This present study demonstrated that liver was involved in 14 %of typhoid patients manifesting with  hepatomegaly. Elevation of serum enzymes in typhoid fever was presumably of a muscular origin, while elevation of liver enzyme was relatively less common.       This study was performed on 30 female patients diagnosed by ultrasound (US) of abdomen, with paratyphoid A, ranged between (20-40) years  compared with 30 healthy control .Patients volunteers were treated with appropriate antibiotics for 14 days and investigations were repeated 2-3 week after completion of treatment. Patients had clinical and biochemical evidence of hepatic dysfunction. The spectrum of hepatic involvement included hepa

    This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of anemia among  students (males and females) of the Technical and Medical Institute/ Al-Mansoor, Baghdad. 135 students aged 20 -22 years were subjected. Twenty-one students were found to be anemic. The prevalence of anemia among students was 15.55%, with no significant difference to sex. Then, the anemic students were treated with tablets of ferrous sulfate twice daily for 60 days. The treatment markedly elevated the hemoglobin concentration of both males and females and decreased the prevalence of anemia from 15.55% to 5.92%. The decrease in prevalence of anemia tended to be higher in anemic females as than anemic males (15.51% and 15.58% before treatment an

A computational investigation is carried out in the field of charged particle optics with the aid of the numerical analysis methods. The work is concerned with the design of symmetrical double pole piece magnetic lens.  The axial magnetic flux density distribution is determined by using exponential model, from which the paraxial-ray equation is solved to obtain the trajectory of particles that satisfy the suggested exponential model.  From the knowledge of the first and second derivatives of axial potential distribution, the optical properties such as the focal length and aberration coefficients (radial distortion coefficient and spiral distortion coefficient) are determined.  Finally, the pole piece profiles capable of pr

The current study investigated ways temperature affects the structural and Material features of ZnO. The temperature varied between 300,500 and 700°C. Zinc oxide's physical characteristics were determined using diffraction of x-rays. The patterns of x-ray diffraction revealed the excellent purity, crystalline, and nanoscale nature of the ZnO nanoparticles. size was found and computed using the Halder-Wagner method, in that order. As the temperature of annealing rises, the size of the crystallite grew. Therefore, it was found that the annealing temperature greatly affects structural and morphological characteristics. The specimen was examined to compute physical and microstructural characteristics like lattice strain, dislocation density

        The study examines the impact of thickness on the electrical resistance of Ruthenium at room temperature. By applying the Fuchs-Sondheier and Mayadas Shatzkces models, the study establishes a linear relationship between thickness and grain boundary scattering. The M.S. model is crucial in calculating the size impact, accounting for all types of scattering affecting grain boundaries. On the other hand, the F.S. model focuses on explaining conduction electron scattering on material surfaces, particularly on tiny grains. The study's equation, derived from these two models, considers surface scattering and metal resistance to determine an experimental thickness that depends on metal resistivity. The Boltzmann Equation can be ut

Obesity is a chronic disease that may have genetic, environmental, and other causes. Obesity is a shortcut to many diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and other chronic diseases. Oxidative stress increases obesity through free radicals. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a metabolic enzyme used to remove toxins. This study aimed to determine GST activity in obese patients as a predictor of oxidative stress and the effectiveness of lipid profiling in obese patients. The study included 139 samples of obese and healthy people (obese group 84 and healthy group 55). Both groups (obese and healthy groups) were divided into four groups based on body mass index. Blood samples were collected from obese males and females in

The attached Cyanophyta community is a model for monitoring aquatic systems and interpreting environmental change in aquatic systems. The present study aims to conduct a seasonal study on Cyanophyta attached to the concrete abutments of three bridges (Al-Jadriya Bridge, Bab Al-Moadam Bridge, and Al-Muthanna Bridge) in the Tigris River within the city of Baghdad, central Iraq (from October 2021 to June 2022). The study included the quality of Cyanophyta and, the eleven environmental parameters (water temperature, electric conductivity, salinity, pH, total alkalinity, Calcium, Magnesium, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen). Monthly samples were taken from the water under each bridge from three sa

This study aims to find the time-dependent potential terms in the two inverse problems of the third-order pseudo-parabolic with initial and various boundary conditions supplemented by the overdetermination data. The nonlinear inverse problems have significant applications in physics and engineering fields. We proved the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the two problems are being proved, but they still need to be proposed (since tiny perturbations in input data cause considerable errors in the output potential term). Consequently, the regularized methods should be employed. A finite difference schema is used for solving direct problems. In contrast, the inverse problems were reformulated as nonlinear least-square minimization a

     Many studies have found effective oral influenza virus inhibitors based on an aryl benzoyl hydrazide scaffold and antiviral. This study aims to prepare a new series of derivatives containing succinohydrazide as a precursor. In the first step, after synthesis of their precursor, it has been prepared di benzoyl succinohydrazide using a two-step process that involved reacting (o,m,p)-chloro benzoic acid with thionyl chloride to obtain freshly prepared substituted benzoyl chloride derivatives that were then reacted with succinohydrazide, or by a second method, directly reacting substituted benzoyl chloride with succinohydrazide to give benzoylsuccinohydrazide derivatives. After that, different derivatives were prepared involving the

     Leuciscidae species are the abundant and widely distributed fish species in Iraq's inland waters. They are complex species, and morphology makes them difficult to identify. Molecular analysis achieved and confirmed the morphological characters. Twenty specimens of Acanthobrama marmid were collected from two localities at Tigris River, in the middle of Iraq; 15 specimens from the Al-Zubaydia sub-district and five specimens from Al-Tharthar Lake. We used the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b (cytb) gene to sequence the DNA of A. marmid. The following analysis are compared the sequences with those of other fish genera and species found in the Gene Bank. The barcoding result (DNA sequencing) in fishes found in the sam

      People often refer to scabies as the "7-year itch," but it is more appropriate to refer to it as a "family disease" (1, 15). Scabies mites penetrate the stratum corneum epidermis of the skin at the onset of infection (2, 16). The current study involved the collection of blood samples from a patient group infected with scabies disease, comprising sixty individuals, and a control group of sixty individuals who were in good health. The tests showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the scabies patients and the control group for Hb (12.86± 0.31, 12.88± 0.20), PCV (34.40±0.94, 40.35±0.59), and platelets (244.80±9.58, 237.23±8.97), Respectively. There were also significant differences at the 0.00

The current study aimed to identify the morphological description of the domestic cat tongue; thus for this purpose, five domestic cats of both sexes were collected from the local markets of Baghdad governorate, and then the animals were anesthetized and the tongue was removed from them. Fresh tongue samples were fixed using formalin (10%), and the preserved samples were dyed with methyl blue. The results showed that the tongue is an elongated organ divided into three regions: a somewhat flat rounded apex, this region contains a central depression called the middle groove. The second region is the lingual body region represents the largest region of the tongue, whereas its last region, called the root which has a lingual prominence on it

The Tamarix aphylla is a wild perennial shrub with erect stems that are long and glabrous. They have leaves that are simple, alternate, sheathed, and the apex of the blade is acuminate. And a scaly clawed bract and the the inflorescences were simple, spike-like. The pistil consists of ovary pyramidal, 3 styles, and 3 stigmas. The androecium consists of five stamens that are antisepalous. The perianth was distinct with five sepals and five petals. The fruits were capsule-shaped, pyramidal, and smooth. The seed has an apical pappus of unicellular hygroscopic hairs; endosperm is absent. The anatomical study of the leaves contained a uniseriate epidermis consisting of one layer of elongated cells covered by a layer of papillary cuti

Abstract

Psoriasis is defined as a series of events that begins in its initial stage with dermatitis and then progresses to more widespread inflammation and increased oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to determine whether psoriasis and the levels of IL-15, IL-23, and TNF-α are related, the ELISA technique was used to detect the levels of inflammation in psoriasis patients and to compare them with healthy individuals. This study included 150 samples, including 90 patients with psoriasis and 60 healthy individuals, and the study was conducted from November 2021 to April 2022. The current study revealed that there was a significant difference in the level of TNF-α in the group of psoriasis patients compa

In this study, an extract from bamboo leaves was used to prepare ZnO NPs, CuO NPs, and ZnO/CuO NPs in a safe, efficient, and eco-friendly manner to reduce the toxicity of nanomaterials and their use in medical applications. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the synthesized nanoparticles. The average crystalline size was 22 nm for ZnO, 13.8 nm for CuO, and 14.7 nm for the CuO-ZnO composite. ZnO nanoparticles were hexagonal, while CuO nanoparticles were monoclinic. FESEM demonstrated that the produced nanoparticles were formed in various configurations, combining spherical flower shapes with nanorods with sizes ranging from 30 to 60 nm, which promotes the creation of images and nanoparticles. EDX analysis verified that all s

The current study aimed to determine the effect of exposure to different colors of light and culture media with different concentrations of nutrients on growth curves, growth rates, doubling times of Chlorococcum humicola and different harvest times. The studied algae were grown in two different media, Chu13 and BG11 for comparison purpose with the effect of three colors of white, blue, and red lights. White light was adopted as a control factor. The harvest was carried out after the days (7, 14, 21, 28, 35) days of development to determine the highest growth rate in the shortest time during five weeks and therefore to determine the best harvest time in producing the highest growth rates and growth curves and the lowest doubling

To identify some of the virulence features (hemolysine, gelatenase, and biofilm formation) to study the gene expression of esp gene responsible for biofilm formation in E. faecalis bacteria.

Seventy isolates of E. faecalis were collected from diverse clinical causes, containing (urine, stool, wounds, uterine secretions) from numerous hospitals clinics in Baghdad city; Central Child Teaching Hospital, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, and the National Center for Educational Laboratories, during the period 1-7-2022 until 1-9-2022. Detection of some virulence factors (Hemolysin, Gelatinase, biofilm), Antibiotics sensitivity antibiotics was determined using VITEK2 system. esp gene expression responsible fo

Drought stress resulting from the depletion of available water in the soil leads to disturbances in the plant's metabolic processes, reducing productivity due to its decreased ability to absorb water and essential nutrients. This study aimed to evaluate the interactive effects of three bread wheat varieties (Adna 99, Bohooth 22, and Wafia), three drought stress levels (25% control, 50%, and 75% depletion of available water), and foliar application of micronutrients(control) iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (mn) at 100 mg L-¹) and no spraying on agro-biochemical characteristics. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that as drought conditio

In this paper, we present the concept of the radical of an Endo-Restricted Bounded submodule and establish its characterization, which is regarded as a new notion. In addition, we study the relationship between the radical of submodules and the radical of an Endo-Restricted Bounded submodules and this connection will give us important results in terms of their radical. Furthermore, this article will demonstrate numerous properties and corollaries that elucidate the concept of the Endo-Restricted Bounded submodule's radical. This work includes a new class of T-module as well as a T-submodule called the Endo-Restricted Bounded Module (submodule), written briefly as the Endo-R.B. module (submodule), provided with some examples that illustra

A low-cost thermal evaporation deposition technique has been used for the preparation of Cu₂Se thin films on glass substrates at RT with a thickness of 500 nm. Structural and optical properties of these films were investigated.  Structural characterization of the films was done using X-ray diffraction XRD analyses, atomic force microscopy AFM was used for the morphological characterization of the film samples, and UV-Vis spectroscopy was also used for the characterization of the samples. The films have been treated at different temperatures (403, 453 &503) K for 1 hour. X-ray diffraction (XRD-with wavelength 1.54 A) study of these films suggests a cubic structure and has prominent (220) orientation. And AFM analysis, it i

Fusarium wilt is one of the most significant diseases that affects tomato plants and is caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum, whether in fields or greenhouses. The current research aimed to identify the Fusarium incarnatum (Desm.) Sacc. agent that causes Fusarium wilt on tomato plants for the first time in Iraq by morphological and molecular methods, in addition to detecting the phylogenetic distance and similarity of the Iraqi isolates to other isolates globally. In January of 2023, the wilt signs were apparent on wilted tomato plants in Al-Mahmoudiya fields in Iraq. The isolate was confirmed and molecularly diagnosed according to the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The se

Type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) is growing rapidly around the world, due in large part to significant changes in the modern human lifestyle. T2DM and its complications are affected by a complex interplay of genetic, life course, ecological, cultural, socioeconomic, cognitive-psychological-behavioral, and access to care factors that influence regional variations in disease burden and care quality by gender. This study aims to investigate the role of laminin subunit alpha 2 (LAMA2), mixed lineage leukemia 4 (MLL4), plexin domain containing 2 (PLXDC2), and Protein Z (PORZ) as potential biomarkers for T2DM at different durations of the disease. These biomarkers were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. While biochemical param

Escherichia coli O157 urinary tract infections are quite widespread all over the world. Few clinical investigations have indicated that ascorbic acid supplementation shortens the duration and symptoms of urinary tract infections. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ascorbic acid was impacted by the antibiotic therapy indicated for urinary tract isolates of E. coli O157. Our study aimed to determine the efficacy of ciprofloxacin, ascorbic acid, or a combination of both in eliminating Escherichia coli O157 bacteria that had grown in the urethra of male Wistar albino rats. Following infection events, the animals exhibited significant increases in serum and urine biochemical markers linked to kidney damage. W

The ground-state properties like the nuclear densities and the root mean square (rms) radii for exotic neutron-rich nuclei ¹⁴B and ¹⁸N have been investigated using the Skyrme Hartree-Fock and Bear-Hodgson calculations to study the structure of these nuclei. The results of the evaluation are contrasted with the experimental data that is currently available. It found that a common feature of the neutron and matter densities for the above-selected exotic nuclei is the long tail behavior. We assumed that both ¹⁴B and ¹⁸N have a structure of the core nuclei ¹³B and ¹⁷N plus a valence neutron. It found that the structure of the valence one-neutron of ¹⁴B and ¹⁸

In this work, we have carried out a detailed theoretical analysis of the nuclear deformations of some of the nuclei situated in the vicinity and within the nuclear Island of Inversion. The properties that were studied included the calculation of the magnetic moment and the electric quadrupole moment to gather with reduced quadrupole deformation parameter for even-even isotopes of Ne, Mg, and Si nuclei, to explain the behavior of the nuclei in question, and how much they deviate from the spherical shape in this critical region. All theoretical computations were conducted utilizing the NushellX@MSU shell model code within the sd space with the effective two-body interaction USDC. The comparative analysis with available experimental data re

Diffractive lenses form images based on the principle of light diffraction, unlike conventional lenses that rely on the phenomenon of refraction to form images. Diffractive lenses consist of precisely aligned structures of holes or slits that act as optical gratings. They are arranged to give the lens the optical property of changing the path of incident rays, creating an image pattern similar to that of conventional lenses. This work aims to study the image characteristics formed by diffractive lenses by conducting a computer simulation in the Zemax optical design software. The analysis tools available in the software are then used to study the quality of the resulting image and evaluate the performance of the diffractive lens. The resu

The purpose of this research is to present the new set that is named open set, where the set was defined and the general properties And the basic concepts and properties of the set were explained, such as the open set, the intersection, and the union. also In this paper the separation  axioms were defined and studied in ideal topological spaces in a new way. and discuss some properties. Also  discuss the relationship of our definition with other definitions and prove some results in the context of separation axioms in ideal topological space on this set, where the axioms of the type - space, -space and  – space were defined and the basic concepts and generalizations of these axioms on the set were studied. In addition  the  relati

A time series is a sequence of observations recorded at regular intervals. Time series analysis has applications in diverse fields such as finance, stock prices, economics, environmental science, and social network data analysis. The recorded series is used to represent a measurable quantity or attribute, such as temperature readings, economic indicators, or other variables, depending on the context of the analysis. The idea of time series analysis is to identify patterns, trends, or underlying structures within the data, as well as to make predictions or forecasts about future values based on previous observations. Autoregressive (AR) models are widely used in modeling and forecasting data from time series. This work focuses on AR model

The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Nano powders of Cloves, Cinnamon, and Turmeric in inhibiting fungal growth and Ochratoxin a (OTA) production by Penicillium polonicum and reducing the toxin in liquid media. The research highlights the reduction of ochratoxin toxins using environmentally friendly plant Nano powders that are safe for human and animal consumption. They are mainly used in food as flavorings and preservatives. The Nano treatments of cloves, cinnamon, and the mixture (Cloves-Cinnamon-Turmeric) achieved complete inhibition of fungal growth and OTA toxin production by 100% for concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8%). The treatment of Nano Turmeric powder did not inhibit fungal growth at all concentrations. However, it

Commercial graphite (CGT) powder was used as an adsorbent surface for cationic dye, Janus green (JG), from aqueous solutions. This study aims to highlight the practical significance of using inexpensive CGT as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of JG dye from industrial wastewater. CGT was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The adsorption process was investigated by examining parameters like the weight of the adsorbent, contact time, and temperature. Pseudo-second-order kinetic (PSO), pseudo-first-order, and intraparticle diffusion were used for analyzing the kinetic data. JG dye's adsorption kinetics fit the PSO kinetic model well (R²= 0.999). Fur