in freshly harvested fruits. It is necessary to use different techniques to maintain the quality and increase the shelf life of the freshly cut product. This research studied the effect of treating apple slices with cold plasma once and with filtered water again on quality characteristics (hardness, moisture content, sugar content, carbohydrate content, and color) after being stored for five days. The best treatment was determined using two different pressures of the plasma j

This study was carried out at University of Baghdad - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - research station B during the fall season of 2019-2020, in order to evaluate the effect of Ozone enrichment and the foliar application of organic nutrient  on nutrient and water use efficiency and fertilizer productivity of broccoli plant using the modified NFT film technology. A factorial experiment (2*5) was carried out within Nested Design with three replicates. The ozone treatment was distributed into the main plots which consisted of oxygen (O₂) and ozone (O₃). The foliar application of organic nutrients were distributed randomly within each replicate including five treatments, whic

A field experiment was carried out in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad, during the fall season of 2021 to find out which cultivated cultivars of maize are efficient under nitrogen fertilization. The experiment was applied according to an RCBD (split-plot design with three replications). The cultivars of the experiment (Baghdad, 5018, Sarah) supply three levels of nitrogen fertilizer, which are N1 (100 kg.N/ha), N2 (200 kg.N/ha) and N3 (300 kg.N/ha). The statistical analysis results showed the superiority of the Sarah genotype, which gave the highest value of SOD and CAT enzymes, reaching 11.59 units mg-1 and 10.76 units mg-1 . Protein sequentially, while cultivar5018 outperformed as it gave th

ABSTRACT: Protein isolate was achieved from local peeled non soaked pumpkins seeds by using petroleum ether with protein percentage of 53.15%. Protein isolate was used in manufacturing meat burger with two substitution10 and 20%. The shrinkage percentage for burger diameter was decreased from 25.5 to 16.6%, the sample with 10% substitution was distinguished in water holding capacity (WHC) which was 54.52%. Sensitive evaluation for these samples showed that the burger with 10% substitution was similar to the control.

The crude enzyme Nattokinase produced by Bacillus subtilis was used in ripening cheddar cheese by adding three concentration of enzyme 80, 160 and 320mg/Kg beside the control treatment without enzyme, the product was checked for three months to determine humidity, protein, fat, non-protein nitrogen, soluble nitrogen and pH, sensory evaluation was conducted, it was noticed that the variety in protein percentages and the soluble nitrogen percentage during second month of ripening for T2, T3 and T4 treatments were (11.2, 15.54 and 18.48) respectively, in comparison with control which was 7.6%, while in the third month it was (17.37, 20.67 and 22.26) respectively, in comparison with control which was only 10%, on the other hand, non-protein

Laboratory experiment was conducted using silty clay loam soil collected from Agriculture fields in Abu Ghraib to study the release of phosphorus from rock phosphate (10.22 P%) on  a soil treated with three types of organic fertilizers namely; peat moss , sheep manure  , poultry manure and  control treatment (soil only). Ten grams of air dried soil  mixed with 100 mg of ground rock phosphate  and  organic fertilizers added at 2.5% level (w:w) were  incubated at a laboratory temperature (298 K ) after adding  water  up  to two-thirds of the field capacity for 40, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days. Citric  acide  soluble  available phosphorous  was estimated after each i

This experiment was conducted to study the association of Ghrelin gene polymorphisms and expression levels with some productive and carcass traits of broiler chickens. Two hundred broiler chicks, one day old Ross308, were wing-tagged and reared under conventional conditions. Blood samples were collected individually of all birds to study of ghrelin gene polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP technique. Proventriculus was collected at 35 days of age from thirty birds of each groups sorted according to high, moderate and low growth rate to measure ghrelin gene expression by real-time RT-PCR. Result revealed that final body weight and weight gain were not significantly influenced by ghrelin gene , whereas body weight and weight gain of males and

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer, organic root stimulator and gibberellic acid on some growth characters of peach saplings cv. Red June for two consecutive seasons 2017-2018 at College of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of Baghdad. Different nitrogen (Urea 46%N) rates (0,50,75 gm) with three concentrations of organic stimulator (0,0.5,1 gm.L^-1) and two rates of Ga3 (0,50 mg.L^-1) were applied in a factorial scheme (3×3×2). Results revealed that the individual and interactive effect of applying nitrogen, root stimulator and GA3 significantly increased the studied characters, the interaction at N2D1G1 has improve

The Gravity Model considered one of the important models in foreign trade, because it is used to explain the most important determinants of the state export of it’s exporting goods and determine competitive state for exports of the country in world market of its exports, besides it give an idea about most important countries in exporting export goods. The study aims to determine most important factors affecting on flow of Iraqi skins to world market, and measuring influence of these factors and determine suitable model to understand most important determinants of foreign trade of Iraqi skins with most important trading partners. The study proved that per capita of GDP, quantity of commodity pro

Three different calcareous rocks consist mainly of calcite C, dolomite D and its combination C,D were chosen. Rocks Samples Were treated with different concentration of salt Soluations, included CaCl₂ (0.2,0.05 molar) (applied to dolomite samples), MgCl₂ (applied to calcite samples), and combination of these two salts which applied for both (D-Dolomite and C-Calcite). Other samples from carbonate minerals were treated and incubated with FeSO₄.7H₂O and Fe-EDDHA at 20Mg^-1 mineral. These treated samples subjected to sequence of wetting and drying for 120 days under saturated CO₂ atmosphere. At the end of incubation period these samples were air dried and used

An experiment was conducted at the vegetable  field, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, Collage of Agriculture, University of Bagdad, to study the response of two cultivars of okra for different types of covering and their effect on growth, early and total yield. Two cultivars of okra ( Lahloba and Batra) were used, Two soil mulchs (with or without black mulch), and two tunnels cover (white and Agryl-17) were tested. This study was designed as a factorial (2*2*2) within RCBD with three replicates (24 experimental units).Results indicated: black soil mulch+ white cover treatment significantly increased the speed and percentage of germination, plant highest, leaves number, dry weight of the vegetative parts gi