This paper studies the non-linear behaviour of a clayey Iraqi soil taken from Baghdad City, using the bounding surface plasticity model under static and dynamic loading. The bounding surface plasticity model needs a group of input parameters. Some of them are determined directly from triaxial and consolidation tests, while the others are evaluated from a parametric study using a computer program named EVAL.A series of advanced laboratory tests was performed after modifying and manufacturing some parts of the triaxial machine that are required for carrying out Ko-consolidtated compression and extension tests. The soil test results are used in a computer program named EVAL to compute the soil properties and input parameters for the Iraqi c

The design of safe pedestrian facilities usually depends on the assessment of pedestrian characteristics and behavior. In this investigation, pedestrian walking speed through the religious occasion have been monitored at three locations, Al- Kadhimiya (Imam AL-Kadim), Najaf and Karbala (Imam AL-Husain) holy shrines. Video captures of the pedestrian through their walking to the two holy shrines have been prepared and analyzed for walking speed, gender, age groups, and clothing tradition. The pedestrian sample size is 468, 501, and 447 for Al- Kadhimiya, Karbala, and Najaf respectively. When the gender is taken into consideration, it can be noted that the walking speed of male and female pedestrian is (0.97, 1.68, and 1.63

One of the most important steps in the world of printed circuit board manufacturing (PCB) is the copper etching process. Because of its low cost, environment aspects, and simple regeneration techniques, cupric chloride was chosen to be the most attractive etchant. Etching of copper from standard single-sided copper boards used usually for printed circuit board fabrication was conducted in a cell containing cupric chloride solution. Average etching rates were recorded as a function of time, etchant specific gravity, free acid concentration, and temperature. Air was injected continuously in the etching cell during the process enabling mixing and solution regeneration. It is found that best operating conditions to obtain maximum etching rat

In the present work , a numerical study has been made for the developing compressible turbulent flow and heat transfer in circular tube with uniform injection or suction. The study included the numerical solution of the continuity, momentum and energy equations together with the two equations of the (k-ε) turbulence model, by using the Finite Difference Method (FDM). The air was used as the working fluid, and the circular passage was composed of tube with diameter (20.0) cm , and the length was 130 (hydraulic diameter) .The Reynolds number of the flow was (Re=1.78x106 ), and the Mach number (M=0.44) the ratio of the transverse velocity at the wall (vw) to the axial velocity at inlet (Uin), Ω=(vw/Uin), for suction equal(0.001) and for i

Water/oil emulsion is considered as the most refractory mixture to separate because of the interference of the two immiscible liquids, water and oil. This research presents a study of dewatering of water / kerosene emulsion using hydrocyclone. The effects of factors such as: feed flow rate (3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 L/min), inlet water concentration of the emulsion (5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, and 15% by volume), and split ratio (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9) on the separation efficiency and pressure drop were studied. Dimensional analysis using Pi theorem was applied for the first time to model the hydrocyclone based on the experimental data. It was shown that the maximum separation efficiency; at split ratio 0.1, was 94.3% at 10% co

Magnetic plaster kiln dust (MPKD) was synthesized as a unique, low-cost composite reused of byproduct plaster kiln dust (PKD), which is considered a source of air pollution. The FESEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR, VSM, and BET tests were used to characterize the MPKD. The characterization revealed that the MPKD was nanotubes non-agglomerated and super-paramagnetic with a high specific surface area (102.7 m²/g). Compared with the specific area of other materials (composites), the MPKD could be considered a promising substance in the field of water/wastewater treatment.

    Soft clays are generally sediments deposited by rivers, seas, or lakes. These soils are fine-grained plastic soils with appreciable clay content and are characterized by high compressibility and low shear strength. To deal with soft soil problems there is more than one method that can be used such as soil replacement, preloading, stone column, sand drains, lime stabilization and Prefabricated Vertical Drains, PVDs. A numerical modeling of PVD with vacuum pressure was analyzed to investigate the effect of this technique on the consolidation behavior of fully and different depths of partially saturated soft soils.  Laboratory experiments were also conducted by using a specially-designed large consol

تساهم مشاكل عدم استقرار الآبار في زيادة الوقت غير الإنتاجي، خاصة عند حفر الصخور الصخرية. في الماضي، كان الحفر يعاني من العديد من المشكلات، بما في ذلك فقدان الطين، والثقب الضيق، والأنابيب الملتصقة ميكانيكيًا، والتجويف، وانهيار الثقوب الكبيرة. الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو بناء نموذج الأرض الميكانيكية (MEM) لتقييم استقرار حفرة البئر. ومن خلال تطبيق MEM، ركزت الدراسة على تحديد مجموعة من الأوزان الطينية التي من شأنها ض

Innovative laboratory research and fluid breakthroughs have improved carbonate matrix stimulation technology in the recent decade. Since oil and gas wells are stimulated often to increase output and maximum recovery, this has resulted in matrix acidizing is a less costly alternative to hydraulic fracturing; therefore, it is widely employed because of its low cost and the fact that it may restore damaged wells to their previous productivity and give extra production capacity. Limestone acidizing in the Mishrif reservoir has never been investigated; hence research revealed fresh insights into this process. Many reports have stated that the Ahdeb oil field's Mishrif reservoir has been unable to be stimulated due to high inj

The theoretical analysis depends on the Classical Laminated Plate Theory (CLPT) that is based on the Von-K ráman Theory and Kirchhov Hypothesis in the deflection analysis during elastic limit as well as the Hooke's laws of calculation the stresses. New function for boundary condition is used to solve the forth degree of differential equations which depends on variety sources of advanced engineering mathematics. The behavior of composite laminated plates, symmetric and anti-symmetric of cross-ply angle, under out-of-plane loads (uniform distributed loads) with two different boundary conditions are investigated to obtain the central deflection for mid-plane by using the Ritz method. The computer programs is built using Ma

The bit record is a part from the daily drilling report which is contain information about the type and the number of the bit that is used to drill the well, also contain data about  the used weight on bit  WOB ,revolution per minute RPM , rate of penetration ROP, pump pressure ,footage drilled and bit dull grade. Generally we can say that the bit record is a rich brief about the bit life in the hole. The main purpose of this research is to select the suitable bit to drill the next oil wells because the right bit selection avoid us more than one problems, on the other hand, the wrong bit selection cause more than one problem. Many methods are related to bit selection, this research is familiar with four of thos

This study deals with the morphology and performance properties of a novel thin flat sheet ultrafiltration membrane; Malachite Green (MG) dye filtration behavior was evaluated in the cross-flow filtration system. The prepared membranes included the incorporation of 16 wt. % of polyether sulfone (PES)/DMF and 5 wt.% of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) via the phase inversion process. Adding PEG decreased the internal concentration polarization, improved the membrane hydrophilicity, changed pore morphologies, and enhanced membrane performance. The SEM and AFM tests were used to characterize the composition and structure of the membrane. With different casting conditions, the membrane shape changed. The effect of membrane thicknes

To achieve sustainability, use waste materials to make concrete to use alternative components and reduce the production of Portland cement. Lime cement was used instead of Portland cement, and 15% of the cement's weight was replaced with silica fume. Also used were eco-friendly fibers (copper fiber) made from recycled electrical. This work examines the impact of utilizing sustainable copper fiber with different aspect ratios (l/d) on some mechanical properties of high-strength green concrete. A high-strength cement mixture with a compressive strength of 65 MPa in line with ACI 211.4R was required to complete the assignment. Copper fibers of 1% by volume of concrete were employed in mixes with four different aspect ratios

This research examines the factors which influence pedestrian's walking speed in Baghdad. the variations in walking speed of pedestrians are related to pedestrian characteristics such as gender, age group, and clothing traditions. Using the established methodology, the counts of pedestrians were performed using manual and video counting. The case study was performed in two streets located in a highly crowded commercial zone at the city center of Baghdad: Al-Karada Dakhel and Al- Sina’a Street. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 19 software. It has been found that Iraqi pedestrians walk slower than other pedestrians in the developed countries or in the region with minimum walking speed of 29.85 m/min.

In this study water quality was indicated in terms of Water Quality Index that was determined through summarizing multiple parameters of water test results. This index offers a useful representation of the overall quality of water for public or any intended use as well as indicating pollution, water quality management and decision making. The application of Water Quality Index
(WQI) with sixteen physicochemical water quality parameters was performed to evaluate the quality of Tigris River water for drinking usage. This was done by subjecting the water samples collected from eight stations in Baghdad city during the period 2004-2010 to comprehensive physicochemical analysis. The sixteen physicochemical parameters included: Turbidity, A

This study deals with free convection heat transfer for the outer surface of two
cylinders of the shape of (Triangular & Rectangular fined cylinders with 8-fins),
putted into two different spaces; small one with dimension of (Length=1.2m,
height=1m, width=0.9m) and large one with dimension of (Length=3.6m, height =3m,
width=2.7m). The experimental work was conducted with air as a heat transport
medium. These cylinders were fixed at different slope angles (0o, 30o, 60o and 90o)
.The heat fluxes were (279, 1012, 1958, 3005, 4419) W/m2, where heat transferred by
convection and radiation. In large space, the results show that the heat transfer from
the triangular finned cylinder is maximum at a slope angle equals

This research studies the effect of adding five different percentages of polymer (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% of cement weight) on cement mortar's fresh and hardened properties, which was cured at laboratory temperature for 7, 14, and 28 days. Workability increases with increasing polymer. The workability value was lowest (25.6 and 29.4) % in mixtures containing 2% and 4% of (SBR). Increasing polymer ratios significantly decreased mechanical properties (compressive and flexural strength). Therefore, the best results were at 2% SBR and 4% SBR at 28 days of age. An inverse relationship was recorded between the increase in SBR ratios and polymer-modified cement mortar's compressive and flexural strength values. In general, the high

This paper adapted the neural network for the estimating of the direction of arrival (DOA). It uses
an unsupervised adaptive neural network with APEX algorithm to extract the principal components
that in turn, are used by Capon method to estimate the DOA, where by the PCA neural network we
take signal subspace only and use it in Capon (i.e. we will ignore the noise subspace, and take the
signal subspace only)

The disconnected piled raft foundation (DCPRF) is one of the newly introduced foundations for specialization in geotechnical engineering, which significantly reduces the moment and stress on the pile head. In addition, this type of foundation is an ideal choice in areas with seismic activity due to the presence of cushion material between the raft and the piles. This work aims to present a numerical model in PLAXIS 3D software for connected piled raft and disconnected piled raft foundations under the influence of seismic loads and investigate the effect of pore water pressure on the disconnected foundation compared to the connected foundation. The study will depend on the earthquake that struck Iraq in November 2017 in t

This paper presents a computer simulation model of a thermally activated roof (TAR) to cool a room using cool water from a wet cooling tower. Modeling was achieved using a simplified 1-D resistance-capacitance thermal network (RC model) for an infinite slab. Heat transfer from the cooling pipe network was treated as 2-D heat flow. Only a limited number of nodes were required to obtain reliable results. The use of 6^th order RC-thermal model produced a set of ordinary differential equations that were solved using MATLAB - R2012a. The computer program was written to cover all possible initial conditions, material properties, TAR system geometry and hourly solar radiation. The cool water supply was considered time

In this paper the finite element method has been used to determine the fundamental natural
frequencies of a pre-twisted plate mounted on the periphery of a rotating disc. Three dimensional,
finite element programs was built using three noded triangular shell element as a discretization
element for cantilever plate, this element has six degrees of freedom at each node. All formulations
and computations are coded in (FORTRAN-77). The investigation covers the effect of speed of
rotation, disc radius, aspect ratio, pre-twist angle and skew angle on the vibration characteristics of
rotating cantilever plate. For this analysis, the initial stress effect (geometric stiffness) and other
rotational effects except the corioles

Tacheometry is used to measure the lengths of traverse sides, to check the more accurate taped distances in order to uncover gross errors or mistakes and to determine differences of elevation between points. It's most general use is found in the compilation of planimetric and topographic maps by field methods alone, by which distances, elevations and directions to points are to be determined from field control points whose positions have been established by a higher order of accuracy. The principles of stadia measurement by use of the transit or theodolite or total station is one of the main method of tacheometry. This paper presents the principles of stadia measurement and a computer program MSM (Modeling the Stadia Measurements). The p

This paper proposes a self organizing fuzzy controller as an enhancement level of the fuzzy controller. The adjustment mechanism provides explicit adaptation to tune and update the position of the output membership functions of the fuzzy controller. Simulation results show that this controller is capable of controlling a non-linear time varying system so that the performance of the system improves so as to reach the desired state in a less number of samples.

This research examines the impact of construction technology systems in contemporary architectural production through the study of the evolution in it systems, construction materials and methods of construction in addition to the digital revolution which provided possibilities of structural and architectural design in creating a distinct architectural product, as considered construction systems technology is the source of creativity in the architectural product, the research is assumed that the construction systems technology have achieved a structural innovation in production through the materials and methods of construction and digital design.
For Long time technology was connected to the

The ground level ozone concentration at different locations in Baghdad city was identified. Five
different sites have been chosen to identify the ground level ozone concentration. Al- Dora and Al-
Za'afarania were chosen as areas contained point source ( power plant station ) in addition to high traffic
load , while Al –Uma park, Aden square and Al-Mawal square were chosen as area contained heavy
traffic only (line source). The measurement focuses on spring and fall because these periods display
favorable meteorology to ozone formation. During the research period the maximum values (peaks) for
ground level ozone concentration were observed at fall: at Al-Za'afarania area 101ppb as an average, at
Al-Dora 87 ppb as a

The coefficient of performance of a window type Air-Conditioner system can be improved if a reduction in the work of compressor can be achieved by a suitable technique. The present study investigates the effect of dispersing a low concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles in the mineral oil based lubricant, as well as on the overall performance of a window type Air-Conditioner system using R22 as the working fluid. An enhancement in the COP of the refrigeration system has been observed and the existence of an optimum volume fraction noticed, with low concentrations of nanoparticles suspended in the mineral oil. Results showed that the average compressor work reduced by 13.3%, which ultimately resulted in an increase of 11.99% in the COP due to

Iron is one of the abundant elements on earth that is an essential element for humans and may be a troublesome element in water supplies.  In this research an AAN model was developed to predict iron concentrations in the location of Al- Wahda water treatment plant in Baghdad city by water quality assessment of iron concentrations at seven WTPs up stream Tigris River. SPSS software was used to build the ANN model. The input data were iron concentrations in the raw water for the period 2004-2011. The results indicated the best model predicted Iron concentrations at Al-Wahda WTP with a coefficient of determination 0.9142. The model used one hidden layer with two nodes and the testing error was 0.834. The ANN model coul

The present work presents a new experimental study of the enhancement of turbulent
convection heat transfer inside tubes for combined thermal and hydrodynamic entry length of one
popular “turbulator” (twisted tape with width slightly less than internal tube diameter) inserted for
fire tube boilers. Cylindrical combustion chamber was used to burn (1.6 to 7kg/h) fuel oil #2 to
deliver hot gases with ranges of Reynolds number (10500 to 21700), and (11400 to 24150) for both
empty and inserted tube respectively.A uniform wall temperature technique was used by keeping
approximately constant water temperature difference (25ºC) between inlet and exit cooling water in
parallel flow shell and tube heat exchanger. The test