Obiovisly that the holy thresholds are directly related to Islam and Muslims and related to the general culture of the Islamic peoples. In terms of architecture, it is considered a distinctive architectural scene that reviews the history of this origin and its architectural styles. Recently, with the increase in the number of pilgrims and visitors to the holy shrines, there is a need to develop and expand the buildings and provide them with services and introduce modern technology. The building of the holy thresholds consists of a number of functional design indicators: The general problem of research is that there is no clear theoretical framework for the design indicators for the development of the holy shrines according to the functio

In today's cities, it is easy to see large numbers of vacant lands and unused abandoned sites in downtown areas that are not only ugly but also potentially becoming fertile ground for criminal activities that endanger residents and visitors and contribute to the further degradation of neighborhoods,

can provide reuse of spaces Neglected opportunities to reshape the appearance of the city and to improve the city center for its users that the presence of many neglected sites, whether they were abandoned buildings or sites for destroyed buildings in Mosul after the war on ISIS and with large areas amid the urban fabric led to the emergence of the research problem is (lack of urban planning to reactivate abandoned sites within the ci

     This research examines the quantitative analysis to assess the efficiency of the transport network in Sadr City, where the study area suffers from a large traffic movement  for the variability of traffic flow and intensity at peak hours as a result of inside traffic and outside of it, especially in the neighborhoods of population with  economic concentration.                                                           &n

        The aim of studying the role of environmental taxation is to reduce or mitigate the problem of environmental pollution and obtain a clean environment. And the importance of research lies in the fact that environmental taxation is one of the basic tools to achieve environmental balance. As it is considered one of the sustainable economic tools that focuses on the concept of environmental taxes and fees. Therefore, the incentives stimulated institutions to invest in clean energy and use environmentally friendly machines. Through it, the rules of the competition are updated in favor of organizations that respect the environment so that they can obtain a green competitive advantage. And that the mai

إن الاهتمام بالبيئة المعمارية للأبنية الجامعية باعتبارها أهم مؤسسة تعليمية تعكس ثقافة المجتمع وحضارته من الأمور الجديرة بالاهتمام بغية تحقيق التواصل ونقل رسالتها الثقافية جيل بعد جيل, ونظرا لزيادة اعداد الجامعات وتوسعها في العصر الراهن بزيادة أعداد الطلبة والتوجه نحو التعليم العالي تزامنا مع زيادة المشاكل المتعلقة بالقضايا البيئية من استنزاف مصادر الطاقة وازدياد التكلفة الاقتصادية والتلوث والفقر الما

ركزت الطروحات المعرفية عموما على دراسة المفاهيم المعرفية المؤثرة في حقل العمارة وما يمكن ان تلعبه من دور عام وتاثير تفصيلي على مفاهيم حقل العمارة بشكل يخدم اغناء الحقل المعماري وفق الطبيعة النوعية وهذا اشر اهمية واضحة لدراسة احد تلك المفاهيم وهو مفهوم الأنثى ودوره في حقل العمارة وبما يطرح تحديد واقع معرفي عام ومؤشرات وسمات نظرية وفكرية خاصة.

 يهدف هذا البحث لتعريف الاسس العامة للمفهوم ومن ثم طرح علا

تناول البحث دراسة البؤر الحضرية الجاذبة التي تعتبر من اهم عناصر التكوين الحضري في المدينة والمحرك الاساس في تحولاتها فهي تنظم علاقة الناس مع الفضاء وتساهم في التواصل الإنساني بين افراد المجتمع ,فالفضاء العام قادر على توفير مجموعة من الفوائد الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والبيئية وبالتالي يعمل على تحسين الجودة النوعية للبؤرة , ويمكن اعتبارها أدوات حيوية ونقاط جذب لاستقطاب اكبر عدد من المستخدمين , والتأكيد على ال

تتناول هذه الورقة، البحث في مشروع إعادة إعمار الضاحية الجنوبية لبيروت "وعد"، بعد حرب تموز 2006، والدمار الذي لحق بالبنى التحتية والوحدات السكنية في هذه المنطقة. وهي تناقش واقع مشروع وعد، من خلال تعريفه وشرح الحيثيات التي رافقت عملية إعادة الإعمار، وردود الفعل، عبر تحليل رباعي (SWOT)، مبني على استبيان يحاكي الرؤية بين الواقع والمرتجى .

This study seeks to shed light on the aspects of visual pollution and its impact on the aesthetics of the town of Al-Eizariya known to suffer from the phenomenon. In order to identify the real causes of the problem which develops in various forms and patterns, threatening not only the aesthetic appearance of the towns, but also causes the emergence of new problems and phenomena that will have negative repercussions on the population. The researcher uses the analytical descriptive method to analyze the phenomenon of visual pollution in terms of reality, development, manifestations and spread and uses photos which document the visual pollution and its impact on the aesthetics of the known. The study concluded the existence of a strong rela

The origin of this technique lies in the analysis of François Kenai (1694-1774), the leader of the School of Naturalists, presented in Tableau Economique. This method was developed by Karl Marx in his analysis of the Departmental Relationships and the nature of these relations in the models of " "He said. The current picture of this type of economic analysis is credited to the Russian economist Vasily Leontif. This analytical model is commonly used in developing economic plans in developing countries (p. 1, p. 86). There are several types of input and output models, such as static model, mobile model, regional models, and so on. However, this research will be confined to the open-ended model, which found areas in practical application.

As regional development, as a matter of course, poses a number of systemic, scientific and political problems. While the issue of development is primarily at the national level to the limits of World War II in the industrialized world and to the 1960s borders in most Third World countries, the increasing awareness of regional disparities has led to the regional issue Were taken into consideration in the early 1960s and 1970s in most industrialized and developing countries alike. The local issue was only introduced in the early 1980s. The awareness of regional disparities and the fact that the regions do not have the same potential and that some regions have the resources to enable them to develop, grow and develop, unlike other r

The research deals with Environmental Management and how to develop its programs with the use of Knowledge Management, the environmental programs that integrate with processes can add strategic value to business through improving rates of resource utilization , efficiencies , reduce waste, use risk management, cut costs, avoid fines and reduce insurance. All these activities and processes can improve it through knowledge management, the optimal usage for all organizations information , employ it in high value and share it among all organizations members who involves in modify its strategy . Choosing suitable environmental management information system, develop it and modify it with organization processes, can greatly serve the en

Iraqi economy has grown rapidly. Iraqi citizen, therefore, should be very much involved with the comprehensive development after his long patience. Such development should begin with him and his family to get the housing commodity, which is indeed not a cheap one.                                                          

  In this regard, the Iraqi legislator drew attention to the necessity of issuing housing finan

Establishing sustainable cities and residential neighborhoods requires the development of new planning strategies, as adopting sustainable planning strategies when planning urban land uses for residential neighborhoods is necessary due to the large number of urban land use problems that have emerged during urbanization. The most prominent modern concept concerned with the land was the concept of sustainability, as sustainable planning aspires to link knowledge with sustainability through measures to achieve it. Therefore, sustainable planning works to apply the principles of sustainability in planning.

And in view of the circumstances that our country went through, which negatively affected various sectors and aspects of life, in

Villages in most rural areas of the developing world, including Iraq, suffer from a deterioration in the urban structure in its various aspects, both in the lack of internal planning in terms of residential unit design which is not commensurate with the sustainable health life, in addition to the lack of infrastructure and community services networks As well as road networks linking them to neighboring urban centers, which was accompanied by the emergence of other problems, including the desire of the population to migrate to neighboring cities and the deterioration of economic activities due to lack of activation of economic development plans (Rural villages suffer from a lack of interest in urban development within the regional spatial

Planning of cities show great attention on streets planning as one of the most structural component foundations for cities, that providing many functional needs and connect parts of the city each other, and work as a commercial and services activities centers. Instead of this highly focused on distributing streets with different streets types such as economical and trading and housing streets. This concerned was only on the dimensions and scales of different types of vehicles and their movement. When scale and dimension and movement of mans were as a second priority in designing and planning streets. Which came's first for traditional streets. The research try to submit some designs guides for planners that contribute in re conce

The interaction in the city is reflected in the movement of people motivated by their activities and their economic and social goals, which include many variables subject to the planning process in the interpretation of this movement and the mapping of trends of transport intensity through the concept of transport function and its functional relationships with the uses of the earth in the sustainability and effectiveness of the movement of transport and Economic activity and population movement. Transport planners are concerned with the requirements of land use, which are linked to and included in the transport planning process as a factor for the future transport needs. There is a strong relationship between the transport system

The region is defined by the spatial dimension, which consists of a set of stabilizers (towns and villages). The concept of the territory requires conditions on the nature of functional relations and the mutual influence of the regions within the region. Any territory must be based on the interdependence and interaction between the mother city and its surrounding countryside and cities, and when the interdependence is strong and the interaction is clear, it helps to define the territory. The regions are divided on different bases. There are geographically or national homogeneous regions, and there are cultural regions that want to preserve their culture in terms of language or religion. There are administrative regions to manage