Background: Urinary tract infections are one of the most common bacterial infections, caused mainly by Escherichia coli. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) possess virulence factors that can worsen infections, partly regulated by the BarA/UvrY two-component system, which controls genes associated with adhesion, motility, and biofilm formation through small RNAs and carbon metabolism regulators.

Objectives: To determine the pathogenicity and some genotype features of Escherichia coli from urine specimens collected from young women patients and assess their antibiotic resistance.

Methods: Between September and November 2024, 20

Background: Breast cancer is a leading malignancy in women, shaped by genetic and environmental factors. Resistin, a potential chemotherapy target, may contribute to chemoresistance when mutated. This study applies computational methods to analyze how single-nucleotide polymorphisms alter resistin’s structure and function, potentially reducing its chemotherapy sensitivity.

Methods:  A total of 105 fresh blood samples were collected from patients recruited from the Oncology Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq. between March-2020 and September-2023. Samples were classified into 3 groups of 35 samples each: control, benign and patients. DNA extraction, PCR, Sanger sequencing and computa

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders and autoimmune diseases.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D and the pathogenesis of primary hypothyroidism.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, and Endocrinology and Diabetes Clinic. The study involved 81 patients aged 29-62 years, with 24 newly diagnosed hypothyroidism, 33 had established hypothyroidism, and 24 had subclinical hypothyroidism. The control group consisted of 40 healthy individuals aged 29-62 years. The study used the MAGLUMI® 800 analyzer Chemiluminesce

Background: Cell-cycle-regulating proteins, including cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B p27^kip1_, have been researched in different malignancies, including thyroid carcinoma, and their association with tumor aggressiveness and recurrence has been examined in many tumors.

Objective: This research aimed to examine the clinicopathological relevance of reduced cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B p27^kip1 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma and its association with the clinicopathological parameters indicative of papillary thyroid carcinoma aggressiveness. 

Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-e

Background: Axial spondyloarthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder driven by tumor necrosis factor alpha and the interleukin-23/interleukin-17 pathway. Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors such as infliximab improve outcomes, but responses vary, suggesting genetic influences; vitamin D receptor polymorphisms—particularly BsmI ( rs1544410) may modulate disease activity and therapeutic response.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between the VDR BsmI polymorphism and disease activity, as well as infliximab treatment response in patients with Axial spondyloarthritis.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 AxSpA patients (108 males, 42 females) receiv

Background: Keloids of the ear present a significant clinical challenge, with surgical excision alone associated with high recurrence rates (45%–100%). Various adjuvant treatments have been explored to improve outcomes, with intra-lesional corticosteroids showing promise.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of debulking combined with intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide versus debulking alone in treating earlobe and helical keloids.

Methods: This study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, from January 2014 to October 2015. Twenty-eight female patients with 67 keloid lesions resulting from

Background: Infertility is a global issue that not only affects individuals but also impacts society as a whole. Kisspeptin has emerged as a key player in the understanding of certain facets of infertility. However, research on the role of kisspeptin in fertility, particularly in assisted reproductive treatment, remains limited.
Objectives: To investigate the potential association between follicular fluid kisspeptin levels and various reproductive parameters, including the number and maturity of oocytes, fertilization rate, pregnancy detection, anti-Müllerian hormone levels, and the age of females.
Methods: Sixty infertile couples with an age range of 20 – 40 years participa

Background: Substance abuse can be defined briefly as the excessive and continuous consumption of psychoactive substances without medical supervision, leading to dependence and adverse health consequences. Substance abuse is an escalating and surging public health challenge in Iraq.

Objectives: To assess the frequency of substance abuse among a large group of senior undergraduate medical students and to identify the associated factors.

Methods: A convenience sample of 388 senior medical students from the College of Medicine/ University of Baghdad during April 2023 took part in this study. Itemployed a modified electronic version of the Drug Addiction Survey Questionnaire (D

Background: To study prevalence and method of diagnosis of acute rubella Infection during early pregnancy in Iraq.
Patients and Methods: Clinical signs and symptoms of acute rubella infection were looked for in (170) pregnant women looked before (12) weeks of gestation .Serial rubella specific IgG and IgM serological testing was done in these (170) women before (12) weeks of pregnancy, after (3) weeks, and again at (18-20) weeks of gestation.
Results: Three woman had clinical signs and symptoms of rubella infection from (26) woman were IgM positive at (9) weeks of pregnancy; (94) were IgG +ve but IgM –ve initially and also on repeat sampling after (3) weeks; while (50) women were nonimmune (IgG and I

Back ground: A urinary tract infection is one of the most common diseases occurring from neonate up to geriatric age groups
Patients and Methods: A total of (100) Midstream urine (MSU) samples were collected from patients having signs and symptoms of Lower urinary tract infection. These patients were attending Urology Clinic, Ramadi General Hospital.
Result: Culturing of (100) MSU samples on MacConky and blood agar resulted in (5) types of bacteria which included: Escherichia coli (46%) and it was found the most frequent bacteria causing LUTI. This is followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (23%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13%), Proteus mirabilis (10%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (8%).
Conclusion: Out of

Background: - Carcinoma of the lung has became the most common type of cancer since 1985 & the most common cause of cancer death in both males & females.
Aim of study: - To assess the diagnostic accuracy of bronchial wash cytology & application of immunocytochemical methods, using two tumor markers (low molecular weight cytokeratin & epithelial membrane antigen) for more accurate & precise diagnosis of lung tumors.
Patients, materials and methods: - Fifty fifes suspected lung cancer cases according to their clinicoradiological examinations were included in this study.
Bronchial wash cytology was performed for all the 55 patients. Smears were stained by conventional cytological stain i

Modern international connectivity makes international cooperation essential for medical progress specifically in specialised medicine areas like haematology and oncology. Healthcare problems become more manageable when countries unite their expert knowledge with resources and creative solutions to achieve better patient results worldwide. The University of Baghdad should establish partnerships with UK healthcare organisations to address national healthcare deficiencies as they create mutual educational programs.

The systematic collaboration between UK and Iraqi healthcare institutions shows potential to transform blood-related care services. This research illustrates that multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) as well as direct partnershi

Background: The alveolar process, also called the alveolar bone, is a thickened ridge that contains the tooth sockets (dental alveoli) on the jaw bones that hold the teeth. After tooth extraction, several changes can occur in the alveolar process that may prevent or delay prosthodontic or other dental treatments. Recently, the Bovine-bone graft has been proposed to be applied in fresh extraction sockets to minimize the reduction in ridge volume. In recent experimental studies, Royal jelly has been shown to have antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties, resulting in vascular dilatation and increased cell proliferation and differentiation.

Objective: To evaluate the ef

Background: Coronary artery disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Troponin is released into blood from patients with reversible myocardial ischemia. Stromelysin-2 is also involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis by tissue remodeling and degradation of extracellular matrix proteins.
Objectives: To investigate the role of serum high-sensitive cardiac troponin I (hs-cTn I) and Stromelysin-2 (Str-2) in the diagnosis and determination of the severity of coronary artery obstruction.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 125 subjects undergoing coronary angiography for suspicion of coronary artery disease in Baghdad Teaching Hospital/ Medi

Background: Alterations in the levels of beta-endorphins and serotonin are heavily involved in the mood dysregulation regularly observed in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder, with lower levels of these neurotransmitters contributing to mood disturbances commonly seen in addiction. Such neurochemical imbalances may also disrupt normal mood regulation pathways, leading to the emotional and psychological challenges often experienced by individuals struggling with addiction.
Objective: To investigate the relationship between beta-endorphin and serotonin levels in individuals with methamphetamine addiction, and to evaluate their potential roles in mood regulation and addiction-related behavio

Background: Virulence genes in dermatophytes have been a major focus of research in recent years. These fungi have a unique ability to degrade keratin, an essential structural protein in human skin, using protease enzymes. These enzymes play a crucial role in the development and spread of infections.
Objectives: To assess the impact of UV radiation on the expression of subtilisin virulence genes in Trichophyton indotineae isolates obtained from patients in Baghdad, Iraq.
Materials: Seven T. indotineae isolates were analyzed in this study, and their proteolytic activity was qualitatively assessed using skim milk agar. The isolate displaying the largest clearanc

Background: Lung cancer is the predominant cause of cancer-related mortality globally, accounting for 18.4% of all cancer fatalities, leading to significant economic loss and societal hardship. EBV was identified in 1964 as the premiere human oncogenic virus; it currently contributes to over 200,000 cancer cases annually and around 1.8% of all cancer-related deaths globally. The KRAS gene belongs to the family of rat sarcoma viral oncogenes (RAS), it was identified in lung cancer located on the short arm of chromosome 12 (12p11.1–12p12.1) in 1982.

Objectives:  The study aims to analyze the complex molecular interactions among Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) IgG seropositivity, KRAS mutation-induced im

Background: The loss of functioning melanocytes in the skin causes vitiligo, an acquired autoimmune condition that manifests as big, white, unsightly patches on the skin. Melanocyte loss is caused by several reasons, including oxidative stress, inflammation, autoimmune, and metabolic problems, while the exact etiopathology of the condition remains unknown. There is a relationship between vitiligo, thyroid hormones, and cortisol levels.
Objective: The study aims to measure cortisol hormone levels in the serum of vitiligo patients and examine the thyroid hormones (T3, T4, and TSH).
Methods: In this case-control study, 80 vitiligo patients diagnosed between November 2023 and Febru

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a condition that is specific to pregnancy and has a substantial impact on the morbidity and mortality of the mother and the fetus worldwide. Currently, various markers may serve as possible predictors or markers for illness severity.

Objectives: The present study aimed to identify and evaluate the key clinical indicators differentiating preeclampsia with and without severe features.
Methods: The research included 90 pregnant Iraqi women who manifested preeclampsia subsequent to 24 weeks of gestation and were selected from Al-Elwiya Teaching Hospital for Maternity between April and June 2024. The patients were categorized into two groups: 45 wi

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is the primary ocular outcome of diabetes mellitus, a serious disease that significantly impacts global health. Microvascular complications arise from damage to small blood vessels, including retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, and neuropathy. Inconsistent findings exist in epidemiological research that specifically examines lipid levels and diabetic retinopathy. The small, dense Low-Density Lipoprotein particles are a specific subset of Low-Density Lipoprotein that possesses several pro-atherogenic characteristics.
Objectives: to evaluate the usefulness of serum small dense low-density lipoprotein level as a biomarker for predicting patients with type II diabe

Background: Hair follicle degradation characterizes androgenic alopecia (AGA). Deterioration shortens anagen and lengthens telogen, turning terminal hairs into vellus hairs. Males and females have this prevalent sickness. Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant Syzygium aromaticum may treat it.
Objectives: To investigate Syzygium aromaticum as a hair growth booster in testosterone-induced alopecia as an alternative to allopathic treatments with fewer side effects.
Methods: A controlled experimental animal study at College of Pharmacy/ University of Baghdad was conducted from November 2022 to December 2024. Male BALB/c mice weighing 25–30 grams and

Background: Cancer is the greatest cause of death worldwide. To treat cancer effectively, radiation must maximize cytotoxicity against tumor cells while limiting injury to healthy cells. Nanotechnology and biomedical technologies can help improve cancer detection and treatment, but they also create challenges.
Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of gold nanoparticles (25%, 50%, 100%) exposed to different doses of gamma radiation (200Gy, 400Gy, 600Gy) on breast cancer cells in women and comparison with normal cells.
Method: For 24 and 48 hours, breast cancer and normal breast cells were treated to 25%, 50%, and 100% gold n

Background: preventive analgesia using opioids has been the cornerstone in relieving postoperative pain. However, it carries undesirable side effect. The recent approach is to use other modalities instead. A lot of studies and researches have been done to evaluate ketorolac and Nefopam efficacy, duration of  pain relief and their side effects.
Objectives: prospective study to evaluate the efficacy and duration action of ketorolac 30mg and nefopam 20mg in relieving postoperative pain in comparison to Pethidine 50mg in obstetric patients after cesarean section under general anesthesia.
Methods: 120 patients included in this study. They were randomly divided in 3 groups. All rece

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory illness. A complication of Rheumatoid arthritis is mainly linked to the risk of cardiovascular disease. High body weight has been implicated as a perilous risk factor for the development of Rheumatoid arthritis. Neopterin is secreted by monocytes and macrophages and is highly secreted from the coronary plaque. Moreover, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein is a biochemical analysis applied to quantify C-reactive protein with high sensitivity.
Objectives: To evaluate serum Neopterin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in patients with rheumatoid arthritis to predict the risk of coronary artery disease. In addition, a correlation between neopterin

Background: Few Studies had been done on the role of histopathology in the medico-legal diagnosis of Electrocution even abroad.
Aim of the study: To determine the main histopathlogical features in cases of electrocution especially at the entry site of the electrical current which help in the diagnosis of those cases.
Methods: A full medico-legal autopsy had been done on 64 cadavers of persons died as a result of electrocution chosen randomly out of a total number of 144 cases of electrocution
during the year 2005 in the medico-legal institute of Baghdad including histopathological examination by ordinary method of different specimens from those cadavers at histopathology
department of the mentioned institu

Despite recent advances in both suture welding and knotless anchor technology, knot tying will remain a necessary skill which the surgeon must master when performing suture
anchor in laparoscopic surgery. There are an endless number of combinations of knots (sliding versus static, simple versus complex, etc.) and suture types (monofilament versus
braided) to accomplish this task. Surgeons are familiar with knotting but seem not to be aware of the possibilities and impact of the techniques of capsizing, flipping, and flyping
knots. (1) Capsizing refers to changing or perverting a flat knot’s geometry under asymmetric stress. The simplest examples of this is the change

Background and Objective:
There are many treatment modalities in managing complete rectal prolapse (CRP) current study present simple technique of cauterization plication operation in the treatment
of complete rectal prolapse.
Methods:
The study include 30 patients present with CRP their mean age (74.3 ± 4.6), 19 females and 11 males. With the patient under- general anesthesia in litliotomy position the
proolapsed rectum pulled outside the anal canal, the mucosa was cauterized, the muscle layer was plicated by 2/0 dixon suture. Posterior levtorplasty were done in 10 adult patients
when it is indicated.
Results:
The postoperative follow up was 12-24 months. Six had postoperative mucosal prolaps

Background : The new biological marker, ischemia modified albumin (IMA) measured by albumin cobalt binding (ACB) test was introduced for the detection of myocardial ischemia.
Objective The aim of the present study was to describe the performance characteristics of the ACB test in suspected acute coronary syndrome patients who presented to the emergency
department early after the onset of ischemic events and to verify the specificity of the test for myocardial infarction.
Subjects and methods: Forty five patients presented to the emergency department (ED) with chest pain and 31 healthy controls were involved in the study. Serum albumin and ACB test were performed on all subjects, while serum CK-MB was don

Seventy five adult virgin female Norway rats (60 experimental and 15 controls) were used to evaluate the effect of seeds of three herbs (Fennel, Cumin and Garden cress) on their mammary glands. Experimental animals were fed with these herbs (each type of herb seeds was given to twenty experimental rats) for fourteen days. Rats were sacrificed and mammary gland sections were obtained, stained then morphometrically assessed. Serum prolactin level was performed too. Results revealed that Garden cress seeds are the strongest lactogenic agent among the three. Both Fennel and Cumin seeds were shown to be very weak galactagogues.

Background:Gynecomastia and breast cancer are the two most common diseases of the male breast. Most other diseases found in male breast arise from the skin and subcutaneous tissues. Male breast cancer is relatively rare, in contrast to gynecomastia, which is relatively common.
Objectives: The aim of this report is to determine the prevalence of the different breast lesions among males; based upon the findings of fine needle aspiration cytology .
Patients and method:This study was carried out within the Main Referral Training Center for Early Detection of Breast Tumors, Medical City Teaching Hospital, Baghdad (from the
beginning of January 2003 till the end of November 2007). One hundred twenty four males&nbsp