The research target is to Know the extent influence of the neighborhood planning and architectural concept on the cities. as the importance of the residential areas represent 40-60% from the cities areas gives, The neighborhood planning concepts their important and their effects on the type of the urban physical pattern mode formation

The formation of the residential areas correlated organically with physical structure and geographical environment which grow organically parallel to the city expansion and population increase. The residential neighborhood development influenced by social, economical and cultural environment of the cities according to the special and time which defined it\'s concept.

Also the resear

اعتاد مصمموا العمليات الصناعية لأي منشأة في الماضي على تنحية مسالة التخلص من الملوثات الناتجة من التصنيع المختلفة جانبا ، وتركز الاهتمام لسنوات طويلة على زيادة كفاءة العمليات الصناعية نفسها وخفض التكاليف الاستثمارية دون مراعاة لما يمكن ان ينجم من تأثيرات سلبية على البيئة المحيطة بالمنشاة نفسها ولا يمكن أن ننسى ان في بداية الثورة الصناعية كانت المدخنة بدخانها الأسود رمزا للرخاء القادم في أعقاب بناء كل مصن

رغم المساحات الشاسعة التي تشغلها الصحاري في العالم ألا أنها ما زالت بعيدة عن التطور الحضاري و التنمية الذي تتميز به المناطق الأخرى، فهي مناطق شبه مهملة لا تمتد أليها يد العمران ألا في أماكن محددة و الأغراض خاصة
و الصحراء العراقية تشكل مساحة شاسعة تقدر ب (٥/٣) مساحة العراق ، لذا لابد وان تأخذ تلك المنطقة أهمية خاصة باعتبارها جزءا \"مهما\" من ارض العراق وثروته الطبيعية فهي. بالإضافة إلى ما تمتلكه من مو

ان جوهر فكرة المدينة هو أنها تخدم منطقة تابعة . والاصل في وظيفتها هو الجانب الاقليمي . والمدينة وجدت لتؤدي وظائف مركزية وعلى ضوئها تتحدد سيادتها على المساحات التي حولها
وان هذه السيادة نقل بالبعد عنها حتى تكاد تتلاشى بتاثير منافسة مدن اخرى . ان وظيفة المدينة في اقليمها ومدى سيادتها على المساحات التي حولها والتي تحكمها مستوى ومركزية وظائفها تندرج تحت مفهوم الاهمية الاقليمية للمدينة ، وعليه تتحدد اتجاهات نم

the urban land use is difference from city to city . so there is many theories has an attempt to explain the residential structure of cities

Many urban and rural areas fall under the impact of disasters, whether natural or industrial, and with increasing complexity in urban areas, with diversity of economic, social and political components, and technological and cognitive development, the effects of disasters and wars have increased with the time, where disasters are affecting all aspects of life, causing great waste of property and lives, also displacement of populations and disruption of economic life, these effects are multiplied if they are not dealt with in sound curricula and scientific strategies.

The research aims to identify the experiences of some countries and their strategies and effective programs in reconstruction after exposure to disasters and wars wit

The objective of all planning research is to plan for human comfort and safety, and one of the most significant natural dangers to which humans are exposed is earthquake risk; therefore, earthquake risks must be anticipated, and with the advancement of global technology, it is possible to obtain information on earthquake hazards. GIS has been utilized extensively in the field of environmental assessment research due to its high potential, and GIS is a crucial application in seismic risk assessment. This paper examines the methodologies used in recent GIS-based seismic risk studies, their primary environmental impacts on urban areas, and the complexity of the relationship between the applied methodological approaches and the resulting env

        The research paper deals with the role of the place making in eco-tourism through a review of international experiences in the eco-tourism industry and its contribution to advancing the reality of tourism there, and attracting the largest number of tourists.  The study is divided into five axes: the first is a study of related concepts, and the second is a study of global experiences, which included three countries: (South Bank (Gabriel's Wharf) - London, Rotterdam in the Netherlands, and dealt with each of Happy Streets and Kendrick Mills, and then the Perak River tourist corridor - Malaysia).  As for the third axis, it is concerned with analyzing these experiences to reach th

The urban Gentrification  is an inclusive global phenomenon to restructure the cities on the overall levels, the research to propose a specific study about the concept of urban Gentrification in the cities and showcasing its, specifications, and results, and how to deal with the variables that occur on cities through improvements as part of urban renewal projects, then the general axis of the research is shrinked, choosing the urban centers as the most important areas that deal with the urban Gentrification process due to its direct connection with indivisuals and social changes, and to process the specific axis of the research theses and studies will be showcased that discuss the topic in different research directions, and emerged

One of the most significant elements influencing weather, climate, and the environment is vegetation cover. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) over the years 2019–2022 were estimated based on four Landsat 8 TIRS’s images covering Duhok City. Using the radiative transfer model, the city's land surface temperature (LST) during the next four years was calculated. The aim of this study is to compute the temperature at the land's surface (LST) from the years 2019-2022 and understand the link, between LST, NDVI, and NDBI and the capability for mapping by LANDSAT-8 TIRS's. The findings revealed that the NDBI and the NDVI had the strongest correlation with the

The purpose of this study is to describe the extent and nature of informal tenure practices in urban areas in Iraq, through undertaking a rapid assessment in Baghdad city. The UN-HABITAT 2008 publication Secure Land Rights for All discusses the importance of access and rights to land throughout the developing world. Secure land rights are critical to development and poverty reduction, and the greatest challenge in providing secure land rights are in urban areas, where overcrowding can lead to a number of informal tenure practices ranging from individually unregistered or unauthorised housing, to large informal settlements. Access to land is a fundamental basis for human shelter, food production, and other economic activity. Secur

The region is defined by the spatial dimension, which consists of a set of stabilizers (towns and villages). The concept of the territory requires conditions on the nature of functional relations and the mutual influence of the regions within the region. Any territory must be based on the interdependence and interaction between the mother city and its surrounding countryside and cities, and when the interdependence is strong and the interaction is clear, it helps to define the territory. The regions are divided on different bases. There are geographically or national homogeneous regions, and there are cultural regions that want to preserve their culture in terms of language or religion. There are administrative regions to manage

The interaction in the city is reflected in the movement of people motivated by their activities and their economic and social goals, which include many variables subject to the planning process in the interpretation of this movement and the mapping of trends of transport intensity through the concept of transport function and its functional relationships with the uses of the earth in the sustainability and effectiveness of the movement of transport and Economic activity and population movement. Transport planners are concerned with the requirements of land use, which are linked to and included in the transport planning process as a factor for the future transport needs. There is a strong relationship between the transport system

The process of identifying the region is not an easy process when compared with other operations within the attribute or similarity. It is also not difficult if the process of identifying the region is based on the standard and standard indicators in its calculation. The latter requires the availability of numerical and relative data for the data of each case Any indicator or measure is included in the legal process

This paper delves into the significant role played by local social and traditional structures in shaping Traditional Community Tenure (TCT) within Iraqi Land Tenure Legislation (ILTR), and examines their impact on gender inequalities, with a specific focus on women's land tenure rights. The methodological approach employed in this study identified the sources of barriers to gender equality within TCT as outlined in ILTR at two different bilateral levels, with input obtained from key stakeholders in a selected city in Iraq. The case study survey encompassed three districts, which served as local layers within the historic sectors of the Iraqi city of Al-Nasiriya. the study employed quantitative methods, including a household surveyو with

The tourism industry has become, currently, an art, an industry and a science. It is also one of the components that make up touristic regions. Tourist attractions are no longer the exclusive visits of museums and archeological sites, but also involve other service facilities. It is, therefore, imperative that the authorities should become aware of the degradation of tourist resorts and prevent them from getting worse. Moreover, the authorities should take a set of decisions concerning the protection of the urban aspect with its historical, social, and environmental dimensions, as well as, adapting it to the modern requirements that can bring comfort to the citizens and tourists at physical and psychological levels.

Variation and differences in Quality of culture levels have an important effect on Recreation of Architectural tourism, which stort in the new era of touristic industry. Tourism is no more bounded to the natural element, Since Architect is the Port for Transmission of Ideas and the representation of perception an opinions which can shift the tourist from word of simplicity to the world of creation and imagination through the continuation with used and Sean Architect. In the present study we found that the culture background of the tourist have an important influence on this type tourism, this is due to the fact that those tourist with different cultural Background show some similarity in their perception on primary level only, this is du

The neighbourhood unit is a small local community in a city dwelled by certain number of dwellers who are characterized by common features, mostly economic. They daily deal with each other & unified with the feeling of neighbourhood. The daily primary services are available in this small community (like education, shopping & entertainment). This community is separated from other communities by physical boundaries like streets, gardens… etc. The neighbourhood is not an exotic notion on human community but it is as ancient as history itself since it was there in ancient communities that dwelled on earth. Complications of urban life needs, caused by cities’ expansion, and the weakness of social relationships, imposed phy

The developing countries can be distinguished by spatial disparities and by this a wide gap between urban and rural settlements were produced as well as the appearance of primate cities. The effect of spatial development as a dynamic and continuous process can be perceived in the state of population distribution inside settlements inter and intra regions as well as the hierarchy of urban settlements according to time series. The research proved that the improvement judgment of the structure of the urban system using Gene factor is not accurate because it cannot be accounted for the internal components of the system which make a contrariety between the whole judgment (country) and partial components (Provinces including Sulaimaniy

تُعدُّ العشوائيات من مقدمة المشاكل التي تعانيها الدول النامية, ونلاحظ اتساع نطاق هذه الظاهرة وتداعياتها في السنوات الأخيرة في العراق على وجه العموم وفي بغداد خاصة فكانت مساحة التجاوز لسنة 2013 (47.23 كم2) في حين أصبحت مساحة التجاوز لسنة 2022 (81.72 كم2) أي انها زادت الى الضعف تقريبا لذا اصبح من الضروري معالجة تلك الظاهرة وتقديم حلول ناجعة لما هو موجود على ارض الواقع والحد من انتشارها , ومن بين تلك الحلول هو تطبيق سياسة ا

Baghdad has a rich cultural and cultural heritage, as it has historically been a center of civilization and science and a destination for visitors from all over the world. However, the wars and conflicts that the region has witnessed in recent decades have negatively affected the tourism sector. The research problem stems from the unclear impact of the development of heritage paths in stimulating local economic activity and increasing the income of local communities.

The paper based on the premise that the development of heritage paths leads to strengthening the local economy and increasing income for local communities. The paper aims to determine the impact of heritage paths in stimulating economic activity and increasing the in