The research aimed to measure the loss and waste of wheat farms, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Although, loss has become a frightening reality due to the loss of large quantities of food produced by humans for human consumption, so Iraq possesses material capabilities, natural resources, and human beings, it is not self-sufficient, and the reason is the low yield per dounm of wheat, as the productivity rate ranged to 650 kg / dounm for the period 1990-2019. The one of the most important reasons for the decline in productivity is the loss and waste of wheat of post- harvest. And to identify the most important factors that work to reduce post-harvest wheat losses for wheat farmers at Baghdad, by use explorator

A field experiment was carried out during two spring seasons in 2019 and 2020. This study was aimed to increase dry matter weight and crop growth rate of maize. First factor in main plots was nutrition vegetative parts with ascorbic and citric (100 mg l^-1) for both of them and humic (1 ml l^-1), in addition to the control treatment (spraying of vegetative parts with distilled water only). Second factor in sub-plots was seeds soaking with same acids above, as well as the control treatment (soaking the seeds with distilled water only). Randomize complete block design in split plot arrangement was used with three replications. The results showed a significant superiority of seeds soaking in humi

There is growing interest among farmers to locally produce high protein and strong gluten wheat that is suitable for bread making and meet the demand of local artisanal bakers in Kentucky. The warm and humid weather in southeast region is ideal for soft red winter wheat (SRW) production which characterized by low protein content. The technique of splitting nitrogen (N) fertilization according to the growth stages has been suggested to improve protein content and its composition. This study evaluated the effect of split N application on yield and baking quality traits of two SRW wheat cultivars grown in the eastern U.S. region in conventional and organic cropping systems. One landrace (Purple Straw) and one modern cultivar (Pembro

A field study was conducted on 2 hectare area at Al- Rashid district, south of Baghdad to analyze the spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), initial infiltration rate (IR), Porosity (F) and bulk density (BD). Based on measured BD values Rosetta software was used in this study to estimate water retention parameters, water content at θ₃₃ and θ₁₅₀₀ kPa and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at 33 kPa(k₃₃), 100 kPa(k₁₀₀) and  1500 kPa(k₁₅₀₀) according to Van Genuchten-Mualem model.  Measured and predicted data were analyzed both statistically and geostatistically and, the result

This study was carried out at University of Baghdad - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - Research Station B during the autumn season 2019-2020, in order to evaluate the effect of Ozone and the foliar application of coconut water and moringa extract on the growth of broccoli plant grown in modified NFT film technology. A factorial experiment (2*5) was carried out within Nested Design with three replicates. The ozone treatment was distributed into the main plots which consisted of oxygen (O₂) and ozone (O₃). The foliar application of organic nutrients were distributed randomly within each replicate including five treatments, which were the control treatment (T0), Coconut water with two concentratio

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm, Dept. of Field Crop, Coll. of Agriculture of Engineering Sciences, University of  Baghdad, Al-Jadiriya, Iraq during the winter seasons of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, to study the effect of brassinolide on some vegetative growth traits of  the bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. variety Rasheed by determining the best soaking periods and the spraying stage to production efficiency. A split plot arrangements were carried out according to RCBD design with three replicates, where the main plots contained three soaking periods of brassinolide (concentration 1 mg L^-1 ) 6,12,18 hours, as

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental field, Dept. of Field Crops, Coll. of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadiriya, Iraq, during the winter seasons of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, to study the effect of foliar application of moringa leaves extract at different stages of growth and its reflection on yield and quality of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) var. Rasheed by determining best concentration and the spraying stage to raise the efficiency of production. A split plot arrangements was used according to RCBD design with three replicates, where the main plots contained three concentrations of moringa leaves extract (1/10, 1/20

This research was aimed to study and analyze the costs, revenues, and profits of meat chicken breeding projects. The study also estimating the random frontier profit function, the profit inefficiency function and profit efficiency which based on cross-sectional data that included 59 projects for raising meat poultry in Waist governorate in 2020.The results of the analysis showed through the descriptive analysis of the cost structure that, the costs of chicks and fodder account for more than 70% of the costs, as well as achieving economic profits for projects. Through the random border profit function, the significance of both the total revenue and the costs of chicks, fodder, medicines, vaccines, and services (water, electricity

This study was carried out at University of Baghdad - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - research station B during the fall season of 2019-2020, in order to evaluate the effect of Ozone enrichment and the foliar application of organic nutrient  on nutrient and water use efficiency and fertilizer productivity of broccoli plant using the modified NFT film technology. A factorial experiment (2*5) was carried out within Nested Design with three replicates. The ozone treatment was distributed into the main plots which consisted of oxygen (O₂) and ozone (O₃). The foliar application of organic nutrients were distributed randomly within each replicate including five treatments, whic

This study was carried out in the poultry field in Jadiriyah, affiliated with the Department of Animal Production / College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad. This experiment used 480 one-day-old, unsexed broiler chicks of the broiler breed (Ross-308) with an average weight of 39.8 g to investigate the effect of adding different levels of turmeric root (CURCUMA LONGA) (CURCUMA LONGA) powder to the diet on some characteristics and physiology of commercial broilers exposed to heat stress. Chicks were distributed randomly and equally between 4 treatments (120 chicks/treatment), and each treatment included 3 replicates, at a rate of (40 chicks/repeat). Chicks were fed on the starter, growth and fin

The current study was conducted to determine the ideal period for freezing of three fish species of in the Iraqi local markets which are common carp  Cyprinus carpio ,catfish Silurus triostegus and mullet Planiliza abu  through sensory evaluation and the effect of freezing time on the flavor, juiciness and general acceptability of fish .A total of20  samples, were taken for each species of fresh local fish and were frozen at 18°C for different freezing periods : 1 day (T2), 15 days (T3), 30 days (T4) and 45 days (T5) , in addition to the fresh treatment T1 that has not been subjected to freezing. Results of common carp showed that the be

This study aimed to investigate genetic variations of the IGF-2 gene and how these polymorphisms affect different biochemical markers was conducted in this study. Broiler chicks of 300 days of age were analyzed in this research (150 Cobb500 and 150 Hubbard F-15). Each bird's blood was used to get its unique DNA sequence. Multiple biochemical features were connected to IGF-2 genotypes found using PCR-RFLP. If you're looking for an easy way to raise your chickens' cholesterol levels, go no further than Cobb500 chickens with the "TT" genotype (p≤0.05). Hubbard F-15 broilers with the TT genotype exhibited substantially higher levels of LDL (p≤0.05) than those with the TC and CC genotypes. The LDL levels of Hubbard F-15 broilers w

This research was aimed to measure and evaluation the imported inflation in agricultural sector in Iraq. Moreover, studying and analyzing the most important factors affecting it during 1990-2019. This research reached to- via results of unit root test- that all variables were non-stationary at the level, but all of them were stationary at the  difference. The research conclude- through significance of parameters of agricultural trade openness in the model. That the imported inflation can be rising in agricultural sector after the trade liberalization and interring to WTO and increasing of dumping policy in agricultural products, whereas found when measuring the imported inflation the high dependency of agri

This study was aimed to investigate Broiler chickens using PCR-RFLP (IGF1 and IGF2 genes). HinfI and Hsp92II restriction enzymes were used to amplify and digest 793-bp and 1146-bp fragments of the IGF1 gene, respectively. TT, TC, and CC genotypes were found in both genes in two different T and C allele subgroups. IGF1 had a higher prevalence of the C-allele (0.86) than IGF2, whereas IGF2 had a higher prevalence of the T-allele (0.5611).

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation different levels of Clomiphene citrate to the diet of female quail on productive and some physiological traits. The experiment was conducted in a commercial farm from 2/3/2021 to 24/5/2021 (3 months). Females aged 50 weeks (160 females) were randomly distributed into four treatments, and each treatment included four replicates (10 birds for each replicate). The treatments were divided into a control group (T1; basic diet only), second treatment (T2; basic diet + 0.25 mg / female / day), third treatment (T3; basic diet + 0.50 mg / female / day, fourth treatment (T4

This study was aimed to investigate effect of minerals, organic and bio- fertilizers on yield and quality of three synthetics varieties of maize. A field experiments were applied at the research station of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during 2019 and at Abu Ghraib research station during 2020, using randomized complete block design (RCBD) within split-plot arrangement with three replicates. The experiments included two factors, the first in the main plots represented three synthetic varieties of maize, while the second in the sub plots represented five fertilizer treatments. The results showed that bhooth 5018 variety was superior in grain yield during

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of surface sprinkler and drip irrigation systems using a model AquaCrop, irrigation intervals, bio-organic fertilizers and polymers in desert soils. Two field experiments were conducted during the spring season 2020 at Karbala governorate. The experiment included three factors: 1-Irrigation system surface drip T₁ and sprinkler T₂, 2- The Irrigation interval: every 2 days I₁, 4 days I₂ and 6 days I₃, 3- Addition of soil conditioners: control without any addition C, bio-organic fertilizers (seek) B, polymer (zeba) P, and polymer+ bio-organic fertilizers P+B. The experiment was desi

This research was aimed to study the impact of modern technologies represented by (High-productivity improved seeds, fertilizer of leaves, Atlantis pesticide) on increasing production both quantitatively and qualitatively. The importance of the research comes from take a set of programs and use some modern technologies in order to increase the productivity of the donum for the purpose of vertical increase of production per unit area. The problem of the research was the low rate of wheat crop productivity for Iraq compared to global productivity rates, and given the importance of achieving self-sufficiency in wheat from local production due to the decreasing globa

This study was aimed to evaluate the Aqua program in calibration and validity and its use in simulation to study the productive and water characteristics of maize crop.. The experiment was conducted in two irrigation methods, sprinkler irrigation and surface irrigation, and two cultivation methods are borders (lines) and furrows (lines and then furrows) and for two cultivars of maize, a hybrid (unlocal) and a local variety. The results that sprinkler irrigation reduced water consumption compared to surface irrigation, as it reached (558.38) mm for sprinkler irrigation, and (668.79) mm for surface irrigation. While the method of furrows after borders outperformed the borders only in improving growth characteristics and increasing

This study was aim to investigate performance of seed drill - fertilizer (GIL-SAX multisem18) was evaluated under two different farming systems (till and no-till) and tractor speeds (5.28, 7.76 and 8.30 km.h^-1). The characteristics were measured including draft force, wheel slip, seed delivery rate, and germination rate. The experiment was organized as a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The significant difference was examined using the least significant difference tests at a P≤0.05. The results showed a minimum draft force and wheel slip under the till system and tractor speed of 5.28 km.h^-1 intera

This experiment was aimed to study the effect of   herbicide (lintur @180 g.ha^-1 + Axial @1.5 L.ha^-1, Navigator @ 1.25 L.ha^-1 and the control treatment) in the companion weeds. Besides, grain yield and its components of three cultivars of barley (IPA 99, Buhooth 256, Aldebaran). The experiment was carried out according to RCBD, within split plot arrangement using three replicates. The cultivars represented the Main-plots, while herbicides and control treatments represented the sub-plots. The second included a laboratory experiment with four replicates of 50 seeds per replicate to study some grain quality

This study was carried out at the Poultry Research Station / Agricultural Research Department / Ministry of Agriculture, to investigate the effects of implanting genistein (GE) for the period of 1/February/2021 to 16/August/2021. into Iraqi local chickens at various ages on primary (PSF) and secondary (SSF) sex ratios of female, fertility (FE), and hatchability (HA) traits. At the age of 12 weeks, 100 hens and 20 roosters of Iraqi local chickens from the Poultry Research Station were used in this study. After numbering the hens, the birds were housed in individual cages and divided into four treatments (each with 25 chickens) as follows: T1: none implantation; T2, T3, and T4: implantation of 10 mg GE /kg weight at 14, 18, and 22

This research aimed to illustrate the significant role of modern technology packages in agriculture, in particular in the growth of wheat cultivation. In this research will attempt to use O-Ring method. The purpose our using of this method is to prove that the modern technological packages used in agriculture, wheat cropping combined have a significant impact on increasing the productivity of the wheat crop in Iraq. A sample is taking from 290 farms, by divided into three governorates Namely Wasit, Babil and Diwaniyah. The packaging used to grow wheat was micronutrients, seeds, fertilizers, laser-level potassium sulphate, seeds, potassium sulphate fertilizers, Pallas herbicide, Atlantis herbicide and the farming

This study was aimed to investigate active compounds in the aqueous extract of Ganoderma applanatum mycelium. The aqueous extract of fungus mycelium was prepared and some active compounds were detected, including phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides and resins, all of which gave a positive detection. The effective compounds were diagnosed by GC-Mass Chromatography technique, was revealed that there are a number of compounds that can produce mycelium with ability to inhibit microorganisms, inhibit free radicals and prevent oxidation, as well as their effect in reducing cancerous tumors. As for the effective groups, they were diagnosed by FTIR technique.

A field experiment was conducted during fall season 2021-2022 In order to study the effect of soil as an agricultural medium, organic fertilizers (Vermecompost, cow manure) and foliar spraying of silicon and calcium on skin, bark and cambium ring thickness of three beetroot varieties (Red, Dark Red, and Cylindra). Seeds directly sown in the fields of Station A College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad - Al-Jadriya campus- Within RCBD a split-plot experiment, where the cultivars were the main unites, organic fertilizer, and foliar spray as the subunits, with three replicates, the number

This study was aimed to investigate an air-flow distributer of a solar dryer. This study was contained two factors: First, the air outlet throttle (three angles, 30°, 60°, and 90°). Second, the design of the air inlet with three levels (new design (I2), without (I1), and half-opening air inlet gate of the new design (I3)). The results show significant effects on these parameters, where the highest efficiency (51.7%) was obtained at (I1) and (30°) angles. While the temperature changes between the inlet and outlet had a significant effect on the pressure difference, the pressure difference increased, reaching (1.65 Pa). Also, the drying rate was affected by the temperature and the amount of air entering the dryer. The highest d

The crude enzyme Nattokinase produced by Bacillus subtilis was used in ripening cheddar cheese by adding three concentration of enzyme 80, 160 and 320mg/Kg beside the control treatment without enzyme, the product was checked for three months to determine humidity, protein, fat, non-protein nitrogen, soluble nitrogen and pH, sensory evaluation was conducted, it was noticed that the variety in protein percentages and the soluble nitrogen percentage during second month of ripening for T2, T3 and T4 treatments were (11.2, 15.54 and 18.48) respectively, in comparison with control which was 7.6%, while in the third month it was (17.37, 20.67 and 22.26) respectively, in comparison with control which was only 10%, on the other hand, non-protein

This study was conducted to investigate the association of Ghrelin gene polymorphisms and expression levels with some biochemical traits of broiler chickens. Two hundred broiler chicks Ross308, one-day old were wing-tagged and reared under optimal conditions. Blood samples were collected individually from all birds on 21 and 35 days of age. Proventriculus was collected at 35 days of age from thirty birds of each of groups sorted according to growth rate for high, moderate and low to measure ghrelin gene expression by real-time RT-PCR. The serum traits of glucose, uric acid, cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins LDL, total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate transaminase (AST), alan

A project to develop new maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds from inbred populations, crossed, and tested for performance. The project elapsed six seasons, 3 spring and 3 full plantings during 2015-2017. Newly developed inbreds showed significant grain yield increase as compared to the cross of its progenitor inbred. An increase of 2 t ha^-1 was obtained with one of the new inbreds. The crosses obtained were evaluated in field trials with a registered hybrid (60×21). Method of selection counts on a unique plant trait in the inbred population, such as longer ear, thicker ear diameter, stay-green leaves, large kernel, and so on. The merit obtained due to hybrid vigor could be attributed to parental inbreds that have hig