Establishing sustainable cities and residential neighborhoods requires the development of new planning strategies, as adopting sustainable planning strategies when planning urban land uses for residential neighborhoods is necessary due to the large number of urban land use problems that have emerged during urbanization. The most prominent modern concept concerned with the land was the concept of sustainability, as sustainable planning aspires to link knowledge with sustainability through measures to achieve it. Therefore, sustainable planning works to apply the principles of sustainability in planning.

And in view of the circumstances that our country went through, which negatively affected various sectors and aspects of life, in

The free zone or the free economy cities are cities with classification and functional specificity, although the history of  the concept of these areas has been It dates back to distant eras, but the intellectual and philosophical construction with the support of intellectual approaches, the most important of which is globalization contributed to its rapid spread globally and taking a variety of forms and models. With the diversity of its formulas and objectives countries have competed in adopting the establishment of these areas, meanwhile The influence of related trends affected the contemporary formation of these sites. Therefore ,the research was directed focus on the importance of adopting a set of common indicators (collection

Value Engineering is an analytical study on projects or services using a specific procedure and a multidisciplinary working group, works for the identification and classification of the project functions; either for a better perfuming of these functions or to lessen the total project cost or the two together. Value Engineering main aim is on finding innovative alternatives, without effecting the basic requirements of the project, its methodology based on the functional balancing between the three elements of production "performance, quality and cost". This methodology based on the "functional analysis", had shown high possibilities in solving any problem facing the production procedure , achieve better investment for available re

The researchers aim of this research to analyze the reality of educational services in the city of Ramadi in order to reveal the efficiency of the spatial distribution of schools at the level of residential neighborhoods and the requirements of the population, based on the standards and indicators for this service.

The research problem related to the educational function of the city of Ramadi was formulated by asking about the efficiency of the spatial distribution of educational services and whether there is a balance in the distribution of schools to residential neighborhoods in a way that meets the requirements of the population, and in order to answer the research problem, the research hypothesis was formulated that there is

Governance in emerging cities struggles in meeting people's expectations and requirements. Most international reports highlight the problem of service provision, guarantee and long-term sustainability. As cities and towns grow swiftly and irrevocably, they encounter resource and capacity constraints in managing the urbanization process. The experiences and strategic urban development plans in Lebanon have failed to meet the needs of people in the short and long term, which has prevented it from keeping pace with international developments and strategic planning approaches that are in line with the aspirations of any country.

It has become necessary to identify obstacles to strategic planning that prevent significant progress in k

تهدف هذه،الدراسة،الى تقييم مستوى العدالة،المكانية في توزيع الخدمات الاجتماعية لبرنامج تنمية،الاقاليم،في واسط،2011-2022، من خلال البعد،المكاني لقطاعي الصحة،والتربية. بالإضافة الى العلاقة بين تخصيصات برنامج تنمية الاقاليم وعناصر (الفجوة،الخدمية، والسكان، المساحة، الامكانية الزراعية المتاحة)، فقد تم استعمال معامل جيني ومنحني لورنز في قياس التفاوت في التوزيع الامثل للخدمات وتمثيلها مكانيا باستعمال

Water scarcity is a growing concern, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Sea of Najaf in Iraq is one such region facing water scarcity, with the lake serving as a crucial water source for the local population. Remote sensing systems "RS" and geographic information systems "GIS" are important techniques for monitoring environmental and land cover changes. This paper focuses on Sentinel-2B imagery for surface water mapping in the Sea of Najaf and evaluating the performance of maximum likelihood (MLC) classification method. The study area encompasses Sea of Najaf and its immediate surroundings. Two images for Sentinel-2B one image on December,29, 2015 and December,29,2022, were used for training and validating the classification mod

يُعدُّ المخطط الاساس خطة شاملة تعمل على تنظيم المتغيرات الاجتماعية والاقتصادية في المدينة، الى جانب ذلك تنطيق وتنظيم استعمالات الارض لمدة (20 – 30) سنة قادمة، وهو الناتج الوثائقي والمرئي للعملية التخطيطية. من  أبرز المشاكل البحث  ان المخططات الاساس المعدة لمدينة بغداد تعاني استمرار التغييرات رسمية وغير رسمية التي تحصل في استعمالات الأرض وعلى حساب الاستعمال الترفيهي ، وهذا يسبِّب خللاً في توزان الاستعم

We need to know the basic facts concerning planning top and bottom limits including any critical levels or the threshold over which the cost would be much higher for land development. Therefore this paper concerned with Baghdad Municipality decision No.2/1004 dated 7/12/2004. The reason behind this decision is the hope to face up at least in the severe housing crisis in the city of Baghdad. This paper attempts to know the attitude of the local community in the general through a field study of people living near such dwelling where third floors are added of. This might indicate any positive or negative effects whether on short or long-term including its effect on the theoretical side including the population growth of Baghdad, the

the visual and aesthetic characteristics of the city depending on understanding several levels of visual and aesthetic characteristics to the city, starting with the study of the physical characteristics and morphology of the city in general, and urban style to it, and then study of visual composition of the city from the optical components that affect the composition of the image (visual composition) of the city represent by pathways, borders, regions and the specific features as classified by (Kevin Lynch), and then studying the details and the attention of all elements that would confer the beautiful appearance as necessary for the needs of society and the environment in general, for example, interest in the distribution and c

This research mainly aims to analyze local development strategy in Baghdad Governance, build the Strategic Model based on the study area's spatial interaction, and achieve the Trinity of Excellence based on the global model of excellence.

           This research applied SWOT strategic analysis for the strengths and weaknesses of the internal environment and opportunities and threats of the external environment for the provincial council. In conclusion, the research specifies appropriate alternatives and choosing the best in line with the reality of the Baghdad Provincial Council. Also, the strategic goals in the national plan and the spatial interaction of the development goals,

إن الحاجة الجمالية وجدت مع الإنسان وتطورت بتطور فكره، فهي حقيقة والحقائق تتطور لا تتغير، فلا بد من دراسة تفاصيل المشهد الحضري للمدينة والإمكانيات الجمالية المتوفرة في المدينة ومبادئ التكوين الجمالي الفنية لغرض استنباط مؤشرات خاصة بالمدينة وربط هذه المؤشرات بالبيئة المحلية وما تحويه من متغيرات زمانية ومكانية،يرتكز البحث على تحليل الظاهرة الجمالية ومديات تطبيقها في مراكز المدن العراقية (مركز مدينة الناص

This research will deal in a simple way with the concept of urban expansion and taking the decision to sign the spatial signature of residential investment projects in order to reach through them in a real way to the extent of the proportionality of the decision taken, in light of the fulfillment of the conditions that must be met in the matter of making the decision of the spatial signature of the residential investment project and the extent of commitment to them, in which the conditions are: (Ease of access to services and transportation, adequacy of services, commitment to urban land uses) when establishing the investment project represented by the Al-Ayad residential project in the Hittin neighborhood of Al

Most of the mosques in the Islamic world fall under specific and known forms and patterns to a large extent, and such patterns have grown and evolved from the few basic and uniform models, but they changed slowly due to the impact with a mixture of changing functional requirements and cultural landscapes because of the variables of time and place to form patterns known and famous in this day across parts of the Islamic world and its borders. There was no exception to these patterns, but small numbers of mosques that were probably the result of personal experiences or improvisational resolutions, or in response to specific or temporary stimuli. However, the emergence of a specific pattern which does not belong to any of these patt

         Bringing about urban, economic, and social changes in rural areas similar to those occurring in urban areas aims to reduce urban-rural disparities by providing services in those areas, decentralizing the management of these services, expanding citizen participation in local governance (decentralized administration), and achieving comprehensive development, developing and empowering localities, and keeping pace with new transformations and their impacts on the functions of the center and localities. In fact, the lack of clarity of the role of local government in planning and managing services has hindered development plans, and declined the level of services in rural areas, and has negative

Pollution of the aquatic environment and the depletion of the natural resource cause imbalance in the natural balance of the river environment and contributes to the deterioration of life and the killing of living organisms. Most of the old and modern cities and urban centers were set up close to the rivers because water enters the main lifeblood and all its facilities. The proximity of cities to rivers caused environmental problems resulting from the dumping of residues of these cities to a large and continuous, these wastes include all uses of the city (industrial, agricultural, residential and commercial) and others. The accumulation of these wastes inside the rivers water kills life and makes them unsuitable for various uses to bury

The historic cities in the Arab and Islamic world (including the cities of the holy shrines in Iraq) suffer from many and varied problems and most notably it is clear in its origin functional structure. It had been transformed from a basic place to live for a few thousand of the population to the center or part of the main center of large city populations of more than one million. Functional structure of the ancient city have been change with the beginning of the twentieth century and accelerated rate of change in the second half of the last century. The research aims to analyze the problems of the historic centers of holy cities and analyze the methods of dealing with these problems, leading to discrimination method could be the