Background: Kisspeptin the product of the gene Kiss1 is a G-protein coupled receptor legend for GPR54. Kiss1 was originally identified as a human metastasis suppressor gene that has the ability to suppress melanoma and breast cancer metastasis. It is recently become clear that kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling has an important role in initiating GnRH secretion at puberty, the extent of which is an area of ongoing research.
Objective: The present study was designed to determine the change of plasma kisspeptin levels during the menstrual cycle
Materials & Methods: A total of 20 women from friends and relatives pool were involved in this study. Selected from frinds and relative .They were selected after meas

Background: Multiple tumors in the nervous system is a rare event..
Patient & Method: .A forty two years old male who was enjoying completely healthy life presented with one week history of a single attack of confusion .he was presented with double tumour in the brain operated up on our department by craniotomy.
Results: His neurological clinical examination was negative. A CT scan & MRI of the brain showed two intracranial space occupying lesions. A solid right frontal lesion and another cystic lesion in the third ventricle. . The pathology proved the frontal lesion to be a meningioma while the third ventricular tumour was colloid cyst. Post operative period was uneventful. Follow up for few months showed no complaint.

المقدمة :يعتبر المفراس الحلزوني الطريقة الاولى لفحص المرضى الذين يعانون من الصمم الولادي لاستطاعته التعرف على التشوهات الخلقية للاذن الداخلية التي من الممكن ان تكون مسؤولة عن الصمم الولادي. 

الهدف:لعَرْض حالاتِ شذوذ الأذن الداخلية الموضَحة في المفراس الحلزوني في الأطفالِ المصابين بالصمم الخلقي ولتَقييم اهمية المفراس الحلزوني للتنبؤِ بزرعِ القوقعة.وكذلك لتَقييم مدى حدوث

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow. In most patients, monoclonal immunoglobulin heavy chains or light chains are produced and are associated with organ dysfunction. The growth factor B-cell activating factor (BAFF) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma due to its ability to promote B-cell survival, expansion, and differentiation.

Objective:  to measure the circulatory level of B-cell activating factor in multiple myeloma patients in relapsed and remission states and explore its possible correlations with the clinical staging, β2-microglobulin, and interleukin-6.

Metho

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent non-cutaneous malignancy and the second-leading cause of cancer-relatedmortality among males. Cancer is just one of the several disorders that may be linked to variations in trace element concentrations.
Objective: To evaluate serum arrestin β-2 as a prostate cancer tumor marker and its association with trace elements.
Methods: This case- control study was carried out at the Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad and at the Urology department, Ghazi Al-Hariri Hospital for Surgical Specialities during the period from March 2022 to May 2023. In this case-control study 120 males were enrolled:

Background: Many characteristics between benign and malignant prostatic tumor which considered similar that make the diagnosis defaults in spacemen of the tumor. The immunohistochemical procedure can improves conventional tumor morphology by identifying lineage- and tumor-associated proteins or markers, facilitating confirmation of prostate origin and distinguish between benign and malignancy tumors.
Objectives: This review highlights the pivotal role of immunohistochemistry in differentiating Prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia by evaluating both positive and negative tissue markers.
Methods: A narrative review was conducted using methodological features to evalu

both strongly associated with vascular and metabolic complications. Endothelin-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor that plays a key role in vascular tone regulation and endothelial function.

Objective: To evaluate serum Endothelin-1 levels, lipid profile parameters (total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides), and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes and essential hypertension compared with healthy controls, in order to assess their association with vascular injury and metabolic risk.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad. Between November 2024 and February 2025, a sample of patients were recruited f

Vascular injury is still common in countries such as Iraq where both military and urban violence are endemic.
This is a report of a thirty eight year old civilian patient who had been inflicted with shrapnel injury during the 3rd. Gulf war, which had caused two different types of vascular injury with minimal evidence of vascular injury with evidence of only two small wounds in the neck and upper chest at the time of injury but presented few months later with a pulsatile neck mass and palpable thrill across the right supraclavicular area and upper chest.
Preoperative investigations were done including Doppler study and angiography which confirmed the presence of right common carotid artery aneurysm and

Background:

خلفية: بروتينات الصدمة الحرارية يكون لها دور عام في الاستجابة للجدران الشرايين إلى التوتر ويمكن أن تكون بمثابة وسيط / محفز لتصلب الشرايين في ظروف معينة عندما HSPs ربط خصيصا لمجمع تول مثل مستقبلات 4/CD14، الشروع في المناعة الفطرية ردا على ذلك، بما في ذلك إنتاج السيتوكينات الموالية للالتهابات، وهذا يتبعه أيضا من خلال التضخيم خلوى التهجير من الضامة والعدلات.

الهدف: تحقيق في النسبة الم

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common cause of anovulation during reproductive life.Resistin can increase ovarian androgen production by directly stimulating ovarian theca cell or indirectly by augmenting pancreatic – B cell production of insulin.
Patients and Methods: Sixty patients with PCOS who were non diabetic and not taking any medicine for the last three months were involved in the study .Thirty normal fertile female serves as control group. Fasting blood samples were aspirated from all individuals from 3rd - 6th day of the menstrual cycle to measure resistin, insulin, glucose, LH, FSH, TT3, TT4, Prolactin , Total Testosterone and lipid profile, by ELISA and rou

المقدمه:المرضى الذين يعانون من مرض السكري المترافق مع  اختلال نسبة الدهون في الدم هم هدف سهل لامراض القلب والاوعيه الدمويه, التدخل المبكر لاعادة نسبة الدهون في الدم الى المستوى الطبيعي يساهم في التقليل من مخاطر امراض القلب والاوعيه الدمويه والوفيات الناتجه عنها, HbA₁C يستخدم للمتابعه المديده لمستوى السكر في الدم.

الهدف: لاستقصاء امكانية استخدا

إن الهدف الرئيسي لهذا البحث هو معرفة الفروق المناعية  في مستويات كل من انترفيرون كاما,وانترلوكين 12 عند الاشخاص الحاملين للاجسام المضادة لداء المقوسات مقارنة مع الاشخاص غير الحاملين لهذه الاجسام المضادة.

اما الهدف الثانوي فهودراسة تاثير مستويات هرمون التستوستيرون على الاستجابة المناعية الخلوية وخصوصا انترلوكين 12 وانترفيرون كاما , هذه الدراسة تشمل ايضا ملاحظة تاثير طفيلي د

الخلاصة                                                                                                                                       
هدف الدراسة: دراسة اسباب و العقابيل الآنية لعسر التنفس في حديثي الولادة مكتملي النمو وعلاقتها بنوع الولادة.
طرق البحث:
شملت هذه الدراسة

Background: During the past several years, there has been a rapidly escalating clinical need to perform IHC stains that require quantitative interpretation. Automated Cellular
Imaging System is used to analyze immunohistochemically stained slides, primarily for cancer-related diagnostics. Studies have shown that the device offers accuracy,
precision, and reproducibility of immunostained slide analysis exceeding that possible with manual evaluation, which was the prevailing method.
Aim of the study In this article we will demonstrate that meaningful image analysis of immunohistochemical staining studies can be performed using inexpensive, widely distributed
graphics software (Adobe Photoshop) on a personal

Background: Changes in the level of salivary magnesium could be of great clinical interest not only because of its relation with oral health but also with the physiological alteration occurring during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pregnancy on the salivary magnesium level and their relations to gingivitis.
Materials and methods: Salivary samples were taken from 24 pregnant women, 17 non pregnant and 14 lactating women. Flow rate was calculated. The supernatant salivary samples were assayed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Gingival Index was applied for the assessment of gingival inflammation.
Results: Salivary magnesium concentration was significantly the l

Background: - Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous and opportunistic fungal pathogen causing sever invasive aspergillosis, an important source of morbidity and mortality in
immunocompromised hosts (human and animals) .The present study was conducted to obtain more clarification about the toxicity and histopathological effects of this pathogen in albino mice
Material and Methods :- fourteen male mice( 6-10) weeks old ,( 20 – 28) gm weight , divided into two groups , test group ( n= 8) , intranasally infected with 25μl (710 conidia / ml normal
saline ) of A. fumigatus for 7 successive days , compared with uninfected group ( n=6) . the weight of all animals were measured at the beginning and at the end of th

الخلفيه:- هشاشة العظام هي حالة العظام التي تجعل العظام أكثرنحافه بسبب انخفاض كثافة العظم ويصبح الأشخاص معرضين لخطر الكسور، خصوصا في الورك، فقرات العمود الفقري والمعصم.

الطريقه:-  اجريت هذه الدراسه في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي حيث تم جمع اربع وثمانون عينه من الدم (42أمراة ممن أصببن بمرض هشاشه العظام) واثنان وابعون أمراة سليمة.اجري هذا البحث للفتره من كانون الاول 2

التقديم :  تشكل الإباضة الحدث المركزي في علم وظائف الأعضاء  للمبيض ،وضعف الاباضة  هو سبب العقم عند النساء ذات الصلة, وفرضية أن الإباضة في الثدييات هي مماثلة للتفاعلات الالتهابية منذ ان وصفت  العديد  من الجزيئات المسؤولة عن التسبب في التهاب بما في ذلك سلسلة PGS، leukotrienes والسيتوكينات المختلفة في المبيض.

الأهداف: تم تصميم هذه الدراسة للمقارنة بين الآثا

Background: targeted cancer nanotherapy represents a golden goal for nanobiotechnology to overcome the severe side effects of conventional chemotherapy. Hybrid nanoliposomes (HLs) composed of L-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and Polyoxyethylene (23) dodecyl ether (C12 (EO)23 ) can integrate selectively into the cancer cell membrane inducing cancer cell death.
Objectives: to assess the capacity of locally (in hose) synthesized hybrid nanoliposome to inhibit the growth of cervix cancer cells (HeLa) and induce apoptosis.
Patients and Methods: hybrid nanoliposomes(nHLs) synthesized by sonication method from a mixture of 90% mol DMPC and 10% mol C12(EO)23 in tissue culture media RPMI-1640 for 6 hours at 300W and 40ºC then fil

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory illness that affects the whole body and is characterized by non-articular involvement and inflammatory arthritis. It often develops by an interaction between genes and environmental factors.

Objectives: This research was designed to investigate the effect of the imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines on patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in comparison, with healthy controls.

Methods: Two groups (One"hundred) of patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (66female, 34 male) and 50 healthy control group (28female, 22 male)) were chosen in this study to investigate the effect of some la

Background: Leptin and asprosin are adipokines secreted by white adipose tissue. The leptin and asprosin molecules have many functions in the central nervous system and other functions of the body: Appetite, glucose ‎metabolism, ‎insulin resistance, and cellular death.

Objectives: The study aims to determine the potential relationship between leptin and asprosin hormones in female patients with type II diabetes mellitus.

Methods: The present study was conducted in Al-Mahmodia Hospital / Baghdad and the laboratories of the College of Science for Girls / University of Baghdad / Iraq, for the period from 1/11/2023 to 1/2/ 2024. This study is a comparative analysis of sever

Background: One of the top three causes of death and morbidity is cardiovascular disease Myocardial infarction is a clinical illness defined by quickly growing severe myocardial ischemia. It is the most frequent health problem in the world and the main cause of mortality.

Objectives: The study aims to assess the dietary pattern of food intake frequency for patients with post- myocardial infarction.

Patients & Methods: The quasi-experimental design has been carried out to determine the impact of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension system on patients with post-myocardial infarction, in the Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital's cardiac outpatient clinic

المقدمة : سرطان البنكرياس هو أحد الأورام الخبيثة الأكثر فتكا و امكانية التنبأ للمرضى المصابين به وفي مراحل متقدمة موقعيا او في اجزاء اخرى من الجسم يعتبر ضعيف جدا. معدل البقاء على قيد الحياة مع الاصابة بسرطان البنكرياس ولمدة 5 سنوات  تكون حوالي 4 ٪  فقط، وهو أدنى من أي نوع سرطان اخر.  CA 19-9 هو المعلم السرطاني الأكثر استخداما سريريا حيث قد يزداد عند ما يقرب من 75 ٪ من المرضى الذ

background:

Background: Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is an essential preventive public health program for early identification of disorders that can lead to potentially catastrophic health problems

Objectives: This is a pilot study conducted to determine the incidence of CH among infants born in two major maternity hospitals in Baghdad City and to build a model for nationwide screening program.

Methods: A prospective study on screening of all newborns was conducted in two major maternity hospitals in Baghdad, from 01.12.2001 - 31.12.2002. A total of 6949 neonates were screened for CH, cord blood samples were examined for serum TSH levels by immunoflourecent method (ELIZA) and reexamined for T4 using a cutoff&

Background: Determine how do obesity and type2 diabetes intertwined? and what it takes to turn an obese person into a person with diabetes. That link may help to understand why some obese people never develop diabetes while many others do. Serum sugar level was used as indicator of insulin level; leptin level was used as indicator of leptin resistance.
A total of 50 obese subjects were involved in this study, 25 obese subject (BMI >30) had diabetes mellitus type 2(no insulin dependant), selected from Baghdad teaching Hospital in Baghdad /Iraq. The remaining 25 obese (BMI >30) were normal healthy individuals.
Patients and Methods: ELSA technique was used for the measurement of serum leptin. Blood

Background: This study was done to assist bond strength of glass ionomer cement reinforced by different amount of Hydroxyapatite
Materials and methods: In this study a hydroxyapatite materials were added to glass ionomer cement at different ratios; 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% (by weight) and the bond strength was detected by construction a cylinders from these mixed materials, constructed on exposed dentine of human extracted premolar teeth and by Zwick’s universal testing machine the bond strength were detected for these mixed materials.
Results: Results showed that the glass ionomer cement reinforced by hydroxyapatite has higher bond strength than conventional glass ionomer cement and the hydroyapat

الخلفية : ظهور المشيب هي علامة لتقدم السن وجدت انها تقترن بالقصور الشرياني . المتلازمة الايضية هي مايطلق على مجموعة عوامل الخطورة التي غالبا ماتزيد من مخاطر الاصابة بتصلب الشرايين.

الهدف : اختبار الاقتران بين العمر الذي يبدأ به ظهور الشيب والعرضة للاصابة بالمتلازمة الايضية.

الطرق : اربعمائة وواحد وثمانون شخص اشيب الشعر اشتركوا في ال

متلازمة النفق الرسغي هي واحدة من امراض الاعصاب المحيطية الشائعة الناتجة عن انضغاط العصب الوسطي في الرسغ اما كمرض اولي او ثانوي مصاحب لامراض اخرى ويعتمد تشخيصها على الاعراض والفحوصات السريرية ونتائج الفحوصات الكهروفسلجية للعصب الوسطي والعضلة المبعدة القصيرة للابهام. العلاج المتداول لهذه المتلازمة يتضمن تداخلات جراحية أو تداخلات تحفضية من عقاقير دوائية ومساند وعلاج فيزياوي طبيعي ومن ضمن تلك