Diabetic retinopathy is an eye disease in diabetic patients due to damage to the small blood vessels in the retina due to high and low blood sugar levels. Accurate detection and classification of Diabetic Retinopathy is an important task in computer-aided diagnosis, especially when planning for diabetic retinopathy surgery. Therefore, this study aims to design an automated model based on deep learning, which helps ophthalmologists detect and classify diabetic retinopathy severity through fundus images. In this work, a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning and fine tunes has been proposed by using pre-trained networks known as Residual Network-50 (ResNet-50). The overall framework of the proposed

Soil suction is one of the most important parameters describing the moisture condition of unsaturated soils. The measurement of soil suction is crucial for applying the theories of the engineering behavior of unsaturated soils.
The filter paper method is one of the soil suction measurement techniques In this paper, five soil samples were collected from five sites within Baghdad city – al-Rasafa region. These soils have different properties and they were prepared at different degrees of saturation. For each sample, the total and matric suction were measured by the filter paper method at different degrees of saturation. Then correlations were made between the soil properties and the total and matric suction. It was concluded that the

Although renewable energy systems have become an interesting global issue, it is not continuous either daily or seasonally. Latent heat energy storage (LHES) is one of the suitable solutions for this problem. LHES becomes a basic element in renewable energy systems. LHES compensate for the energy lack when these systems are at low production conditions. The present work considered a shell and tube LHES for numerical investigation of the tube rotation influence on the melting process. The simulation and calculations were carried out using ANSYS Fluent software. Paraffin wax represents the phase change material (PCM) in this work, while water was selected to be the heat transfer fluid (HTF). The calculations were carried o

A vector control is proposed for a two phase induction motor drive . The motor is driven by H-bridge current-regulated pulsewidth modulated voltage source inverter. The vector control is based upon rotor field orientation concepts that have been adopted
for this type of machine. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the system operation and the MATLAB/SIMULINK has been used for simulation.

Experimental and numerical investigations of the centrifugal pump performance at non-cavitating and cavitating flow conditions were carried out in the present study. Experiments were performed by applying a vacuum to a closed-loop system to investigate the effects of the net positive suction head available (NPSHa), flow rate, water temperature and pump speed on the centrifugal pump performance. Accordingly, many of the important parameters concerning cavitation phenomenon were calculated. Also, the noise which is accompanied by cavitation was measured. Numerical analysis was implemented for two phase flow (the water and its vapor) using a 2-D simulation by ANSYS FLUENT software to investigate the internal flow of centrifugal pump under c

تم في هذا البحث دراسة تأثير حامض الكبريتيك بتراكيز 10% و %50% و 98% على الخصائص الجيوتكنيكية للتربة العربية الطينية التي تم جلبها من منطقة المسبب من خلال إضافة حامض الكبريتيك بالتراكير المبينة اعلاء بنسبة 200% إلى التربة مع أضافة ماء بنسب متغيرة ولفترات الصباح ۰ و ۳ و ۷ و ۱۵ ) يوم ، وتم دراسة تصرف التربة المرصوصة من خلال فحص الاحمام بأتجاه واحد. ووجد من خلال الدراسة أن تعرض التربة العرينية الطينية للتلوث بالحامض يؤدي

The effect of longitudinal vibration on the laminar forced convection heat transfer in a horizontal tube was studied in the present work. The flow investigated is an internal, laminar, incompressible, developing, steady and oscillatory flow. The vibration vector was parallel to the fluid flow direction. The boundary layer was studied in the entrance region for Prandtl numbers greater than one and the hydrodynamic boundary layer grows faster than thermal boundary layer. The governing equations which used were momentum equation in the axial direction, continuity and energy equation. The finite difference technique was introduced to transform the partial differential equations into algebraic equations and the later equations were solved usi

Al-Saidiya PN pumping station raw sewage discharges forms the major pollution source to Tigris river between Al-Jadirriya and Al-Dora bridges, its main importance comes from its location upstream to Al-Dora water treatment plant. In an attempt to evaluate the environmental effects on water quality within the river reach under study, special emphasis was put on evaluating the environmental impact of Al-Saidiya (PN) pumping station wastewater discharges on downstream intakes of water supply, using parameters Oil & Grease, DO, BOD and Coliform & Feacal coliform, in addition to SO4, Cl & EC distributions
in three dimensions. It was found that most pollutants concentrations at Al-Dora WTP range within the
permissible level f

Distilled water flow through a virgin hollow fibre membrane, HFM is considered as steady
nonuniform since the fibre’s wall hydraulic conductivity coefficient is kept constant along the fibre
and unchanged during the operation. Under these conditions, two well known laws were used to
mathematically simulate the hydraulic flow through the HFM. These two laws are: the Darcy’s
Law, to simulate the flow thought the fibre wall, and the Hagen-Poiseuille’s Law, to simulate the
laminar flow through the fibre channel. Laboratory measurements were carried out to provide necessary data for the calibration and verification of the mathematical model that was developed based on the Darcy’s and Poiseuille’s laws.

Wireless digital communication is rapidly expanding resulting in a demand for systems that
are reliable and have a high spectral efficiency. To fulfill these demands OFDM technology has drawn a lot of attention. In this paper a new technique is proposed to improve the performance of OFDM. The new technique is use the slantlet transform (SLT) instead Fast Fourier transform (FFT) in order to reduce the level of interference. This also will remove the need for Guard interval (GI) in the case of the FFT-OFDM and therefore improve the bandwidth efficiency of the OFDM. The SLT-OFDM is also better than wavelet packet (WP)-OFDM in the selective channel because the slantlet filter bank is less frequency selective than the traditional DWT fi

This paper presents the results of experimental investigation carried out on concrete model
piles to study the behaviour of defective piles. This was achieved by employing non-destructive tests using ultrasonic waves. It was found that the reduction in pile stiffness factor is found to be about (26%) when the defect ratio increased from (5%) to (15%). The modulus of elasticity reduction factor as well as the dynamic modulus of elasticity reduction factor increase with the defect ratio. 

The manifestations of climate change are increasing with the days: sudden rains and floods, lakes that evaporate, rivers that experience unprecedentedly low water levels, and successive droughts such as the Tigris, Euphrates, Rhine, and Lape rivers. At the same time, energy consumption is increasing, and there is no way to stop the warming of the Earth's atmosphere despite the many conferences and growing interest in environmental problems. An aspect that has not received sufficient attention is the tremendous heat produced by human activities. This work links four elements in the built environment that are known for their high energy consumption (houses, supermarkets, greenhouses, and asphalt roads) according t

Anaerobic digestion is a technology widely used for treatment of organic waste for biogas production as a source for clean energy. In this study, poultry house wastes (PHW) material was examined as a source for biogas production. The effects of inoculum addition, pretreatment of the substrate, and temperature on the biogas production were taken into full consideration. Results revealed that the effect of inoculum addition was more significant than the alkaline pretreatment of raw waste materials. The biogas recovery from inoculated waste materials exceeds its production from wastes without inoculation by approximately 70% at mesophilic conditions. Whereby, the increase of biogas recovery from pretreated wastes was by 20% higher than its

A new design concept for a percolator is developed which combine the simultaneous production of ammonia vapor plus the pumping of weak aqua ammonia liquid. The steady state desig was based on a balance between the hydrostatic driving head and the total single and two-phase pressure losses in the percolator system. To accomplish this, the results from modeling of the driving pressure and pressure losses, using the separated flow and drift flux methods were compared with the experimental measurements. The Chisholm's model was the best in predicting the measured flow rate versus water level for first stage with a maximum standard deviation of ± 10.1% and was adopted for the theoretical calculations. Parametric design studies that include t

The aesthetic and architectural shapes of the beam-column elements may enhance the elements strength depending on the maximum and minimum bending moments effect. Therefore, the stability value of the non-linear taper member in concave configuration may be more efficient than linear taper or prismatic members. The modified stability functions will be obtained from the solution of the basic differential equation, where this basic differential equation depends on the non-linearity factor of the beam-column shape and the shape factor of the cross-sectional area. These two factors, multiplied by others, produce the modified shape factor, which affects the results of the basic differential equation solutions.

The aim of this research was to apply a numerical model capable of describing the thermal pollution in rivers. For this purpose a two-dimensional numerical model was applied for estimating temperature distribution in a river Momentum Conservation Equation and Thermal Energy Equation were used to describe the fdistribution and diffusion of temperature along the river subjected to thermal pollution point source. Furthermore the model incorporates the (k-e) turbulence model to calculate the distribution of turbulent viscosity The pressure distribution was determined using hydrostatic pressure equation. The partial differential equations were formalized and simplified to be solved using Alternative direction implicit- explicit method (ADI) w

An approximate solution of the vibration of an elastically restrained, uniform and non-uniform beams with translational and rotational springs is obtained using Rayleigh-Ritz approach. The frequencies are presented for wide range of restrained parameters and some of these have been compared with those available in the published literature illustrating the accuracy and versatility of the approach. It is believed that the results present in this paper will be of use in design of beams, shaft, and piping under dynamics consideration.

Experiments were conducted to study the local and average heat transfer by mixed convection for hydrodynamically fully developed but thermally developing laminar air flow in horizontal circular cylinder. The experimental setup using an aluminum cylinder as test section with 30 mm inside diameter and 900 mm heated length (L/D=30), is subjected to a constant wall heat flux boundary condition. The investigation covers Reynolds number range from (400 to 1600), heat flux varied from (60W/m² to 400W/m²)and by using an aluminum entrance section pipes (calming sections) having the same inside diameter as test section pipe but with variable lengths as entrance sections. The entrance sections included a long calming section of length 240 cm (L/D

This paper includes study of performance of single cylinder, 4-stroke spark ignition engine
Ricardo E6, with variable compression ratio, spark timing and equivalence ratio, fueled with
supplementary hydrogen to gasoline.
The speed of 25 rps and higher useful compression ratio were chosen in studying the effect of
wide range of equivalence ratios and spark timing.
The results showed that HUCR for mixture of two fuels was (9:1). The brake power when
operated with gasoline was higher than when it was fueled with hydrogen alone, but when mixing
two fuels the brake power increased and became higher than that when working with gasoline to a
certain limit (the hydrogen volumetric ratio in the mixture reached 80%), after

This research study one of the specialized buildings related to culture, and the cultural activity considered as the basic cause of its architecture presencing. The main role of these centers is to spread culture and to provide ways of natural cultural communication among various societies. These societies differ in expressing culture and methods of cultural activity performance, as the cultural act, with its different levels, connects with each society s civilizational codes and direct this act to meet the spiritual and material needs of the society in general and the person in particular. The difference between cultures had been reflected in the way of performing the cultural activity and the buildings needed for serving this activity

Software Defined Networking (SDN) with centralized control provides a global view and achieves efficient network resources management. However, using centralized controllers has several limitations related to scalability and performance, especially with the exponential growth of 5G communication. This paper proposes a novel traffic scheduling algorithm to avoid congestion in the control plane. The Packet-In messages received from different 5G devices are classified into two classes: critical and non-critical 5G communication by adopting Dual-Spike Neural Networks (DSNN) classifier and implementing it on a Virtualized Network Function (VNF). Dual spikes identify each class to increase the reliability of the classification

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is one of the most effective solid states joining process and has numerous potential applications in many industries. A FSW numerical tool, based on ANSYS F.E software, has been developed. The amount of the heat gone to the tool dictates the life of the tool and the capability of the tool to produce a good processed zone. Hence, understanding the heat transfer aspect of the friction stir welding is extremely important for improving the process. Many research works were carried out to simulate the friction stir welding using various softwares to determine the temperature distribution for a given set of welding conditions. The objective of this research is to develop a finite element sim

Due to the popularity of radar, receivers often “hear” a great number of other transmitters in
addition to their own return merely in noise. The dealing with the problem of identifying and/or
separating a sum of tens of such pulse trains from a number of different sources are often received on
the one communication channel. It is then of interest to identify which pulses are from which source,
based on the assumption that the different sources have different characteristics. This search deals with a
graphical user interface (GUI) to generate the radar pulse in order to use the required radar signal in any
specified location.

single and binary competitive sorption of phenol and p-nitrophenol onto clay modified with
quaternary ammonium (Hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium ) was investigated to obtain the
adsorption isotherms constants for each solutes. The modified clay was prepared from
blending of local bentonite with quaternary ammonium . The organoclay was characterized
by cation exchange capacity. and surface area. The results show that paranitrophenol is
being adsorbed faster than phenol . The experimental data for each solute was fitted well with
the Freundlich isotherm model for single solute and with the combination of Freundlich-
Langmuier model for binary system .

Urban morphological approach (concepts and practices) plays a significant role in forming our cities not only in terms of theoretical perspective but also in how to practice and experience the urban form structures over time. Urban morphology has been focused on studying the processes of formation and transformation of urban form based on its historical development. The main purpose of this study is to explore and describe the existing literature of this approach and thus aiming to summarize the most important studies that put into understanding the city form. In this regard, there were three schools of urban morphological studies, namely: the British, the Italian, and the French School. A reflective comparison between t

In this paper, the effects of subsurface water retention technology (SWRT) on crop coefficient (k_c) and crop evapotranspiration (ET_c) of eggplant were investigated in sandy loam soil. For this purpose, two treatments plot (with SWRT and without using SWRT) were adopted during 93 days of cultivation. The study was conducted in open field within Al-Fahamah Township, Baghdad, Iraq during summer growing season 2017. The accumulated ET_c of eggplant was 403.3 and 515.2 mm for SWRT treatment and control plot, respectively by reduction percentage 21.7 %. The average values of ET_c during the growing season were 4.3 and 5.5 mm/day, respectively. The crop coefficients value during the gro

In the present work, experimental tests was done to explain the effect of insulation and water level on the yield output. Linear basin, single slope solar still used to do this purpose. The test was done from May to August 2017 in Mosul City-Iraq (Latitude: Longitude: Elevation: 200 m, and  South-East face). Experimental results showed that the yield output of the still increased by 20.785% and 19.864% in case of using thermal insulation at 4cm and 5cm respectively, also the yield output decrease by 15.134% as the water level increase from 4 to 5cm, with the presence of insulation and 14.147% without it. It has been conclude that the insulation and water level play important role in the process of passive

This study concerns a new type of heat exchangers, which is that of shell-and-double concentric tube heat exchangers. The case studies include both design calculations and performance calculations.

       The new heat exchanger design was conducted according to Kern method. The volumetric flow rates were 3.6 m³/h and 7.63 m³/h for the hot oil and water respectively. The experimental parameters studied were: temperature, flow rate of hot oil, flow rate of cold water and pressure drop.

A comparison was made for the theoretical and experimental results and it was found that the percentage error for the hot oil outlet temperature was (- 1.6%). The percentage

In wide range of chemical, petrochemical and energy processes, it is not possible to manage without slurry bubble column reactors. In this investigation, time average local gas holdup was recorded for three different height to diameter (H/D) ratios 3, 4 and 5 in 18" diameter slurry bubble column. Air-water-glass beads system was used with superficial velocity up to 0.24 m/s. the gas holdup was measured using 4-tips optical fiber probe technique. The results show that the axial gas holdup increases almost linearly with the superficial gas velocity in 0.08 m/s and levels off with a further increase of velocity. A comparison of the present data with those reported for other slurry bubble column having diameters larger than

The worldwide construction industry has recognized the necessity for lightweight building materials that are flexible, high-performance, and environmentally friendly. In response to this need, lightweight foamed concrete (LFC) is being proposed. In concrete, nanoparticles are utilized for their beneficial effects, such as their small particle size and high reactivity, which improve the strength of concrete. In this study, foam concrete block waste was used as a partial substitute for cement in the manufacture of foamed concrete. The experimental program was done by preparing finally ground foam concrete wastes by using specific machines to produce particles similar to cement particles. The replacement ratios are (0, 10,