The bit record is a part from the daily drilling report which is contain information about the type and the number of the bit that is used to drill the well, also contain data about  the used weight on bit  WOB ,revolution per minute RPM , rate of penetration ROP, pump pressure ,footage drilled and bit dull grade. Generally we can say that the bit record is a rich brief about the bit life in the hole. The main purpose of this research is to select the suitable bit to drill the next oil wells because the right bit selection avoid us more than one problems, on the other hand, the wrong bit selection cause more than one problem. Many methods are related to bit selection, this research is familiar with four of thos

The complexity and partially defined nature of jet grouting make it hard to predict the performance of grouted piles. So the trials of cement injection at a location with similar soil properties as the erecting site are necessary to assess the performance of the grouted piles. Nevertheless, instead of executing trial-injected piles at the pilot site, which wastes money, time, and effort, the laboratory cement injection devices are essential alternatives for evaluating soil injection ability. This study assesses the performance of a low-pressure laboratory grouting device by improving loose sandy soil injected using binders formed of Silica Fume (SF) as a chemical admixture (10% of Ordinary Portland Cement OPC mass) to di

Ex-situ bioremediation of 2,4-D herbicide-contaminated soil was studied using a slurry bioreactor operate at aerobic conditions. The performance of the slurry bioreactor was tested for three types of soil (sand, sandy loam and clay) contaminated with different concentration of 2,4-D, 200,300and500mg/kg soil. Sewage sludge was used as an inexpensive source of microorganisms which is available in large quantities in wastewater treatment plants. The results show that all biodegradation experiments demonstrated a significant decreases in 2,4-D concentration in the tested soils. The degradation efficiency in the slurry bioreactor decreases as the initial concentration of 2,4-D in the soils increases.A 100 % removal was achieved at initial con

The purpose of this study is aimed to lay down an arranged platform suited to Iraqi constructional associations which in charge to carry out multi constructional projects, as it fulfilled management requirements and supervising, so that low - cost projects will be controlled in due term and quality. Based on primary info and observed data collected, the study thesis has been formulated in this way: Iraqi constructional sector bodies which are in charge to implement simultaneously multi constructional projects in need to reformulate its organized structure so that it will be more fitted to management and control of these projects. This thesis includes a
theoretical part contained presenting the most important resources locally and int

The problems of urban historic centers are considered some of the subjects which are widely dealt with in urban studies since the middle of the 20th century. literature of urban development have raised it , beside the fact that large number of urban development projects of the historical centers in many cities of the world ,and emerged from the application of these new problems projects added their original urban problems , because these projects have dealt with the physical structures with the neglect of the social and economic sides, which are the base in sustainable development nResearch problem was elaborated as : The unclearly of knowledge of the potentials of the sustainable development in solving the urban problems of historic cen

Modifying asphalt cement is an effective approach to enhance the performance of asphalt concrete. This study evaluates the physical properties of lignin-modified asphalt (LMA) at various lignin percentages. The initial step involved extracting lignin from the pinus wood sawdust using the soda process. Subsequently, the extracted Soda Lignin Powder (SLP) was characterized through Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (SEM/EDX) to examine the changes in the chemical structure of lignin after extraction by soda process. Following this, three asphalt blends containing varying amounts of SLP (2%, 4%, 6%) by weight of asphalt cement were produced

One of the challenges that developing countries is the necessity to properly manage the risks involved in road construction projects. For that, the present work developed a dissension method to specify effective risk factors in a wide range of approaches and protocols to achieve its objectives. The Influence of Risk Road Implementation on Performance Indicators The initial sets of outcomes were derived from computing the average risk estimate. Subsequently, the second results group was established by assessing the relative importance index (RII) effects. In the RII method and mean results the workers and machinery insurance is the most important. The identical data that had been collected from the weighted product model

يعتبر توقع معدل الاختراق  أمرا حاسما لعمليات حفر آبار النفط الآمنة والفعالة من حيث التكلفة. يمثل نموذج بورغوين ويانج  نهجا قائما على المعادلات واسع الاستخدام تم تطويره في عام 1974 لتوقع معدل الاختراق  في آبار النفط بناءً على الانحدار الخطي المتعدد.

الشبكة العصبية الاصطناعية (ANN) هي تقنية تعلم آلي تقوم بتحليل البيانات وتقديم التوقعات. وقد تم إجراء العديد من الدراسات حول استخدام نموذج BYM على مس

يعد التنبؤ بالنفاذية أمرًا بالغ الأهمية في توصيف المكمن لبناء نماذج مكمن ثلاثية الأبعاد. المكمن الثلاثي لحقل عجيل النفطي عبارة عن مكمن كربونات معقد يتكون من تكوينات جيولوجية متعددة الطبقات وأنواع صخرية مختلفة. يمثل فهم سلوك تدفق السوائل في المكمن الثلاثي تحديات كبيرة. في هذا البحث يتم دمج أنواع الصخور عن طريق تقنيات التحليل العنقودي مع طريقة مؤشر منطقة التدفق (FZI) لتصنيف المكامن إلى وحدات تدفق هيدروليكي في

Concrete is globally considered the most utilized material in the world after water. Because of the increased demand for this critical material in the construction sector, researchers tend to enhance its properties by adding different additives, substituting with different pozzolanic materials (such as silica fume, glass powder, or any substance with pozzolanic activity), or changing curing methods to obtain concrete with better properties that could be employed in different applications. One of these methods is using magnetic water either by adding it to the concrete mix or by using it to cure concrete to produce concrete with improved mechanical properties. In this study, a group of articles related to the usage of mag

تساهم مشاكل عدم استقرار الآبار في زيادة الوقت غير الإنتاجي، خاصة عند حفر الصخور الصخرية. في الماضي، كان الحفر يعاني من العديد من المشكلات، بما في ذلك فقدان الطين، والثقب الضيق، والأنابيب الملتصقة ميكانيكيًا، والتجويف، وانهيار الثقوب الكبيرة. الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو بناء نموذج الأرض الميكانيكية (MEM) لتقييم استقرار حفرة البئر. ومن خلال تطبيق MEM، ركزت الدراسة على تحديد مجموعة من الأوزان الطينية التي من شأنها ض

Urban landscape analysis is crucial for understanding the dynamics of urban transformation, especially in historic city centers. This study delves into the morphological evolution of Baghdad, focusing on its transformation from a historic nucleus to a vast metropolitan area. The primary objective is to identify mechanisms of transformation that bring about changes in the structure of the town center. Utilizing a combination of geographical-morphological methods, historical maps, and modern satellite imagery, the research identifies six distinct urban growth patterns—concentric, irregular strip, scattered, multi-nuclei, sectoral, and instant growth. The research methodology includes a detailed collection of historical m

This study deals with the morphology and performance properties of a novel thin flat sheet ultrafiltration membrane; Malachite Green (MG) dye filtration behavior was evaluated in the cross-flow filtration system. The prepared membranes included the incorporation of 16 wt. % of polyether sulfone (PES)/DMF and 5 wt.% of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) via the phase inversion process. Adding PEG decreased the internal concentration polarization, improved the membrane hydrophilicity, changed pore morphologies, and enhanced membrane performance. The SEM and AFM tests were used to characterize the composition and structure of the membrane. With different casting conditions, the membrane shape changed. The effect of membrane thicknes

This paper aims to make a historical review of jet grouting techniques and encountered problems at different sites in several countries.  This review is a good guide to understanding the performance and limitations of improved soils or lands. The basic concept of jet grouting technology is to use cement as a binder to accelerate the hardening process of an admixture of material grout and soil. The different case history was conducted in both sand soil and clay soil in the horizontal and vertical direction. Other papers on field construction showed that the grout can be gelled within 5-10 minutes. Due to different cases and studies, these will help improve soil by supporting the foundation load with a minimal settlement.

In this research Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique was applied to study the filtration process in water treatment. Eight models have been developed and tested using data from a pilot filtration plant, working under different process design criteria; influent turbidity, bed depth, grain size, filtration rate and running time (length of the filtration run), recording effluent turbidity and head losses. The ANN models were constructed for the prediction of different performance criteria in the filtration process: effluent turbidity, head losses and running time. The results indicate that it is quite possible to use artificial neural networks in predicting effluent turbidity, head losses and running time in the filtration process, wi

An experimental and theoretical analysis was conducted for simulation of open circuit cross flow heat
exchanger dynamics during flow reduction transient in their secondary loops. Finite difference
mathematical model was prepared to cover the heat transfer mechanism between the hot water in the
primary circuit and the cold water in the secondary circuit during transient course. This model takes under
consideration the effect of water heat up in the secondary circuit due to step reduction of its flow on the
physical and thermal properties linked to the parameters that are used for calculation of heat transfer
coefficients on both sides of their tubes. Computer program was prepared for calculation purposes which
cover a

The influence of adding metal foam fins on the heat transfer characteristics of an air to water double pipe heat exchanger is numerically investigated. The hot fluid is water which flows in the inner cylinder whereas the cold fluid is air which circulates in the annular gap in parallel flow with water. Ten fins of metal foam (Porosity = 0.93), are added in the gap between the two cylinder, and distributed periodically with the axial distance. Finite volume method is used to solve the governing equations in porous and non-porous regions. The numerical investigations cover three values for Reynolds number (1000 ,1500, 2000), and Darcy number (1 x10^-1, 1 x10^-2, 1x10^-3). The comparison betwee

To decrease the impact on the environment of building waste, the recycled aggregate may be used in various sustainable engineering applications, such as roller compacted concrete pavement (RCCP). This research examined how using recycled aggregate as a partial replacement for natural aggregate as coarse or fine affected the mechanical properties of roller-compacted concrete pavement. The recycled aggregate was crushed and sieved to coarse and fine aggregate before being used in the roller-compacted concrete pavement. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength were all evaluated after the samples were prepared at 28 and 90 days of curing. According to the study's findings, the partial replacem

The research focuses on determination of best location of high elevated tank using the required head of pump as a measure for this purpose. Five types of network were used to find the effect of the variation in the discharge and the node elevation on the best location. The most weakness point was determined for each network. Preliminary tank locations were chosen for test along the primary pipe with same interval distance. For each location, the water elevation in tank and pump head was calculated at each hour depending on the pump head that required to achieve the minimum pressure at the most weakness point. Then, the sum of pump heads through the day was determined. The results proved that there is a most economical lo

Permanent deformation (Rutting) of asphalt  pavements which appears in many roads in Iraq, have caused a major impact on pavement performance by reducing the useful service life of pavement and creating services hazards for highway users. The main objective of this research is investigating the effect of some contributory factors related to permanent deformation of asphalt concrete mixture. To meet the objectives of this research, available local materials are used including asphalt binder, aggregates, mineral filler and modified asphalt binder. The Superpave mix design system was adopted with varying volumetric compositions. The Superpave Gyratory Compactor was used to compact 24 asphalt concrete cylindrical specimens. To collect t

          This paper deals with studying the effect of hole inclination angle on computing slip velocity and consequently its effect on lifting capacity. The study concentrates on selected vertical wells in Rumaila field, Southern Iraq. Different methods were used to calculate lifting capacity. Lifting capacity is the most important factor for successful drilling and which reflex on preventing hole problems and reduces drilling costs. Many factors affect computing lifting capacity, so hence the effect of hole inclination angle on lifting capacity will be shown in this study. A statistical approach was used to study the lifting capacity values which deal with the effect of hole

Taguchi experimental design (TED) is applied to find the optimum effectiveness of aqueous Red Pomegranate Peel (RPP) extract as a green inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in 2M H₃PO₄ solution. The Taguchi methodology has been used to study the effects of changing, temperature, RPP concentration and contact period, at three levels. Weight-loss measurements were designed by construction a L₉ orthogonal arrangement of experiments.   Results of the efficiencies of inhibition were embraced for the signal to noise proportion & investigation of variance (ANOVA).  The results were further processed with a MINITAB-17 software package to find the optimal condition

Using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) could effectively improve the strength and endurance of reinforced concrete (RC) constructions. This study evaluated the flexural behavior of one-way concrete slabs with openings reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRP) bars. It strengthened using carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets around the openings. The experimental program of this study is adopted by casting and testing four one-way concrete slabs with dimensions of (150*750*2650) mm. These slabs are divided into two groups based on whether they were strengthened or un-strengthened. For each group, two different openings (either one rectangular or two square) measured 250*500 mm and 250*250 mm, respective

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) of iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) represent the most promising materials in many applications. MNPs have been synthesized by co-precipitation of ferric and ferrous ions in alkaline solution. Two methods of synthesis were conducted with different parameters, such as temperature (25 and 80 ̊C), adding a base to the reactants and the opposite process, and using nitrogen as an inert gas. The product of the first method (MNPs-1) and the second method (MNPs-2) were characterized by x-ray diffractometer (XRD), Zeta Potential, atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). AFM results showed convergent particle size of (MNPs-1) and (MNPs-2) with (86.01) and (74.14)

Visible light communication (VLC) is an upcoming wireless technology for next-generation communication for high-speed data transmission. It has the potential for capacity enhancement due to its characteristic large bandwidth. Concerning signal processing and suitable transceiver design for the VLC application, an amplification-based optical transceiver is proposed in this article. The transmitter consists of a driver and laser diode as the light source, while the receiver contains a photodiode and signal amplifying circuit. The design model is proposed for its simplicity in replacing the trans-impedance and transconductance circuits of the conventional modules by a simple amplification circuit and interface converter. Th