Background: In eukaryotic cells, the acidification of intracellular compartments is the responsibility of vacuolar H+ ATPase, a family of proton pumps, sometimes known as V-ATPases. Small GTPases are signaling molecules that regulate important cellular processes as well as subcellular activities making them essential players, particularly in a wide variety of coronavirus infection processes.

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to assess the levels of ATPase and GTPase in fibrotic lung disease patients who had received or had not received the COVID-19 vaccination, and then to compare these levels with those of the control group.

Methods: A total of 150 individuals p

Background: Chronic kidney disease is a condition that results from an indefinite change in the structure and function of the kidneys. A slow, steady progression characterizes it and is irreversible.

 Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the findings of certain biochemical and hematological tests in samples from Iraqi CKD patients.

 Methods: This study included 90 subjects, where 70 patients with chronic kidney disease and 20 healthy individuals. Blood samples were collected from the patients during their visits to Ghazi Al-Hariri Surgical Specialties' Hospital- Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq. Age, sex and body mass index were assessed for each participant followed by ren

خلفية البحث: الضوء المرئي عالي الطاقة (HEV) يمتلك ترددًا عاليًا في النطاق البنفسجي والأزرق من طيف الضوء المرئي. للضوء الأزرق صلة بطب العيون عن طريق إصابة الشبكية بتأثير كيميائي-ضوئي.

الأهداف: إستكشاف الخارطة المكانية والزمانية لسلوك البحث عبر الإنترنت فيما يتعلق بضوء HEV.

طرائق البحث: إسترجعنا البيانات الأولية لحجم البحث على الشبكة العنكبوتية، عبر مؤشرات محرك جوجل، باستخدا

خلفية الدراسة: مرض فيروس كورونا -2019 (كوفيد -19) هو جائحة عالمية اجتاحت العالم في نهاية عام 2019 وكانت انطلاقته من مدينة اوهان الصينية. ذكرت العديد من الدراسات تغير مستوى الدهون في دم مرضى الكوفيد -19.

الهدف من الدراسة: دراسة التغيرات التي تطرأ في المصل الكوليسترول الدهني منخفض الكثافةLDL) ) والكوليسترول الدهني مرتفع الكثافة (HDL) والكوليسترول الدهني منخفض الكثافة جدا (VLDL) والكوليسترول ا

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease restricted to the large intestine, characterized by superficial ulceration. It is a progressive and chronic disease requiring long-term treatment. Although its etiology remains unknown, it is suggested that environmental factors influence genetically susceptible individuals, leading to the onset of the disease. (C-X-C) ligand 9 is a chemokine that belongs to the CXC chemokine family, it plays a role in the differentiation of immune cells such as cytotoxic lymphocytes, natural killer T cells, and macrophages. Its interaction with its corresponding receptor CXCR3 which is expressed by a variety of cells such as effector T cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, an

Background: Bowel cancer is the most prevalent digestive system cancer and is the 4^th largest cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In Iraq, colon and rectal cancer (CRC) is the 6^th most common malignancy in males and the 5^th in females. This cancer is sluggish in growth, which gives a window of opportunity to screen for both precursor lesions and early cancer. The Cluster of Differentiation 47 (CD47) protein is a type of transmembrane glycoprotein found on nearly all human cells, including non-haematopoietic and haematopoietic cells. CD47 promotes CRC growth by triggering angiogenesis and apoptosis of tumour cells.
Objectives: To evaluate the immunohistochemical

Background: The roll of IL-17 during chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is not well understood. Elevated levels of IL-17 may increase the risk of liver fibrosis development in chronic HCV infection. However, the exact mechanism of how IL-17 contributes to the progression of HCV infection remains.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between HCV infection and IL-17. This was done by measuring the serum levels of interleukins and the viral load of HCV in patients with HCV infections.

Methodology: The study included fifty HCV patients who were receiving treatment at the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital / Medical City

تاثير جائحة كوفيد 19 على عينة من المرضى المصابين بالسرطان في العراق

الخلاصة:

خلفية الدراسة:

مرض فيروس كورونا 2019 (COVID-19) هو مرض فيروسي يسببه فيروس كورونا 2 (SARS-CoV-2) الجديد والمتلازمة التنفسية الحادة الوخيمة ويؤثر على الجهاز التنفسي للأفراد المصابين. ينتشر COVID-19 بين البشر من خلال الرذاذ التنفسي الذي ينتج عندما يسعل أو يعطس الشخص المصاب.

يتعرض الأفراد من

جراحه ضعف عضلات الحجاب الحاجز 

الارضيه:الحاله هي ضعف عضلات الحجاب الحاجز 

الهدف من الدراسه:هي عرض التجربه والخبرة العراقيه في علاج هذه الحالات 

المرضى والطرق: علاج 18 مريضا بهذه الحالة تم التخيص والعلاج الجراحي بفتح الصد

 النتائج: عمر المرضى تراوح بين 5 اشهر و70 سنه ونسبه الذكور اكثر من الاناث وكانت اشعه الصدر الاساس في التشخيص واجريت العمليات بنجاح وكانت المضاعفات قليله

الخاتم

Background: Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is globally acknowledged as a prominent contributor to both hospital-acquired and community infections. Understanding key virulence factors including coagulase production, hemolysis ability and biofilm formation, is crucial.
Objective: The study aimed to establish a molecular characterisation of mecA gene and virulence factors genes (hla, icaA, and coa) in clinical isolates of MRSA obtained from two hospitals in Baghdad.
Methods: A hundred and five isolates were obtained from clinical sources from November 2022 to March 2023 and their antibiotic sensitivity was assessed u

الخلفية: العنف ضد النساء مشكلة صحية عامة تصيب اكثر من ثلث النساء عالميا. ويتضمن اي ايذاء جسمي، جنسي او انفعالي فرض على النساء في العلاقات الاسرية. أثبتت دراسات متعددة في العراق ان العنف المنزلي في ازدياد خلال العقدين الاخيرين.

الهدف: لتحديد معدل انتشار العنف المنزلي ضد النساء الحوامل والعوامل المرتبطة به.

 الحالات والمنهجية: تضمنت دراسة مستعرضة اجمالي 345 امرأة حامل تم ت

Background: Impaired lipid metabolism are well recognized factors for Coronary artery disease (CAD) which is the major reason of mortality and morbidity all over world. The incident of CAD with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is growing.

Aim: The current study aimed to study some biochemical variables (vitamin D3, lipid profile, Insulin, FBG and HbA1C) in patients with diabetes and coronary heart disease and compare them with healthy people.

Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted in human beings (apparently healthy and patients). It is statistically considered as [case- control study], the voluntaries were divided as following: 40 apparently healthy persons (40 mal

خلفية البحث: الإساءة الطبية للأطفال تصف الطفل الذي يتلقى رعاية طبية غير ضرورية أو ضارة أو قد تكون ضارة بتحريض من قبل ذوي الطفل أو القائم على رعايته.

الأهداف: للتركيز على إساءة معاملة الأطفال الطبية والتأكيد على مدى انتشار هذه الحالة وأعراضها السريرية وكيفية الوقاية منها ومعالجتها.

النتائج: في المملكة المتحدة، ارتفع معدل حدوث الإساءة الطبية للأطفال في الأطفال دون عام واحد

Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is a common parasite of both male and female genital tracts. Transmission of the infection is mainly by sexual intercourse; however contaminated
towels, douche equipments, examination instruments and other objects may be responsible for some infections.
Aim: Is to study the influence of some factors that affect the spread of this parasite such as socioeconomic status, marital status, pregnancy and parity …….etc.
Methods: The study was conducted in the period from November 1992 to August 1993 on 480 female patients presented with vaginal discharge with or without itching, compared to 50
 females complaining of gynecological problems other than infections. Inve

Background: Iraq is among counttries of intermediate hepatitis  B endemicity. Although several studies have been carried out on the prevalence of HBV markers.

Background: women with acute coronary syndrome have increased in-hospital morbidity & mortality as compared with men following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). It remains unclear if this difference secondary to the sex or other confounding variables.

Patients and Methods: We sought to examine the characteristics and outcomes of 71 consecutive women (49.2%) and men (50.7) undergoing PCI at The Iraqi Center of Heart Diseases from October 2005 to March 2006.

Results: There were significant differences in the baseline characteristics between both sexes. Women more frequently had SVD(single vessel desiease) (25.7% vs. 16.6%) and 2VD (37.1% vs. 16.6%) while Men wer

Background: Leukemia isba type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow that is characterized by an abnormal increase of white blood cells.

Background: the interpretation of pulmonary function tests relies on reference values corrected for age. Sex and height may be difficult to measure in patients with deformities of the thoracic cage or those who are unable to stand up propely.

Background:
Percutaneous Balloon Pulmonary Valvuloplasty (BPV) is now the treatment of choice for pulmonary valve stenosis (PS) Patients and Methods. It is a retrospective
study involving 40 consecutive patients with moderate to severe PS underwent BPV in Ibn Albitar Hospital for Cardiac Surgery from Sept. 2003 to Sept. 2004 ,
were medical records , Electrocardiograms ( ECG ) , Echo Doppler studies , and Catheterization data were reviewed carefully.
Results:
Mean pressure gradient across pulmonary valve (PV) was reduced from 112 +/- 46 mmHg before intervention to 49 It/- 34.7 after intervention.
Procedure failure occurred in one patient (2.5 %), four patients (10%) developed mild to moderate pul

Background:
In modem laryngological practice laryngovideostroscopic examination is an important step for correct diagnosis of vocal cord lesions.
Aims:
To asses the role of laryngovideostroboscopy as a clinical tool in evaluation of hoarse patients.
Patients and Methods:
Stroboscopic examinations were carried out on 43 patients presented with hoarseness at the ENT department at Al- Kadhimya Teaching Hospital during the period from “January
2006 to October 2006".
Results:
Stroboscopic examination contributed significant diagnostic information, it changed the diagnosis made by nonstroboscopic means in 8 cases (19%), this resulted in avoidance
of surgery in 4 cases and 4 cases referred to sur

Background: Nigella sativa seeds have been frequently used in folk medicine for treatment of various diseases such as inflammatory disease. The aim of this
study is to show the effect of this herb on Neutrophils count as the main antiinflammatory cells.

Materials & Methods: Aqueous & oil extract ofNigella sativa seeds have been applied for treatment of 30 blood samples of apparently 
healthy individuals. Blood count has been performed after different incubation periods.
Results & Conclusions: This study revealed that treatment of blood samples with herbal extraction results in highly significant elevation of Neutrophils'
count with time passing particularly the aqueous one and

Background: . Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an unresolving inflammation of the liver of unknown cause associated with interface hepatitis on histological examination,hypergammaglobulinemia and presence of circulating autoantibodies. Antibody-mediated tissue injury might be responsible for tissue injury in AIH therefore; a number of studies have been focused on the complement system in these patients .
The aim of the study is to estimate the level of complement (C3 and C4) in different types of Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).
Methods: The study M’as performed on 73 Iraqi patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), attending the teaching hospital for gastroenterology and liver disease in a period betM'een November 2003 and July 2004. : A

Background: Urinary tract infections are one of the most common bacterial illnesses among the public and in hospital settings. A prevalent nosocomial disease is catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). The risk of infection increases with urinary catheterization, making it easier for Escherichia coli to colonize the urinary system. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) specifically adapts to survive in challenging urinary tract conditions. Treating CAUTI accurately and effectively can be difficult. An important health concern nowadays is drug-resistant bacteria.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of swarming genes in E. coli responsible for UTIs and catheter-associated UTIs,

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome is among the leading causes of fertility-related problems and menstrual irregularities in women of reproductive age. The granulosa cells of the developing pre-antral and antral follicles produce inhibin B, which triggers chemical responses in the ovaries. Inhibin B is most often observed in the follicular phase when levels peak early and then decline over time

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the role of serum inhibin B and the Luteinizing Hormone / Follicle Stimulating Hormone ratio in differentiation between the different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome as well as to define the predominant PCOS phenotype. 

Background: Hypovitaminosis D can cause immunological irregularities in the development of immune thrombocytopenia.

Objectives: To identify the frequency of low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in children with Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and to assess the effect of the disease phase and type of treatment on vitamin D level.

Methods: This case-control study was carried out on 88 children (63 had been diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia and 25 healthy children as controls) during November 2023 and April 2024. The patients were sub-grouped according to global classification of vitamin D level into three groups: less than 10 ng/ml (n = 47), 10–20 ng/ml (n = 16), and

الخلفية: الأورام السدويه المعديه المعوية ، بالرغم من أن نادرة، أورامَ اللحمه المتوسطه الأكثر شيوعاً للمنطقةِ المعويةِ. معدل نموالخلايا الوعائيه (في إي جي إف) يُرتَبطُ بالإمكانيةِ الخبيثةِ لعِدّة أنواع الأورام السرطانية.

هدف الدراسةِ: لتَقييم تعبيرِ في إي جي إف في الفحوى وإرتباطِه بالبارامتراتِ المختلفةِ وتُخاطرُ الأصنافَ.

المرضى،

المقدمة: يعتبرسرطان القولون اكثر سرطانات الجهاز الهضمي شيوعا مع اكتشاف حوال 150000 حالة سنويا في الولايات المتحدة و هنالك حوالي 56000 وفاة بسبب سرطان القولون.  في العراق و حسب احصائيات مجلس السرطان العراقي فان نسبة سرطان القولون هي 4.55% من السرطانات التي تصيب الجسم و هو السبب السابع للموت, في الذكور يشكل سرطان القولون السابع من ناحية الانتشار و الرابع في الاناث.

المعلمات ا

خلفية البحث: تعتبر البدانة مشكلة صحية عالمية متزايدة في دول العالم المتطور والعالم الثالث على حد سواء. ان

المرضى البدناء من ذوي ضغط الدم الشرياني الطبيعي ربما لديهم فرط في ارتفاع معدلات ضغط الدم الشرياني صباحا والذي يعتبر عامل خطورة في ازدياد نسب الاصابة بامراض القلب بمعزل عن ارتفع ضغط الدم الشرياني. فضلا عن ذلك, البدناء من ذوي الضغط الطبيعي ليس لديهم انخفاض واضح في ضغ

المفدمة:  متلازمة المبيض المتعدد التكيسات هو من أكثر اضطرابات الغدد الصماء شيوعا و يؤثر على ما يصل الى 10% من النساء في سن الإنجاب. من الملامح المعرفة لمتلازمة تكيس المبايض هي فرط الاندروجينية و نسبة الاباضة الضئيلة. كثير من الدراسات الحديثة تؤكد على ارتباط شدة متلازمة تكيسات المبيض بنسبة انتي موليرين هورمون  (AMH) و عدد الجريبات الغارية(AFC). هدف الدراسة :

لمعرفة ما أن&n

  خلفيه الموضوع: اكثر اسباب اليرقان الانسدادي هو حصا القناه الصفراء,وهذا يمكن ان يولد مضاعفاه ووفياه مهمه.معالجه اليرقان الانسدادي  الناتج من حصاه ه قناه الصفراء في تطور,عده طرق تشخيصيه وعلاجيه ادخلت في هذا الموضوع وكل منها له فوائده ومضاره.

هدف الدراسه:لغرض دراسه وتقييم معالجه اليرقان الانسدادي الناتج عن حصاه القناه الصفراء في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي.