In the recent years, some of the newly constructed asphalt concrete pavements in Baghdad as well as other cities across Iraq showed premature failures with consequential negative impact on both roadway safety and economy. Frequently, load associated mode of failure (rutting and fatigue) as well as, occasionally, moisture damage in some poorly drained sections are the main failure types found in those newly constructed road.

In this research, hydrated lime was introduced into asphalt concrete mixtures of wearing course in two methods. The first one was the addition of dry lime on dry aggregate and the second one was the addition of dry lime on saturated surface dry aggregate moisturized by 2.0 to 3.0 percent of wa

Reinforcement of refractory castables with steel fibers improves their strength for cracking and spalling and expands the service life.

The results show that raising the temperature from 700°C to 900°C causes an increase in porosityand decrease in bulk density for refractory castables. This happens because of decomposition of the hydraulic bond of alumina cement. When the temperature is raised higher than 900°C, ceramic bond is formed as a result of sol dreaction between alumina cement and bauxite aggregate. This leads to reduction of the porosity ar d aincrease in the bulk density. Steel fibers are affected positively in reducing the porosity ardaincreasing the bulk density for refractory castables. This positi

Noise levels have rapidly increased in recent years, largely due to the proliferation of modern appliances and critical noise sources like engine exhaust mufflers. Controlling muffler-radiated noise could reduce its impact on the surrounding communities. Generally, conventional mufflers utilize expensive sound-absorbing, fibrous, porous materials with high cost and harmful effects. Thus, eco-friendly materials are being used as alternative materials for their lower cost and less effects. The objective of this study is to evaluate natural material fiber's potential as an effective sound absorber in exhaust absorptive mufflers. Also, evaluate an elliptical muffler's performance by studying several factors, including liner

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Water is necessary for sustainable development and healthy society.  Groundwater, often, is not sufficient and protected for direct human consumption. Due to increase in the density of population the requirement of water is increasing.  In this work, the assessment of groundwater quality was conducted in the south-west part of Basrah province. Spatial variations in the quality of groundwater in the study area have been analyzed utilizing GIS technique. The geochemical parameters of groundwater samples including pH, EC, TDS, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, HCO₃, SO₄, and NO₃ were assessed in this study. Information maps of the study area have been actually prepared to make use of the GIS spatial

Eye loss may be caused as a result of eye trauma, accidents, or malignant tumors, which leads the patient to undergo surgery to remove the damaged parts. This research examines the potential of computer vision represented by Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry in fabricating the orbital prosthesis as a noninvasive and low-cost technique. A low-cost camera was used to collect the data towards extracting the dense 3D data of the patient facial features following Structure from Motion-Multi View Stereo (SfM-MVS) algorithms. To restore the defective orbital, a Reverse Engineering (RE) based approach has been applied using the similarity RE algorithms based on the opposite healthy eye to rehabilitate the defected orbit

Shallow and inclined skirted foundations on 30% sandy soil were examined in the experiment program. The study examined the effects of positive and negative eccentric-inclined loading on foundations. Experimental testing was done in a 600 × 600 mm box with a 50 x 50 mm square footing with a 10 mm thickness. The skirt angles were 10°, 20°, and 30°, and the skirt depth was Ds was 0.5 B. Results showed that using skirts significantly increases load-bearing capacity and decreases tilting. Tilting reduces with a skirt, and skirt inclination (alpha) increases with similar loads. Inclined skirts decrease tilt by (2.3% to 0.66%) at e was 0.15 B, load angle (beta) was 15°, and alpha was 30° in the negative case. Tilting incr

This research aims to evaluate the levels of some air pollutant gases, namely sulfur dioxide (SO₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and radon (Rn²²²) in the residential areas surrounding the Dora refinery, south of Baghdad. Several locations were selected from residential areas representing different directions relative to the refinery, taking into account the distance from the emission source and the environmental characteristics of the site. In this study, gas detection techniques were applied, using a multi-gas detector in the areas surrounding the Dora refinery. Concentrations were collected over three consecutive months, with 89 readings taken at 14 locations in the areas surrounding the Dora

The main objective of this laboratory study was to produce environmentally friendly, sustainable roller-compacted concrete (SRCC) that meets the required strength by utilizing waste building materials such as waste thermostone block as a partial volume replacement of fine aggregate by two percentages (15% and 30%) and filler by 50%. Along with standard curing, three different curing regimes were tested: spray-water, liquid-membrane compound (Sika Antisol-WB), and damp-burlap. Regarding the curing methods, the liquid-membrane compound achieved the best results compared to standard-curing, followed by damp-burlap. On the other hand, spray-water resulted in the poorest performance, yielding lower results than standard-curin

Rotating fan shaft system was investigated experimentally and theoretically to study its dynamic performance. The type of oil used for the bearing was taken in consideration during the experimental program .Three types of oil were used, SAE 40, SAE 50 and degraded oil. During the experiments, the fan blades stagger angle was changed through angles (20˚, 30˚, 40˚, and 50˚). The shaft rotational speed also changed in the range of (0-3000 rpm). All these parameters have investigated for two cases (balanced and unbalanced fan). The performance parameters of the fan were found experimentally by measuring the fan, volume flow rate, Reynolds and Strouhal numbers, efficiency and pressure head. Analytical part was also represented to prepare

In most of the construction projects, there are many events or risks may occur during the execution
of project. These risks (e.g. the excess of project cost or the expected time, increasing the prices of
material and labor, accidents, changes, engineering errors or omissions, bad quality, delay in
reaching the facilities to the site, etc.) may effect negatively on the project and the parties.
Therefore, these risks must be identified and assessed accurately to avoid or reduce the negative
effects for these risks. The concept of risk is used to assess and evaluate uncertainties associated
with an event or a process. A construction process includes many uncertainties, therefore, the
construction project’s parties are

Predicting Stream flow forecasting is of great interest to engineers and hydrologists for the management and planning in designing water resources projects and for water resources for. Long-term and short-term stream flow forecasting can provide valuable information on the possibility of designing water projects. This paper aims to improve the hydraulic performance selected channel namely the Shatt al-Ibrahim channel by measuring the depth of flow, using an Inflatable dam and comparing it with the water depth before the dam was placed in operational discharge (2 m³/sec). One-dimensional and two-dimensional numerical models are generated and analyzed using HEC-RSA software and then calibration with a physical m

A total of 48 experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of slit weir dimensions and locations on the maximum scour depth and scour area created upstream. The slit weir model was a 110 mm slit opening, and it was installed at the end of the working section in a laboratory flume. The flume was 10.0 m long, 30 cm wide, 30 cm deep, and almost middle. It includes a 2 m working section with a mobile bed with 110 mm in thickness. In the mobile bed, two types of nonuniform sand (with a geometric standard deviation of 1.58 and 1.6) were tested separately. The weir dimensions and location were changed with flow rates. Then dimensions of the slit weir were changed from 60 x 110 mm to 60 x 70 mm (width x height), while th

Undoubtedly, Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) are a major dilemma in term of mortality and morbidity facing the road users as well as the traffic and road authorities. Since 2002, the population in Iraq has increased by 49 percent and the number of vehicles by three folds. Consequently, these increases were unfortunately combined with rising the RTAs number, mortality and morbidity. Alongside the humanitarian tragedies, every year, there are considerable economic losses in Iraq lost due to the epidemic of RTAs. Given the necessity of understanding the contributory factors related to RTAs for the implementation by traffic and road authorities to improve the road safety, the necessity have been a rise for

Porcelanite rocks were selected to be the dual media with sand in this study to improve the performance of the filtration process in water treatment plants. The work required installing a pilot filtration unit in the location of the filters in one of the water treatment plants, so the experimental work was performed on the same influent water of the filters in the plant (the effluent from the sedimentation tank. The pilot filtration consists of three plastic column filters, working parallel and simultaneously. The first contains 70 cm sand (the same type used in the filters of the plant), the second and third were dual filters (porcelanite with sand) of different depths and sizes using different filtration rates (5, 10, and 15 m/hr). The

The work in this research presents an experimental and a theoretical study to obtain the effect of using a low permeability geosynthetic material on the longitudinal and lateral coefficients of dispersion. This would have its effect on the contaminants migration through an isotropic, homogenous and saturated soil. The first stage of this research involves the study of the geosynthetic material and in calculating the longitudinal and lateral coefficients of dispersion for an Iraqi sandy soil by using an experimental set-up to simulate the processes. To investigate the effect of using a geosynethtic material on the dispersion coefficients, the test was conducted for each velocity that was used in the experimental work and as follows: wi

To study the nonlinear response of composite concrete beams, a finite element analysis is presented. Material nonlinearities as a result of nonlinear response of concrete in compression, crushing and cracking of concrete, strain softening and stiffening after cracking, yielding of reinforcement, bond- slip, shear-slip, and dowel action between the precast concrete beams and the cast-in-situ slabs are considered.A biaxial concrete model is adopted. Concrete is treated as an orthotropic material with smeared rotating crack model. The steel reinforcement is assumed to be in a uniaxial stress state and is modeled as a bilinear material. I A two-dimensional plane stress finite element type is used to model the concrete Reinforcement is repres

A laboratory-scale experiment was carried out to estimate the influence of temperature fluctuation on thermophilic anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste (MOW). Heating failure was simulated by decreasing temperature gradually from 55 °C to 20 °C gradually 2 h time need for temperature decrease and recovery. Under conditions of 8.0 g/ (L·d) and 15 d respectively for MOW load and retention time. Following results were found: (1) biogas production almost stopped and VFA (Volatile Fatty Acid) accumulated rapidly when accompanied by pH decrease. (2) With low temperature (20°C) duration of 1, 5, 12 and 24 h, the thermophilic anaerobic digestion system reproduce methane after temperature fluctuation of 3, 11, 56 and 72 h. (3) The b

Methyle tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) is the most fuel additive used through the world.Thus, it has been reported that MTBE is the second high concentration contamination found in ground water.
Study of the effect of reaction time and reaction temperature of 25 to 55° C on the kinetic of chemical oxidation has been done with 3000 ppm MTBE in water at pH range 3 to 7 and 1:1 hydrogen peroxide to Fenton’s reagent ratio.
Also, Kinetic analysis was carried out to determine reaction order and activation energy for the reaction of MTBE disappearance during the reaction with Fenton’s reagent.

The aim of this work is to make an evaluation to the reliability and availability of an electrical power plant as special kind of production systems to assess its ability in providing power with acceptable quality at a given period of time. Markov model was used as an analytical tool in assessment of the reliability and availability of a production power plant in Iraq, and especially for its four new steam-power units, which considered as basic power units of this plant This model (Markov) was used for the first once in assessment of power production system in Iraq. and prove its ability to provide a general evaluation for the performance of the power plant during a period of time Since the method has too extensișe mathematical operatio

Substantial amounts of data concerning the-fatigue performance tests are presented. These data contain the information about results that are expressed by means of the fatigue equation parameters Different fatigue tess are included using different types of mixes. The collected information was not similar n all aspects. Some studies included variables. which were not considered by others. The different representations of the fatigue equation makes it necessary to find the relations between the parameters of these different equations in order to study all the data together. The colleeted data were examined statistically to check its consistency; that is to say, they belong to the same population. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for goodness of

In this paper , a theoretical and experimental analysis of harmonic currents generated by 6-pulse, ac|dc converter with the use of ac voltage regulator is presented. The theoretical analysis is simulated using Fourier series analysis and Fast Fourier Transform ( FFT ) algorithm . The simulated analysis is validated with experimental results from 3-phase , 6-pulse , bridge converter rated at 4.2 Kw and
connected to the 400 V , 50 Hz , ac power supply through a 3-phase , ac voltage regulator . The influence of dc load inductance on the ac harmonic current amplitudes is also evaluated.

Recently, some of Iraq's newly constructed asphalt concrete pavements showed premature failures with significant negative impacts on roadway safety and the economy. Using Nano hydrated lime (NHL) in pavement construction could be one of the possible steps to improve pavement durability. This article discusses how NHL affects the durability of hot mix asphalt. NHL was added in two methods to the asphalt concrete mixture for the wearing course. The first is the dry method, i.e., on the aggregate, whereas the second is the wet addition method, i.e., to the bitumen. The percentages were tried for each additional method; 1, 2, and 3% by weight of aggregate for the dry method and 0.5, 1, and 1.5% by weight of asphalt concrete

Transit agencies constantly need information about system operations and passengers to support their regular scheduling and operation planning processes. The lack of these processes and cultural motivations to use public transportations contributes enormously to the reliance on the private cars rather than public transportation, resulting in traffic congestions. The traffic congestions occur mainly during peak hours and the accidents happening as a result of road accidents and construction works.  This study investigates the effects of weekday and weekend travel variability on peak hours of the passenger flow distribution on bus lines, which can effectively reflect the degree of traffic congestion. A study of passen

This search concerns study the crack growth in the wall of pipes made of low carbon steel under the impact load and using the effect of moisture (rate of moisture 50%). The environmental conditions were controlled using high accuracy digital control with sensors. The pipe has a crack already. The test was performed and on two type of specimens, one has a length of 100cm and other have length 50cm. The results were, when the humidity was applied to the pipe, the crack would enhance to grow (i.e. the number of cycles needed to grow the crack will reduce). In addition, when the test performed on the specimens of length 50cm the number of cycles needed to grow the crack is increased due to the effect of bending stress on the

The present research is concerned with studying of the drag force on two spheres moving side by side and in line in non-Newtonian liquid. Polyacryamide (PAA) solution with different concentrations (0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07)% by weight and water is used for comparison for obtaining the effect of fluid properties on the drag force. Different types of spheres stainless steel, glass and plastic with different sizes and densities were used. Within the considered range of power law index (0.6 - 1), and generated Reynolds number (1.1 -75) in power law fluid and Reynolds number (100 - 1000) for water it was found the drag coefficient increases with increasing the power law index for constant generated Reynolds number and the drag force increase

Due to the deterioration of water quality within the last few years because of the increase of water consumption and the waste water production and disposal into the river The water quality in both surface and ground water resources was negatively affected .The concept of water quality index is used as a tool for water quality classification in Tigris River within Baghdad City .Twenty two parameters of pollution were selected to measure the water quality indices of Tigris river within Baghdad city .Those parameters were measured during (2000-2004)as average monthly values ,three water treatment plants were selected out of the eight water
treatment plants that exist along the river.Al Kharkh water treatment plant to reflect the water

The one-dimensional, cylindrical coordinate, non-linear partial differential equation of transient heat conduction through a hollow cylindrical thermal insulation material of a thermal conductivity temperature dependent property proposed by an available empirical
function is solved analytically using Kirchhoff’s transformation. It is assumed that this insulating material is initially at a uniform temperature. Then, it is suddenly subjected at its inner radius with a step change in temperature. Four thermal insulation materials were selected. An identical analytical solution was achieved when comparing the results of temperature distribution with available analytical solution for the same four case studies that assume a constant the

The research aims to apply the novel forward osmosis (FO) process to recover pure water
from contaminated water. Phenol was used as organic substance in the feed solution, while sodium
chloride salt was used as draw solution. Membranes used in the FO process is the cellulose
triacetate (CTA) and polyamide (thin film composite (TFC)) membrane. Reverse osmosis process
was used to treatment the draw solution, the exterior from the forward osmosis process. In the FO
process the active layer of the membrane faces the feed solution and the porous support layer faces
the draw solution and this will show the effect of dilutive internal concentration polarization and
concentrative external concentration polarization.
In th

Reservoir fluids properties are very important in reservoir engineering computations such as material balance calculations, well testing analyses, reserve estimates, and numerical reservoir simulations. Isothermal oil compressibility is required in fluid flow problems, extension of fluid properties from values at the bubble point pressure to higher pressures of interest and in material balance calculations (Ramey, Spivey, and McCain). Isothermal oil compressibility is a measure of the fractional change in volume as pressure is changed at constant temperature (McCain). The most accurate method for determining the Isothermal oil compressibility is a laboratory PVT analysis; however, the evaluation of exploratory wells often require an esti