the regional and spatial dimension of development planning must be taken as a point of departure to the mutual of the spatial structure of the economy , development strategy and policies applied 'therein such as the location principles and regional development coordination of the territorial problems with the national development planning and timing of regional vis-a-vis national development plan_. Certain balance and integration is of sound necessity' between national _regional and local development objectives through which the national development strategy should have to represent the guidelines of the local development aspirations and goals. The economic development exerts an impact on the spatial evolution, being itself subje

يُعدُّ المخطط الاساس خطة شاملة تعمل على تنظيم المتغيرات الاجتماعية والاقتصادية في المدينة، الى جانب ذلك تنطيق وتنظيم استعمالات الارض لمدة (20 – 30) سنة قادمة، وهو الناتج الوثائقي والمرئي للعملية التخطيطية. من  أبرز المشاكل البحث  ان المخططات الاساس المعدة لمدينة بغداد تعاني استمرار التغييرات رسمية وغير رسمية التي تحصل في استعمالات الأرض وعلى حساب الاستعمال الترفيهي ، وهذا يسبِّب خللاً في توزان الاستعم

The infrastructure is one of the basic components of the tourism industry in Iraq in general and in Najaf in particular, in spite of there are obstacles and problems that which are hindered the development of tourism in Iraq, some of them are related to the  tourism industry itself, some are related to the security and political situation, and some are related to poor management of tourism. However, the infrastructure is considered the cornerstone of the success of the tourism industry in Iraq and other countries, if it is available, it can be a potential indicator of success, and on the contrary, it is a hindrance to go forward. The aim of this research is to shed light on the availability of requirements for the s

the student of the structure of the city and its constituent elements will clearly sense the invisible relationships that underlie the different forms of urban activity, which in turn are defined by the generality of the urban patterns in that city, which will vary clearly according to the location in the city. These relations will be embodied in their true form in the interactions between the different uses of the earth, and the change that will result from their regularity in the form of entities in independent groups, which may share with each other a component of it.
Therefore, the process of controlling the functional interactions between the uses of the urban land and the awareness of t

Living in sustainable residential place is one of the most important factors affecting the quality of life in neighborhood complex within the vertical housing complexes. This research focuses on indicators of social sustainability because of their effective impact in achieving a good quality of life . The most prominent of these indicators include: (social interaction, neighborhood grouped and trust, social cohesion, security and safety, privacy, connectivity opportunities for meeting and , and community participation, and cultural diversity). This was done through a questionnaire (for the residents of the Al-Salam residential complex in the city of Baghdad), and the form includes a set of questions related to indicators of social sustai

المستخلص

لكل إنسان الحق في التعليم، والدولة ملزمة قانوناً بتوفيره لشعبها، ومن هذا المنطلق فإن الخدمة التعليمية هي إحدى الخدمات التي تحكمها وتشرف عليها الدولة، تلبِّي هذه الخدمة التعليمية احتياجات العصر من خلال إعداد الخريجين للانخراط في أنشطة الحياة على كافة الأبعاد الاجتماعية والاقتصادية.

تم تسليط الضوء في هذا البحث على دراسة تقييم كفاءة الخدمات التعليمية في ناحية ال

The aim of the research is to identify the extent of the direct and indirect relationship of the population growth of the cities as a result of the urbanization process witnessed by the Arab region for the urban development of the city structures and their formative structures, changing the planning criteria of some cities and the extent of their changes in spatial and temporal dimensions and their relation to the standards of the western cities. In changing the concept of the modern Arab city, such as the emergence of new functional uses affecting the change in the pattern of formal formations of its urban fabric associated with its ancient morphology and distinctive human nature. The research seeks to identify the extent to which plann

The emergence of oil fields and subsequent changes in adjacent land use are known to affect settlements and communities. Everywhere the industry emerges, there is little understanding about the impact of oil fields on land use in the surrounding areas. The oil industry in Iraq is one of the most important industries and is almost the main industry in the Iraqi economic sector, and it is very clear that this industry is spread over large areas, and at the same time adjoins with population communities linked to it developmentally.

The rapid development and expansion of oil extraction activities in various regions has led to many challenges related to land-use planning and management. Here, the problem of research  arises on th

Old Iraq includes the first experiences in establishing the first residential settlements in the Mesopotamian, and model villages designed and the pulp units in it and their natural matter, that made it perennial, and construction continues until now with it. These experiences were the basis for the emergence of the Iraqi civilization and thus the world and the beginning of writing, trade and the religions of the divine since before history, and then the Sumerian, Babylonian and Assyrian civilizations, and their villages that formed the Fertile Crescent.

There is a lack of knowledge and disregard for the distant and near history of Iraq in the field of rural housing, despite Iraq's leadership in this field, with the aim of the re

يهدف البحث إلى تسليط الضوء الى أبرز المؤشرات التخطيطية والتصميمية المؤثِّرة في الكفاءة الوظيفية للفضاءات الحضرية في المدن, لما لتلك المؤشرات من دور أساسي بالغ الاهمية في دراسة كفاءة الفضاءات, تلك الفضاءات التي تعدُّ العنصر الاساسي للحركة في المدينة وكذلك في تحديد شكل المدينة وجماليتها, ولأن الفضاءات كمفهوم عام في المجال التخطيطي تعد جزءا من النسيج الحضري لأي مدينة سواء كانت كبيرة أم صغيرة, فهي تشكل المتنف

يهدف البحث الى تقييم البيئة الحضرية في مجمعات السكن العمودي من خلال ايجاد مؤشرات تساهم في التقييم، فقد تم اخذ مجمع الحيدرية السكني في محافظة كربلاء المقدسة أنموذجا للدراسة. وتكمن مشكلة البحث في عدم وضوح المؤشرات التي تساعد في تقييم البيئة الحضرية في مجمعات السكن العمودي، لذا فإن فرضية البحث تنصُّ على أن هناك مجموعة من المؤشرات التي تساهم في تقييم البيئة الحضرية التي تم اشتقاقها من ابعاد جودة الحياة اذ يعد ت

As regional development, as a matter of course, poses a number of systemic, scientific and political problems. While the issue of development is primarily at the national level to the limits of World War II in the industrialized world and to the 1960s borders in most Third World countries, the increasing awareness of regional disparities has led to the regional issue Were taken into consideration in the early 1960s and 1970s in most industrialized and developing countries alike. The local issue was only introduced in the early 1980s. The awareness of regional disparities and the fact that the regions do not have the same potential and that some regions have the resources to enable them to develop, grow and develop, unlike other r

the study aimed to drive and test an urban technique from \"balance and unbalance concept\" in physical structure of old parts of cities depending on \"supply and demand system \" Detailed survey has been achieved to define architectural units patterns and urban functions that occupied it .

يواجه نظام التعليم في العراق تحديات كبيرة في تقديم خدمات تعليمية عالية الجودة، لا سيما في المدارس. ومن أهم هذه التحديات عدد المدارس وتوزيعها وصعوبة وصول الطلاب إلى المدارس. يؤدي تقييم وتحليل الأنماط المكانية دورًا حاسمًا في تعزيز إمكانية الوصول إلى التعليم وجودته باستعمال نظام المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS). تم جمع البيانات المكانية والخصائصية للمدارس من مديرية تربية واسط باستعمال نظام تحديد المواقع العالمي (GPS).

المستخلص

 يهدف البحث إلى دراسة حاجة السوق من الطلبة المتخرجين من الجامعات الأردنية باستخدام أسلوب النماذج المخزنية (Inventory models) باعتماد قسم المحاسبة في كلية إدارة الأعمال في جامعة عجلون الوطنية الخاصة كحالة دراسية. حيث تم اعتبار الجامعة مخزن والطلبة هم الوحدات القابلة للبيع والشراء ليس بالمفهوم التجاري بل بالمفهوم العلمي. في الحقيقة فان هؤلاء الطلبة المتخرجين يمثلون بالوحدات القابلة للبيع وفي نفس ال

اكتسبت السياحة الريفية في الآونة الأخير أهمية كبيرة لمعظم الدول النامية. ويعتقد ان السياحة الريفية قادرة على المساهمة في التنمية الاقتصادية.  تشهد المناطق الريفية في قضاء العمادية ازديادًا كبيرا في عدد السواحل لذا فإن أي اهمال أو ضعف في تنمية مواردها بشكل منطقي قد يستنزف امكانياتها السياحية. وفي هذا السياق تركِّز هذه الدراسة على تقييم القدرة التنافسية لواجهات السياحية الريفية في قضاء العمادية كون الميز

This paper examines the change in planning pattern In Lebanon, which relies on vehicles as a semi-single mode of transport, and directing it towards re-shaping the city and introducing concepts of "smooth or flexible" mobility in its schemes; the concept of a "compact city" with an infrastructure based on a flexible mobility culture. Taking into consideration environmental, economical and health risks of the existing model, the paper focuses on the four foundations of the concepts of "city based on culture flexible mobility, "and provides a SWOT analysis to encourage for a shift in the planning methodology.

Water scarcity is a growing concern, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Sea of Najaf in Iraq is one such region facing water scarcity, with the lake serving as a crucial water source for the local population. Remote sensing systems "RS" and geographic information systems "GIS" are important techniques for monitoring environmental and land cover changes. This paper focuses on Sentinel-2B imagery for surface water mapping in the Sea of Najaf and evaluating the performance of maximum likelihood (MLC) classification method. The study area encompasses Sea of Najaf and its immediate surroundings. Two images for Sentinel-2B one image on December,29, 2015 and December,29,2022, were used for training and validating the classification mod

This research discusses the rehabilitation of heritage markets in the historical centers of Islamic Arab cities and their use in the field of cultural tourism as one of the most important tourist attractions and the subsequent revival of the national economy in addition to preserving the urban heritage as these markets part of the historical centers of cities. The research also discusses the preservation of the continuity of heritage markets as a product of cultural heritage value within an integrated framework to preserve the urban heritage in the historic centers of cities. The study then reviews a number of experiences of Arab and Islamic countries in the field of preserving and rehabilitating heritage markets, which qualify them to b

The Mesopotamian soil is muddy and fertile, and so from ancient eras Iraqis used mud in their building, settlements and architecture in different methodologies according to the nature and the function of the building that was either in its pure form or by mixing it with other materials such as straw . also as raw bricks in different ways either for the whale building or parts of it, or for the finishing parts such as roofing for instance. In this research these different forms and methodologies will permeate through out a chosen examples of historical building, rural buildings and settlements and ancient buildings as well as some current uses of mud in the structures and building in standing cities, this in order to conclude some

Most of the mosques in the Islamic world fall under specific and known forms and patterns to a large extent, and such patterns have grown and evolved from the few basic and uniform models, but they changed slowly due to the impact with a mixture of changing functional requirements and cultural landscapes because of the variables of time and place to form patterns known and famous in this day across parts of the Islamic world and its borders. There was no exception to these patterns, but small numbers of mosques that were probably the result of personal experiences or improvisational resolutions, or in response to specific or temporary stimuli. However, the emergence of a specific pattern which does not belong to any of these patt

This research will deal in a simple way with the concept of urban expansion and taking the decision to sign the spatial signature of residential investment projects in order to reach through them in a real way to the extent of the proportionality of the decision taken, in light of the fulfillment of the conditions that must be met in the matter of making the decision of the spatial signature of the residential investment project and the extent of commitment to them, in which the conditions are: (Ease of access to services and transportation, adequacy of services, commitment to urban land uses) when establishing the investment project represented by the Al-Ayad residential project in the Hittin neighborhood of Al