A group of mice were captured. We divided the 3-month-old mice into groups. We limited each group to a specific type of treatment, using different components of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) in various proportions. The control group was left untreated. We stimulated her diabetes with injections of the substance alloxan, which led to the development of her condition. It was left for three days after the injection of this substance, and then the diabetes was checked with a diabetes testing device until all the required mice were infected with diabetes. Next, they removed the hair from the mouse's top and used a special tool, a ring with a diameter of 8 mm, to cut the skin. During the work, they used two types of anesthetics: ketamine and xylaz

         In this research, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of various kernel functions employed in the estimation of nonparametric regression functions. In particular, we investigated the Nadaraya-Watson method and local polynomial regression techniques involving linear, quadratic and cubic forms. These methods were evaluated using five different kernel functions: Gaussian, Epanechnikov, uniform, triangular and quartic, collectively referred to as GEUTQ.

The main objective of the work was to determine the best estimators for non-parametric kernel functions. To achieve this, we performed a rigorous comparison with simulation methods, different regression models and different sample sizes. The evaluation of the pe

In this study, after pyrolyzing the prepared solution, we made films from transitional tungsten oxide metal doped with gold nanoparticles and deposited them using a spray deposition technique on glass substrates at a substrate temperature of 320°C. We then annealed the prepared films at various temperatures (673,773 K) for one hour, in which we detected the band of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in gold-doped tungsten oxide films around the wavelength of 595 nm, and thermal treatment increased its intensity to near the wavelength of 580 nm. The produced and annealed thin films also demonstrated an indirect energy gap smaller than (2.86-2.61) eV in the UV-visible spectrum. The structural characteristics of the manufactured an

The growth of using electronic devices has led to the development of a new pollution type that has been referred to as noise, radio frequency interference, or electromagnetic radiation (EM). The identification of lightweight PMMA/Gr/Ag nanocomposites has led to the discovery of a new hybrid polymer composite. Electrical conductivity, High Electromagnetic (EM) Shielding Effectiveness (SE) in a frequency range of 8.20-12.40GHz (x-band), dielectric characteristics, and differential thermal analysis were used to examine PMMA/Gr/Ag. Using the solvent casting process, a hybrid PMMA/Gr/Ag nanocomposite was created. The hybrid composite's electrical conductivity demonstrates that D.C conductivity is around 1.6×10-6 S/ cm as concentration i

The study was conducted at Kirkuk University Library to investigate the noise levels. The researchers collected noise level readings at specific time points throughout the day, including morning, mid-day, and afternoon. The purpose of the study was to analyze the variations in noise levels and assess their impact. The findings of the study indicate that the average noise levels measured during the three-time points consistently exceeded the guideline limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The study provides valuable insights into the noise levels at Kirkuk University Library and emphasizes the need for interventions to address excessive noise. Implementing measures to reduce noise disturbances and promote a quieter environment

     This research sought early signs of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The current research's objectives are to identify collagenase-3 (CL-3) in RA patients with and without T2DM as a disease complication, compare these findings to those of a control group, and ascertain whether or not CL-3 correlates with all of the parameters that were examined in each group. In the present research, (150) participants all between the ages of 30 and 50 were divided into three groups: (G1) control (N=50), (G2) RA (N=50), and (G3) RA with T2DM (N=50). Collagenase-3, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), erythrocyte sedimentaion (ESR), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), and rheumatoid factor (RF) were all mea

        The importance of heterocyclic compounds has long been recognized, and the use of chemicals has remained constant, including in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals. Several lactam synthesis methods have been developed. Among the essential compounds in our lives are lactams from amines and aldehydes and the preparation of Schiff bases. Schiff bases are prepared in two ways, including the reaction of hydrazine and various aldehydes with tetraethylamine and the production of a Schiff base, which leads to the formation of two types of lactams and the preparation of a kind of reaction of different amines and aldehydes. Three techniques prepared the lactams, the first being Schiff bases with acetyl chloride and triethylamine as

The most prevalent form of diabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is defined by hyperglycemia in the presence of hyperinsulinemia, which is brought on by insulin resistance and β-cell functional abnormalities of insulin secretion. The work aims to study the association of the SLC16A11 gene with T2DM; besides the 50  healthy individuals who served as the control group, 50  diabetic patients also had their blood drawn. Participants were divided into two groups based on the following criteria: A control group consists of 50 healthy participants between the ages of 20 and 70, while the patient group consists of 50 participants who were diagnosed with diabetes. The patient group had 58% male and 42% female participants, whereas the con

In this paper, we investigated the Bayesian estimation of the unknown parameter of the Inverse Rayleigh Distribution (IRD) under different priors, represented by the inverse gamma distribution, the inverse chi-squared distribution, and the standard Levy distribution as priors. We obtained the posterior distributions for the unknown parameter of IRD under the different priors based on the general entropy loss function (GELF). We assumed different values for the shape parameter of GELF. Also, the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) is used to estimate the scale parameter of IRD. Then, a study is conducted to obtain the results, based on the different parameters of Inverse Rayleigh distribution and sample sizes. We found tha

        The sensor aspect is one of the most critical disciplines due to its wide application in life. This work has studied the performance of the Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite, which was prepared by the synthesis of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) by the co-precipitation method through its precursors, which are ferric chloride and ferrous chloride. On the other hand, graphene oxide was synthesized using the Hummers method. Chemical sensing is a process that converts a chemical or physical change of a specific analyte into a measurable signal whose magnitude is usually proportional to the concentration of the analyte. The chemical sensor is an analyzer that responds to a particular analyte and reflects

The current study was conducted on six adult males of the Iraqi pin-tailed sandgrouse, Pterocles alchata, to determine the histological structure of the kidneys. The results showed that each kidney consists of three lobes: cranial, middle, and caudal. Histological results showed that the kidneys consist of the cortex and the medullary, and the cortex forms the majority of the kidney, which consists of large and small renal corpuscles. Each renal corpuscle consists of the Bowman capsule, glomerulus, the proximal convoluted tubule, which is  lined with simple cuboidal epithelium tissue with a brush border, the distal convoluted tubules, and the collecting tubules, which are lined with simple cuboidal epithelium tissue. The medull

Structural analysis is a branch of solid mechanics which utilizes straight forward models for solids. The main objective of Structural analysis is to find out the effect of loads on the physical structures and their components. A beam is a structure with a constant cross-section and is described by its significant length in comparison to its thickness and width. A cantilever, on the other hand, is a slender beam with a uniform cross-sectional shape that is fixed horizontally at one end and subjected to a load at the other end. Columns, which serve as vertical compression members in building frames, are susceptible to buckling and failure when subjected to relatively small axial loads. The analysis of loaded beams, cantilevers, and elo

Accelerated technological development has a significant role in highly increasing energy demand, which enhances the interest of companies and governments in adopting renewable energy sources and finding new technologies that enable the effective use of these sources, such as techniques for predicting the amounts of generated and consumed energy, technologies of energy storage, and others. The high complexity of energy networks also necessitates intelligent systems to manage energy production and distribution with high efficiency, which is based on intelligent data analysis techniques. This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the critical impact of intelligent data analysis techniques (Deep Learning and Machine Learning) in the man

In this paper, the Quaternary Continuous Classical Optimal Control Problem (QCCOCP) for the Quaternary Linear Elliptic Partial Differential Equations (QLEPDEqs) is studied. The mathematical model for the proposed problem is formulated, and it consists of the QLEPDEqs, the Objective Function (OF), and the set of state controls. The method of Galerkin (MG) is used to prove the existence theorem of a unique state vector solution (QSVS) of the Weak Form (WF) for the QLEPDEqs when the Quaternary Classical Continuous Control Vector (QCCCV) is fixed. Furthermore, the existence of a Quaternary Classical Continuous Optimal Control Vector (QCCOCV) ruled by the QLEPDEqs is stated and proved. The Quaternary Adjoint Equations (QAJEqs) associated with

In the present study, nanoderivatives were prepared for graphene sheets that were functionalized with triazoles, starting with the thermal treatment of a mixture of carbon disulfide and hydrazine hydrate, which afforded the thiacarbohydrazide (h5). Treatment of the latter with (salicylic and anthranilic) acid via a fuse heated in solid-state gave (h6) and (h7), respectively. Reaction of L-ascorbic acid with dry acetone in the presence of dry hydrogen chloride afforded the acetone (h1). Treatment of the latter with p-nitrobenzoyl chloride in pyridine yielded the ester (h2), which was dissolved in 65% acetic acid in absolute ethanol and yielded the glycol (h3). The reaction of the glycol with sodium periodate in distilled water at room tem

Polyacrylonitrile nanofiber (PANFS), a well-known polymers, has been extensively employed in the manufacturing of carbon nanofibers (CNFS), which have recently gained substantial attention due to their excellent features, such as spinnability, environmental friendliness, and commercial feasibility. Because of their high carbon yield and versatility in tailoring the final CNFS structure, In addition to the simple formation of ladder structures through nitrile polymerization to yield stable products, CNFS and PAN have been the focus of extensive research as potential production precursors. For instance, the development of biomedical and high-performance composites has now become achievable. PAN homopolymer or PAN-based precursor copolymer

  The novel (La-PAA) of the ligand 8-[3-(pyrazoyl)azo]Adenine (PAA) was synthesized with the molar ratio (1:3), which was appointed by using the mole ratio method. The C.H.N.S elemental analysis, magnetic measurement, thermal analysis, and spectral methods (UV-Vis, FTIR, and HNMR) were employed to support the mode of binding and geometrical structure for ligand (PAA) and (La-PAA) complex. The FTIR and 1H N.M.R. spectral results showed that the (PAA) acts as neutral N, N-bidentate with La (III), as well as the absorption results in specific octahedral structures for (La-PAA) complex. The thermal decomposition of the (PAA) ligand and its (La-PAA) complex performed many steps, and the (La-PAA) complex is more thermal stable than the free l

The aim of this work is an extension of the   -caps (  is the order, is the degree), where , in the three projective space of dimension over the Galois field of order thirteen, . The extensions have been done on the caps founded by action subgroups of projective general linear of order four over the finite field of order thirteen on .  The main condition for the completion of the expansion process on the degree of caps is  (number of points on the line in ) and the size  of the cap is points with a zero index zero, as it becomes complete when it is equal to zero. In this paper, we present fifteen caps (completes and incompletes) in  of degrees 2,3,4,7 are extended in size until they reach 14, which are then complete caps, and then

        The surface disintegration of metals and alloys in a particular surrounding environment is known as corrosion, in addition to its chemical qualities, corrosion processes change the physical and mechanical properties of a metal alloy. A new approach based on a unique material has been employed to prevent rusting. Conducting polymer-composites are material types that show promise for anticorrosion by electrochemical synthesis of polylimonene/metals oxide nanocomposite (ZnO,TiO₂) on Stainless Steel 304L, which plays as the working electrode by using the electropolymerization technique. The synthesized coating polymer was characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy checkups.

This paper deals with the histological structure of the pseudobranch of mosquito fish (Gambusia holbrooki), which lives in an Iraqi environment. The laboratory placed the adult fish, both male and female, in a fishbowl. The head is fixed in solution Bouin′s aqueous; using the routine method that is colored with H&E stains. The microscopic slide observations show the pseudobranch in the adult is located in the cranial region on both sides of the head, It is a submerged type. The fish features some oval parts that are connected to each other by a thick connective tissue, forming a triangular cavity in the middle, and also features an irregular dashed line of melanophore. It bears resemblance to the respiratory gill

The study aimed to determine how the oil refinery water affected the growth characteristics of the radish plant. The refinery's water treatment unit's main isolation basins, representing the first factor, pre-treatment water, initiate the cycle, while the final sedimentation basin provides the second factor, post-treatment water. It was used two factors and three replications, with each factor containing seven volumes: 0.00, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3 Ml/kg. After soil preparation, wastewater was added. It was sowed radish seeds and, after 55 days, doubled the quantity of oil waste water to irrigate the plants. It was harvested the plants during the flowering stage, 129 days after sowing and measured the plant's height, number o

We conducted a taxonomic and phenotypic study on Bagrada hilaris, collected from various regions in central Iraq such as Baghdad, Diyala, and Babel governorates, between the end of May and October 2022. The study showed that the third segment of the antennae is the longest of all segments, and the head contains a pair of simple brown eyes. The rostrum extends to the end of the hind leg coxa, and each abdominal ring contains a pair of spiracles. The tarsus consists of three segments and bears a pair of claws. The phallus and paramere, representing male genitalia, consist of two parts: a medium-thick basal part known as the stem and a broad apical part known as the blade. The blade consists of two protrusions of unequal length. Th

The recent study's goal was to use honey to reduce the acute effects of passive smoking on rats' pulmonary tissues. A total of 28 adult male rats were categorized into four groups: (1) control group; (2) rats were given honey (100 mg/kg BW/30 days); (3) rats were exposed to the cigarette smoke for 30 days; and (4) rats were given honey (100 mg/kg BW/14 days); previously,  the rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for 30 days. The mean Wet/Dry values were significantly higher in the KAR group than in the NC rats. While the PTV rats showed a notable decline in comparison to the KAR rats, the PTV rats showed no change with the NC rats. Also, after 30 days of exposure to KAR, we observed numerous changes in the rats' gross lung lesions and m

The availability of different processing levels for satellite images makes it important to measure their suitability for classification tasks. This study investigates the impact of the Landsat data processing level on the accuracy of land cover classification using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The classification accuracy values of Landsat 8 (LS8) and Landsat 9 (LS9) data at different processing levels vary notably. For LS9, Collection 2 Level 2 (C2L2) achieved the highest accuracy of (86.55%) with the polynomial kernel of the SVM classifier, surpassing the Fast Line-of-Sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes (FLAASH) at (85.31%) and Collection 2 Level 1 (C2L1) at (84.93%). The LS8 data exhibits similar behavior. C

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles were combined with a mixture of polymers: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). TiO₂ nanoparticles were formed by the sol–gel process, and nanocomposites were prepared with concentrations 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt% of TiO₂ nanoparticles after subjecting them to a calcination process at temperatures of about 400 °C and 700 °C, and with polymer blends of different concentrations (PVA various wt%, PEG constant wt%, and PVP constant wt%). A UV–Vis spectrometer was used to determine the optical constants of the prepared samples, namely, the absorption coefficients and Urbach energies. It was observed that the Urbach ene

The thermal evaporation technique is used to investigate the structural and optical properties of ZnIn₂(Se_1-0.2Te_0.2)₄ (ZIST) chalcopyrite semiconductors. ZnIn₂(Se_0.8Te_0.2)₄ thin films with a thickness of 500 nm are taken into consideration, and the effect of annealing at various temperatures ranged from R.T, 373, 473 K. (ZIST) Thin film is widely regarded as a remarkable semiconductor material for the development of second-generation solar cells. ZnIn₂(Se_0.8Te_0.2)₄ films are polycrystalline with excellent stoichiometric composition, as shown by XRD and AFM investigations. According to a structural study, an

The current study investigated ways temperature affects the structural and Material features of ZnO. The temperature varied between 300,500 and 700°C. Zinc oxide's physical characteristics were determined using diffraction of x-rays. The patterns of x-ray diffraction revealed the excellent purity, crystalline, and nanoscale nature of the ZnO nanoparticles. size was found and computed using the Halder-Wagner method, in that order. As the temperature of annealing rises, the size of the crystallite grew. Therefore, it was found that the annealing temperature greatly affects structural and morphological characteristics. The specimen was examined to compute physical and microstructural characteristics like lattice strain, dislocation density

Sixty patients (male and female) with β-thalassemia major and thirty healthy subjects were enrolled in this study during their attendance at "Abin AL-Baladi Hospital in Baghdad" from September 2022 to January 2023. All patients and healthy subjects ranged in age from 15 to 30 years, and we collected the necessary data with their consent, adhering to the College of Science's ethics (CSEC/0922/0104 in 2022/9/28). Venous blood was collected and divided into two parts: the first part for the determination of CBC, and the second part was allowed to coagulate for serum separation to measure the level of C-reactive protein, ferritin, and pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 by using the ELISA Kit. The results showe

The level density is a parameter that has great importance in the theoretical nuclear calculation, and it is considered a key of many theoretical studies, therefore, the level density in pre-equilibrium reaction or what is the so-called accurate partial level density PLD has been studied. The partial  level density PLD  used  in pre-equilibrium reactions is dependent on the parameter called single particle level density which can be calculated by two methods either using the equidistant spacing model (ESM) or non-equidistant spacing model (non-ESM)  In this study, the parameter   is estimated by using the relation between the level density parameter  and  based on Ericson and Williams's formulas (  )  is substituted from the Tho

        Assume that G be a finite group and let I(G) be the set of the involution elements in G. The result involution graph denoted by , , is an undirected simple graph having the elements of G as a vertex set. Moreover, two vertices in are connected by an edge if they are distinct and their product belong to I(G). The objective of this work is to investigate the result involution graph for the Janko group J₃. In this paper we compute different result involution graph features, such as the radius, the diameter, the clique number, and the girth. Furthermore, the connectedness of the result involution graph is determined. All of the steps needed for analyzing the result involution graph were carried out using the computa