This research studied forgeability of preheated billet of 25%GRPOM plastic through

closed die forging technique using spur gear design. The type of deformation was

discussed as well. This process had done after heating the billet and die assembly at

100oC to achieve complete gear shape taking into consideration testing the product to

insure no inside or outside defects with improvement in the mechanical properties.

 This study presents a reliable and effective idealization scheme for the free vibration analysis

of buried cylindrical storage tanks. The three dimensional problem is transformed into a two

dimensional one by using a semi analytical finite element procedure. Conical shell of

revolution element is used. to represent the cylindrical wall, top plate, and bottom plate of the

tank by an appropriate method. The Combined effect of structure-soil-fluid interaction is of

primary

 Fixed bed sorption processes such as adsorption and ion exchange do not operate at

steady state. The design equations are differential that usually require numerical methods

to solve. Thomas gives a general analytical solution for these equations. It is based on

second-order reaction kinetics and the assumption of Langmuir isotherm. Computer

program for the solution of Thomas model was designed using MATLAB 7.0. Four sets

of experimental data are tested to show the capab

In data transmission a change in single bit in the received data may lead to miss understanding or a disaster. Each bit in the sent information has high priority especially with information such as the address of the receiver. The importance of error detection with each single change is a key issue in data transmission field.
The ordinary single parity detection method can detect odd number of errors efficiently, but fails with even number of errors. Other detection methods such as two-dimensional and checksum showed better results and failed to cope with the increasing number of errors.
Two novel methods were suggested to detect the binary bit change errors when transmitting data in a noisy media.Those methods were: 2D-Checksum me

 Removal of direct blue dye by electrocoagulation method has been investigated using aluminum

electrode in a bench-scale electrochemical system. Current density, NaCl concentration,

electrocoagulation time, and dye concentration has been studied as effecting parameters in color

removal efficiency. Increasing of current density will increase the color removal efficiency and

energy consumption as well. While increasing NaCl concentration increase the color removal

efficienc

 Experimental and numerical investigation has been under taken to study turbulent flow of air through duct using restriction in different shapes and positions for Reynolds numbers ranges of (8.2x104 → 5.6x104).The numerical approach used in this work is the finite volume method for solution of elliptic partial differential equation for the modeling of turbulent (k-) model as well as wall function concept near the wall which was used to take the turbulent effects into consideration have been employed.The experimental te

 This study deals with thermal cyclic loading phenomena of plates which were fabricated from

composite materials (woven roving fiber glass + polyester) were exposed to (75 C°) temperature

gradient thermal shock for ten times in different stage of conditioning times due to the effect of thermal

fatigue using the method of Levy solution and compared these results with both results from

experimental published work and (ANSYS Ver. 9) program. A composite laminate plate with fiber

The heat and mass transfer coefficients of the indirect contact closed circuit cooling tower, ICCCCT, were investigated experimentally. Different experiments were conducted involving the controlling parameters such as air velocity, spray water to air mass flow rate ratio, spray water flow rate, ambient air wet bulb temperature and the provided heat load to investigate their effects on the performance of the ICCCCT. Also the effect of using packing on the performance of the ICCCCT was investigated. It was noticed that these parameters affect the tower performance and the use of packing materials is a good approach to enhance the performance for different operational conditions. Correlations for mass and heat transfer coefficients are pres

Treatment of a high strength acidic industrial wastewater was attempted by activated carbon
adsorption to evaluate the feasibility of yielding effluents of reusable qualities. The experimental
methods which were employed in this investigation included batch and column studies. The
former was used to evaluate the rate and equilibrium of carbon adsorption, while the latter was
used to determine treatment efficiencies and performance characteristics. Fixed bed and expanded
bed adsorbers were constructed in the column studies. In this study, the adsorption behavior of acetic acid onto activated carbon was examined as a function of the concentration of the adsorbate, contact time and adsorbent dosage. The adsorption data was mo

Al-Huweizah Marsh is considered as the largest in Iraq. This research aims to maintain thesustainability of Al-Huweizah Marsh under all circumstances and within the limits of the
available natural resources from the Iraqi side and the absence of feeding from the Iranian sidedue to the recent Iranian separation dike along the international boundaries within the marsh.
Twelve scenarios have been suggested as a first step to restore the whole marsh. But the
uncontrolled Iranian feeders and exiguity of their discharges recently, it was necessary to studyonly the northern part of the marsh as an alternative case to ensure reasonable amounts of waterfor the purpose of maintaining and restore the marsh. Hydrological routing model was

This paper introduces a new class of convolutional codes, which is called Turbo Code. Turbo Code was shown to achieve performance in terms of Bit-Error-Rate (BER), which is near Shannon limit. Turbo Code encoder is built using a parallel concatenation of two Recursive Systematic Convolutional (RSC) codes. In this paper, two solutions to the trellis termination problem are presented. The first solution encoder uses terminated Upper RSC encoder and unterminated Lower RSC encoder. On the other side, the second solution encoder uses terminated Upper and Lower RSC encoders. The performance of the two solutions is tested for different circumstances and the results are interesting.

An experimental investigation was made for the study of incompressible flow on a circular disc. It consists of two parts. The first was the determination of the pressure distribution of the front an! rear sides of three samples of dises with diameters 9.73,10.75 and 11.94cm and 3mm thickness.Th: dises were mounted normal to the flow direction. This part also included the determination of pressure distribution on the front and rear sides of an inclined dise of 10.75 cm diameter it inclination angles of 30, 60, 120, and 150 to the horizontal. The second part of the investigation was the determination of the drag coefficient on a circular disc 10.75 cm in diameter and 3 mm in thickness using two methods. The first using strain gages as sens

Different frequency distributions models were fitted to the monthly data of raw water Turbidity at water treatment plants (WTPs) along Tigris River in Baghdad. Eight water treatment plants in Baghdad were selected, with raw water turbidity data for the period (2008-2014). The frequency distribution models used in this study are the Normal, Log-normal, Weibull, Exponential and two parameters Gamma type. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate the goodness of fit.  The data for years (2008-2011) were used for building the models. The best fitted distributions were Log-Normal (LN) for Al-Karkh, Al-Wathbah, Al-Qadisiya, Al-Dawrah and, Al-Rashid WTPs. Gamma distribution fitted well for East Tigris and Al-Karamah

The research tries to investigate the effects of Contemporary Science Philosophy on Architecture. The research depends on contemporary Science Philosophy of K.Popper and T.Kuhn. The procedures of the research contain the construction of comprehensive theoretical framework that includes the influence of contemporary of Philosophy of Science on Architecture in the following level which contains the general thought position, which includes (The position of Psychological Theory, knowledge Theory, the society, the history and the position of Architecture views). The conclusions of the research focus on the theoretical framework that depends on the previous views of K.Popper and T.Kuhn which reflected on Architectural views.

Rutting is one of the most complex and widespread types of distress. The rutting is frequently observed on Iraqi roads, especially at the checkpoints, forming a significant hazard on the asphalt layers. Factors such as heavy loads and high temperatures contribute to this distress. Adding fibers to a hot mix asphalt (HMA) effectively improves performance and extends the lifespan of the flexible pavement. This article used glass, steel, and basalt fibers. The wheel tracking test assessed the fibre-asphalt mixture for rutting resistance and compared it with the mix without adding fibers (control HMA).

Meanwhile, the microscopic structure of fibres and asphalt mixture modified with fibers was examined using the Field

Improving the accuracy of load-deformation behavior, failure mode, and ultimate load capacity for reinforced concrete members subjected to in-plane loadings such as corbels, wall to foundation connections and panels need shear strength behavior to be included. Shear design in reinforced concrete structures depends on crack width, crack slippage and roughness of the surface of cracks.

This paper illustrates results of an experimental investigation conducted to investigate the direct shear strength of fiber normal strength concrete (NSC) and reactive powder concrete (RPC). The tests were performed along a pre-selected shear plane in concrete members named push-off specimens. The effectiveness of concrete compressiv

The major objectives of this research are to analyze the behavior of road embankments
reinforced with geotextiles constructed on soft soil and describe the finite element analysis by using
ANSYS program ver. (5.4). The ANSYS finite element program helps in analyzing the stability of
geo- structure (embankment) in varied application of geotextiles reinforcement to enhance the best
design for embankment.
The results of analysis indicate that one of the primary function of geotextiles reinforcement was to
reduce the horizontal displacement significantly. With the inclusions of reinforcement, the horizontal
displacement reduced by about (81%), while the vertical displacement reduced by (32%). The effect
of geotextiles

In this paper, the static analysis for finding the best location of boxes inside the composite wing-box structure has been performed. A software ANSYS (ver.11) was used to analyses the Aluminum wing to find the maximum stresses reached in. These results are used as a base for the composite wingbox to find the numbers of layers and location of the box beam and its dimensions so that the composite wingbox may carry the same loading conditions in the Aluminum wing. Analysis showed that a composite wingbox having two boxes is better than the single or triple boxes wing based on stress to weight ratio. Mass saving of (40%) had been achieved when composite wing-box is used instead of Aluminum wing.

In this study, the effect of the combination of micro steel fibers and additives (calcium hydroxide and sodium carbonate) on the size of cracks formation and healing them were investigated. This study aims to apply the use of self-healing phenomenon to repair cracks and to enhance the service life of the concrete structures. Micro steel fibers straight type were used in this research with 0.2% and 0.4% by volume of concrete. A weight of 20 and 30 kg/m³ of Ca(OH)₂ and 2 and 3 kg/m³ of Na₂CO₃ were used as a partial cement replacement. The results confirm that the concrete cracks were significantly self-healed up to 30 days re-curing. Cracks width up to 0.2 mm were comp

This essay aims to highlight the most important issues and difficulties facing implementing large projects that follow the turn-key method, considered one of the types of contractual methods in Iraq, especially for large and complex projects requiring speedy completion. The projects implemented in this way face delays and delays in completion, which led to the lack of benefit from the projects for which they were implemented, especially those affecting the lives of citizens within the health sector. The case study dealt with the construction of hospitals with multi-bed capacities within multiple governorates in Iraq, With large financial allocations within the federal budget of the Government of Iraq over several years.

The current research illustrates experimentally the effect of series and parallel connection (Z-I Configurations) of flat plate water solar collectors array on the thermal performance of closed loop solar heating system. The study includes the effect of changing the water flow rate on the thermal efficiency. The results show that, the collector's efficiency in series connection is higher than the parallel connection within flow rate level less than (100) ℓ/hr. Moreover, the collector efficiency in parallel connection of (I-Configurations) is more than the (Z- Configurations) with increasing the water flow rate .The maximum daily efficiency for parallel (I-Configurations) and (Z- Configurations) are (55%) and (51%) at w

The physical and social structure of urban residential areas is affected by public open spaces in positive and negative ways. Public spaces serve as the basis for the growth of urban life that promotes physical activities and social relations. The research addressed the problem of lack of knowledge about the mechanisms that contribute to achieving healthy and lively public places according to spatial characteristics. It aimed to develop and improve public places through a more comprehensive knowledge of the effective spatial characteristics that contribute to enhancing the value of public places. The research assumed the existence of a correlation between vital spatial characteristics and healthy environments. For the pu

      Aluminum alloys widely use in production of the automobile and the aerospace because
they have low density, attractive mechanical properties with respect to their weight, better
corrosion and wear resistance, low thermal coefficient of expansion comparison with traditional
metals and alloys. Recently, researchers have shifted from single material to composite materials
to reduce weight and cost, improve quality, and high performance in structural materials.
Friction stir processing (FSP) has been successfully researched for manufacturing of metal
matrix composites (MMCs) and functional graded materials (FGMs), find out new possibilities
to chemically change the surfaces. It is shown th

In this paper different channel coding and interleaving schemes in DS/CDMA system over multipath fading channel were used. Two types of serially concatenated coding were presented. The first one composed of Reed-Solomon as outer code, convolutional code as inner code and the interleaver between the outer and inner codes and the second consist of convolutional code as outer code, interleaved in the middle and differential code as an inner code. Bit error rate performance of different schemes in multipath fading channel was analyzed and compared. Rack receiver was used in DS/CDMA receiver to combine multipath components in order to enhance the signal to noise ratio at the receiver.

_{The aim of this paper, is to analyze the assignment problem in industry where the constraint of allowing to allocate only one job to each machine is relaxed. Thus, splitting the job is permitted and processed by more than one machine. The problem is demonstrated with a real life case study. We solved the problem by splitting the jobs and converting lot of jobs as well as the actual hours of each machine to Standard Machine Hours (SMH). Transportation model is also suggested to overcome the problem, and the optimum solution is obtained by using POM software}

Reinforced concrete slabs with openings are usually designed with help of traditional rules proposed by
building codes. Such methods introduce limitations concerning size, location of openings and magnitude of applied loads. Furthermore, there are some traditional approaches to strengthen reinforced concrete slabs with openings which can be either cumbersome or expensive. This paper studies variable locations of an opening with respect to a central column in reinforced concrete flat plates, and presents a good approach to strengthen this opening by using steel plates. Nine reinforced concrete flat plates are cast with dimensions (length, width and thickness) equal to (850, 470 and 50) mm) using a single concrete mix with average compr

A simple technique is proposed in this paper for estimating the coefficient of permeability of an unsaturated soil based on physical properties of soils that include grain size analysis, degree of saturation or water content, and porosity of the soil. The proposed method requires the soil-water characteristic curve for the prediction of the coefficient of permeability as most of the conventional methods. A procedure is proposed to define the hydraulic conductivity function from the soil water characteristic curve which is measured by the filter paper method. Fitting methods are applied through the program (SoilVision), after indentifying the basic properties of the soil such as Attereberg limits, specific gravity, void ratio, porosity, d

Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) is a type of high-performance concrete that is known for its exceptional strength and durability also RPC is one of the new composite materials that allow for the most efficient use of materials, which benefits the concrete industry economically. Additionally, it improves environmental sensitivity. The main objective of this paper is the determine some characteristics of RPC, such as (compressive strength and fresh density) after exposure to different curing temperatures (60, 120, and 200) ^oC for 4 hours due two days. This study involves many variables such as micro steel fibers content with 1% by vol. of reactive powder concrete samples as well as elevated temperature. It was di

The radial mapping version of the bounding surface plasticity model is implemented in a computer program to predict the response of cohesive soils. The eight-noded isoparametric element and Biot’s theory are used in this study for analyzing soil consolidation problems. The model has been used in the analysis for two classes of problems. The first involves the comparison of model predictions with the results of laboratory tests in compression and extension for normally and overconsolidated clays. The second class involves using the model to predict the results of one- and two-dimensional finite element problems of soil consolidation. The comparisons with experiments demonstrate that the model, through its simplicity, can describe realis