Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory illness that affects the whole body and is characterized by non-articular involvement and inflammatory arthritis. It often develops by an interaction between genes and environmental factors.

Objectives: This research was designed to investigate the effect of the imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines on patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in comparison, with healthy controls.

Methods: Two groups (One"hundred) of patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (66female, 34 male) and 50 healthy control group (28female, 22 male)) were chosen in this study to investigate the effect of some la

Background: Leptin and asprosin are adipokines secreted by white adipose tissue. The leptin and asprosin molecules have many functions in the central nervous system and other functions of the body: Appetite, glucose ‎metabolism, ‎insulin resistance, and cellular death.

Objectives: The study aims to determine the potential relationship between leptin and asprosin hormones in female patients with type II diabetes mellitus.

Methods: The present study was conducted in Al-Mahmodia Hospital / Baghdad and the laboratories of the College of Science for Girls / University of Baghdad / Iraq, for the period from 1/11/2023 to 1/2/ 2024. This study is a comparative analysis of sever

Background: One of the top three causes of death and morbidity is cardiovascular disease Myocardial infarction is a clinical illness defined by quickly growing severe myocardial ischemia. It is the most frequent health problem in the world and the main cause of mortality.

Objectives: The study aims to assess the dietary pattern of food intake frequency for patients with post- myocardial infarction.

Patients & Methods: The quasi-experimental design has been carried out to determine the impact of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension system on patients with post-myocardial infarction, in the Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital's cardiac outpatient clinic

Background: Urinary tract infections are one of the most common bacterial illnesses among the public and in hospital settings. A prevalent nosocomial disease is catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). The risk of infection increases with urinary catheterization, making it easier for Escherichia coli to colonize the urinary system. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) specifically adapts to survive in challenging urinary tract conditions. Treating CAUTI accurately and effectively can be difficult. An important health concern nowadays is drug-resistant bacteria.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of swarming genes in E. coli responsible for UTIs and catheter-associated UTIs,

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome is among the leading causes of fertility-related problems and menstrual irregularities in women of reproductive age. The granulosa cells of the developing pre-antral and antral follicles produce inhibin B, which triggers chemical responses in the ovaries. Inhibin B is most often observed in the follicular phase when levels peak early and then decline over time

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the role of serum inhibin B and the Luteinizing Hormone / Follicle Stimulating Hormone ratio in differentiation between the different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome as well as to define the predominant PCOS phenotype. 

Background: Hypovitaminosis D can cause immunological irregularities in the development of immune thrombocytopenia.

Objectives: To identify the frequency of low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in children with Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and to assess the effect of the disease phase and type of treatment on vitamin D level.

Methods: This case-control study was carried out on 88 children (63 had been diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia and 25 healthy children as controls) during November 2023 and April 2024. The patients were sub-grouped according to global classification of vitamin D level into three groups: less than 10 ng/ml (n = 47), 10–20 ng/ml (n = 16), and

Background: Osteoporosis (OP) is a prevalent age-related condition that increases the risk of fracture and bone fragility, as result loss of bone mass as well as micro-architectural degradation of the bone, thereby reducing the mass and strength of bone. Human β-defensin (HBD-3) is ananti-inflammatory peptide andcrucial part of the human innate immune system. Giving early therapeutic intervention for OP requires an early diagnosis.

Objectives: To evaluate the serum HBD-3 accuracy of diagnosis in patients with osteoporosis.

Methods: The study was conducted in the National Joint Center at Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad during September - Octobe

Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective method for long-term weight loss. Rapid weight reduction after BS may contribute to the formation of gallstones.

Objectives: To assess the rate, and to identify the associated factors, of gallstone formation after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among 128 patients with morbid obesity, who were treated with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and followed up at two weeks, one month, six months, and one year after surgery between October 2018 and July 2020, at the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital in Baghdad and the Dowaly Private Hospital. Data was collected using

Background: Beta-thalassemia major is a prevalent global condition characterized by a rapid breakdown of red blood cells. Regular blood transfusions can give rise to problems such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and renal disorders. Alpha-Klotho protein is a protein that has anti-aging properties and is involved in several functions, including reducing oxidative stress, regulating energy metabolism through several routes, and managing calcium and phosphate metabolism.

Objective: This study aimed to assess changes in calcium and phosphate levels, Alpha-Klotho protein concentration, and their associations with cardiac dysfunction in patients with Beta-thalassemia major.

Background: Lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) is a common musculoskeletal disorder that frequently causes low back pain (LBP). In addition to the discomfort of lower back pain, it can accompany pain in one or both legs. The lumbar spine and sacrum, consisting of five vertebrae and one bone, determine the spine's balance. Microelements are essential in bone metabolism and are associated with the prevention of osteoporosis and the alleviation of musculoskeletal pain.

Objectives: To examine the correlation between lumbar spinal surgery and the concentrations of microelements, namely zinc and copper.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted in Ghazi Al-Hariri Hospital in Baghda

Background: Primary myelofibrosis is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by abnormal megakaryocyte proliferation and fibrosis that destroys healthy bone marrow. This results in extramedullary hematopoiesis, variable blood cell deficiencies, hepatosplenomegaly, general symptoms, progression to leukemia, and a reduced lifespan. Myelofibrosis can occur as a de novo myeloproliferative neoplastic disorder or evolve from other myeloproliferative neoplasms, including Polycythemia Vera or Essential Thrombocytosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-protein-coding RNA molecules, typically 18–24 nucleotides in length. Dysregulation of miRNAs may contribute to the disease phenotype.

Background: Male infertility is a multifactorial condition influenced by various physiological and biochemical factors. Seminal fluid composition plays a crucial role in sperm function and fertilization potential. Chitotriosidase is a chitinase enzyme released by activated macrophages and is highly conserved and controlled. The notable chitinase in humans plays a significant role in the body's immunological response and is linked to inflammation, infection, tissue damage, and remodeling processes. On the other hand, malondialdehyde is a marker of lipid peroxidation, reflecting oxidative stress levels.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the correlation between malondialdehyde levels and Chitotr

الخلفية: منذ إعلان منظمة الصحة العالمية عن مرض فيروس كورونا 19 باعتباره جائحة، أثير قلق كبير حول النساء الحوامل وأجنتهن. على الرغم من التأثير الكبير لمرض فايروس كورونا 19 على الحمل، كان هناك ندرة في الأبحاث الوطنية التي تناقش هذه القضية المهمة.

هدف الدراسة: دراسة الخصائص السريرية والمخبرية للحوامل المصابات بفايروس كورونا 19 وخاصة تشوهات الدم المحيطي.

منهجية البحث: هذه الدراس

المقدمة :يعد سرطان المثانة من بين أكثر أنواع السرطانات انتشارًا في جميع أنحاء العالم، حيث تم الإبلاغ عن 549,393 حالة جديدة في عام 2018 وما يقرب من ٪3 من جميع تشخيصات السرطان الجديدة و ٪2.1 من جميع وفيات السرطان ناتجة عن سرطان المثانة البولية.

الاهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى استكشاف كفاءة وظائف الجهاز البولي بواسطة اجراء اختبارات وظائف الكلى ومستويات الايونات لمرضى سرطان المثا

الخلفية: متلازمة تكيس المبايض هي اضطراب الغدد الصماء الأكثر شيوعًا لدى النساء في سن الإنجاب.  النساء المصابات بهذه المتلازمة اكثرتعرضا للإصابة بمضاعفات مثل ارتفاع مستوى الدهون في الدم  وارتفاع ضغط الدم والسمنة.  السمنة هي حالة من تراكم الدهون المفرط الذي يؤدي إلى تطور مضاعفات متعددة بما في ذلك داء السكري من النوع ۲ ومرض الكبد الدهني غير الكحولي وأمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية. بودوكاليكسين هو أحد ا

الخلفية: سورافينيب هو مثبط متعدد للكيناز عن طريق الفم تم منحه الموافقة من قبل إدارة الغذاء والدواء الأمريكية لعلاج المرضى الذين تم تشخيص إصابتهم بسرطان الخلايا الكبدية وسرطان الخلايا الكلوية المتقدم. ومع ذلك ، قد يوفر قياس جودة الحياة والأعراض التي أبلغ عنها المريض مزيدًا من المعلومات لتقييم ومقارنة فعالية العلاج وملامح السمية أثناء علاج السرطان. على الرغم من الأهمية الحاسمة لنوعية حياة المرضى أ

 الخلفية: ضعف الإنتصاب هو عدم القدرة المستمرة على أداء الإنتصاب والحفاظ عليه بقوة كافية لتحقيق التفاعل الجنسي وهو ناتج عن اعتلال الأعصاب اللاإرادي، أو أسباب مرتبطة باعتلال الأوعية الدموية، أو عجز الغدد الصماء، أو بسبب أدوية معينة، أو المشاكل النفسية والإجتماعية.

الهدف: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى مقارنة إعتلال العصب الفرجي مقابل إعتلال الأطراف العصبية لدى مرضى السكري الذين يشكون من ضعف الإ

 الخلفية: - يُعرف التهاب حمة الدماغ الناجم عن الفيروس باسم التهاب  الدماغ الفيروسي الذي يتعايش بشكل متكرر مع التهاب السحايا الفيروسي وهو أكثر أنواع التهاب الدماغ انتشارًا

الأهداف: - إلقاء الضوء على التهاب الدماغ الفيروسي وأنواعه ووبائياته وأعراضه ومضاعفاته.

النتائج: - على الرغم من أنه يمكن أن يصيب الأشخاص من جميع الأعمار ، إلا أن العدوى الفيروسية هي السبب الأكثر انتشارًا ل

Background: The liver synthesizes albumin, a pivotal protein that accounts for approximately 60-65% of total plasma proteins. During ischemic attacks linked to oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, and acidosis, albumin’s properties undergo alterations. This leads to the generation of ischemia-modified albumin, characterized by a diminished metal-binding capacity, particularly for transition metals like copper, nickel, and cobalt.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the significance of serum albumin and ischemia-modified albumin concentrations in Iraqi individuals with hepatitis B virus

Methods: A case-control study, including 50 patients with hepatitis B recruite

Background: Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease with unknown aetiology that may be associated with the defect in proliferation and differentiation of the keratinocytes related to inflammatory cell infiltration. According to published reports, it is universal in occurrence; its prevalence in different populations varies from 0.1% to 11.8%. Receiving Apremilast resulted in a strong reduction in interleukin 17 and interleukin 23, as well as reduced expression of other inflammatory cytokines and improvement of psoriatic lesions.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of Apremilast on levels of IL-17, IL-23, and lipids in obese psoriatic patients.

Methods: Thirty obe

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) it includes two-condition Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) the prolonged inflammation may cause invasion of the multiple layers of the intestinal walls result in GIT damage. The current study was carried out in Baghdad teaching hospital and gastroenterology hospital from November 2021 to May 2022.  In order to show if the diagnostic marker of IBD which are IL6& calprotectin are rises in saliva as in sera and if there are significant differences in the levels of those markers between UC patients and healthy control subjects.

The subjects included twenty five patients suffering from ulcerative colitis and twenty f

ماذا يحكم ارجاع فرفره أذين القلب الى النبض الطبيعي المباشر أو المتأخر؟                                                               

 د. عمار الحمدي                                 &n

 Background :The retroperitoneal tumors is usually confined to lesions arising from tissues (muscles, fat, lymph nodes, nerves, and, developmental remnant) of this compartment but excluding origin from the retroperitoneal organs (panaceas, kidney, ureters and adrenals). The aim of the study is to focus a light on the types of retroperitoneal tumors, ways of the investigations and the presentations.
Methods :A prospective review study of 25 patients with retroperitoneal tumors has been collected in the Medical City Teaching Hospitals During the period between Jan 2001 to Mar 2004. The data included age, gender, risks factors, clinical presentations, diagnostic modalities and results of histopathology.
Results :14 males (56%) a

Back ground: Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of death allover the world especially in the developed countries. Each year approximately one million veterans aged 50 and older will develop colorectal cancer over the remainder of their lives and nearly 433,000 will die from it. Because most cancers are diagnosed after local or regional spread, nearly half of all patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer will die lWarly detection and management definitely decrease mortality.
Patient and methods: This is a prospective study on fifty patients with colorectal cancer admitted at the first surgical unit in Baghdad teaching hospital since March 2000 till March 2003 The data collected from those fifty patients were analyzed accor

خلفية البحث: ان المغذيات الدقيقة الأساسية الموجودة في تراكيز منخفضة جدا في الجسم مثل السيلينيوم والزنك والنحاس تلعب دورًا

مهمًا في العمليات الفيسيولوجية المختلفة وتعتبر أساسا في الأداء السليم لجهاز المناعة وقد أظهرت العديد من الدراسات أن هده المغذيات

الدقيقة قد يكون لها دور في الصرع الحراري عند الاطفال.

الهدف: تحديد مستوى الزنك والنحاس في ا

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an endemic protozoal disease in Iraq. Recovery from the disease confers a solid and permanent immunity. Vaccination with a living inoculum of promastigotes isolated from culture reduce the incidence of disease.
Objective: To show the efficacy of different types of antigens for protection of Balb/c mice against cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Methods: Thirty Balb Ic mice were divided in to six groups, groups 1-4 were immunized with different types of antigens (heat killed, freezing-thawing, formalin fixed and ultrasonicated). Received June 2005 Group 5 was treated with freshly harvested viable promastigotes from liquid medium as positive Accepted Nov. 2005 control and group 6 was kept as negative con

Background: The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence and the risk factors of asymptomatic pyuria in diabetic female patients.
Methods: The study included 100 diabetic female patients and 100 non diabetic females attending the outpatient in the period from Sep.2001 to Sep.2002.Patients with symptoms of
urinary tract infection were excluded. Asymptomatic pyuria was defined as the presence of more than 10 leukocytes\high power field in an uncentrifuged random urine sample.
Results: Diabetic women more often had asymptomatic pyuria than non diabetic women. The prevalence of asymptomatic pyuria was significantly higher in patients with duration of diabetes exceeding 15 years than those below. Di

الخلفية: قصور القلب هو متلازمة إكلينيكية معقدة تنتج عن أي مرض قلبي وظيفي أو هيكلي يقلل من قدرة البطين على تعبئة الدم أو ضخه. فقر الدم شائع لدى مرضى قصور القلب ويرتبط بالتدهور من خلال تنشيط المسارات الهرمونية العصبية. عقار داباكليفلوزين  هو مثبط انتقائي وقابل للانعكاس للناقل المشترك للصوديوم الجلوكوز 2 (SGLT2). يزيد داباجليفلوزين من مستوى الهيموجلوبين من خلال آليات مختلفة مثل زيادة تركيز البلازما عن طر

Background: Hypertension is a chronic illness that affects one billion people both in high and low-income countries and is the most common risk factor for death throughout the world. It is also responsible for stroke, ischemic heart disease, heart, and kidney failure in addition to its huge effect on the economy. Like many developing countries, Iraq is undergoing a transitional epidemiological period with increasing burden of hypertension and its contributing risk factors e.g. unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity, hyperg

الملخص

خلفية: تسبب فيروس كورونا 2  في   في جائحة مرض فيروس كورونا 2019 التي اثرت على العالم . تصيب متلازمة التهاب الجهاز التنفسي الشديد الخلية المضيفة باستخدام الإنزيم المحول للأنجيوتنسين 2  كمستقبل له. يعتبر ابلين أو محفزة المستقبلات تأثيرًا وقائيًا في الكوفيد-19من خلال قمع إنتاج الإنزيم المحول للأنجيوتنسين  وإنتاج الأنجيوتنسين 2 (Ang-II).

الهدف: هدفت الدراسة إلى تق