The electrocoagulation process became one of the most important technologies used for water treatment processes in the last few years. It’s the preferred method to remove suspended solids and heavy metals from water for treating drinking water and wastewater from textile, diary, and electroplating factories. This research aims to study the effect of using the electrocoagulation process with aluminum electrodes on the removal efficiency of suspended solids and turbidity presented in raw water and optimizing by the response surface methodology (RSM). The most important variables studied in this research included electrode spacing, the applied voltage, and the operating time of the electrocoagulation process. The samples

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is extensively used in the construction industry due to its benefits throughout the Project Life Cycle (PLC). BIM can simulate buildings throughout PLC, detect and resolve problems, and improve building visualization that contributes to the representation of actual project details in the construction stage. BIM contributes to project management promotion by detecting problems that lead to conflicts, cost overruns, and time delays. This work aims to implement an effective BIM for the Iraqi construction projects’ life cycle. The methodology used is a literature review to collect the most important factors contributing to the success of BIM implementation, interview the team of the Cent

The Wheat husk is one of the common wastes abundantly available in the Middle East countries especially in Iraq. The present study aimed to evaluate the Wheat husk as low cost material, eco-friendly adsorbents for the removal of the carcinogenic dye (Congo red dye) from wastewater by investigate the effect of, at different conditions such as, pH(3-10), amount of adsorbents (1-2.3gm/L),and particle size (125-1000) μm, initial Congo red dye concentration(10, 25 , 50 and 75mg/l)  by batch experiments. The results showed that the removal percentage of dye increased with increasing adsorbent dosage, and decreasing particle size. The maximum removal and uptake reached (91%) , 21.5mg/g, respectively for 25 initial concent

Dry gas is considered one of the most environmentally friendly sources of energy. As a result, developing an efficient strategy for storing this gas has become essential. In this work, MOF-199 was synthesized and characterized in order to investigate the MOF-199 in dry gas adsorption using a built-in volumetric system (methane, ethane, and propane from Basrah gas company). The MOF-199 (metal organic framework) was synthesized using the solvothermal method at 373K for 24h, and then it was characterized. The dry gas adsorption on MOF-199 was studied under various conditions (adsorbent dosage, contact time, temperature, and pressure). The isothermal adsorption of the dry gas had been studied on MOF-199 using two types of mo

Roller-Compacted Concrete (RCC) is a zero-slump concrete, with no forms, no reinforcing steel, no finishing and is wet enough to support compaction by vibratory rollers. Because the effectiveness of curing on properties and durability, the primary scope of this research is to study the effect of various curing methods (air curing, emulsified asphalt(flan coat) curing, 7 days water curing and permanent water curing) and different porcelanite (local material used as an Internal Curing agent) replacement percentages (volumetric replacement) of fine aggregate on some properties of RCC and to explore the possibility of introducing more practical RCC for road pavement with minimum requirement of curing. Cubes specimens were sawed from the slab

 The two-dimensional, incompressible, and turbulent boundary layer flow over a flat plate

with suction or blowing from a spanwise slot is examined numerically. The mathematical

modeling involves the derivation of the governing partial differential equations of the

problems. These are the continuity, the momentum, the energy and the (K-ε) turbulence

model. Besides, the perfect gas law is also used. A numerical solution of the governing

equations is approximated by using a

In recent years, the performance of Spatial Data Infrastructures for governments and companies is a task that has gained ample attention. Different categories of geospatial data such as digital maps, coordinates, web maps, aerial and satellite images, etc., are required to realize the geospatial data components of Spatial Data Infrastructures. In general, there are two distinct types of geospatial data sources exist over the Internet: formal and informal data sources. Despite the growth of informal geospatial data sources, the integration between different free sources is not being achieved effectively. The adoption of this task can be considered the main advantage of this research. This article addresses the research question of how the

Iraqi Construction Industry faces large challenges especially now adays: these challenges
cause many problems in the quality, cost and duration of the projects. One of these challenges is the problems of choosing the appropriate offer, because the lowest one is chosen in spite of the fact that this offer is not the best one. The researcher made a field study for the case of incorrect pricing of contracts through direct interviews with many expertise's. Through the application of innovative approach & brainstorming techniques, a proposed criterion for choosing the suitable offer was suggested depending on many factors as a base for evaluation and tendering of offers. This criterion also evaluated by many senior engineers and assu

The increase globally fossil fuel consumption as it represents the main source of energy around the world, and the sources of heavy oil more than light, different techniques were used to reduce the viscosity and increase mobility of heavy crude oil. this study focusing on the experimental tests  and modeling with Back Feed Forward Artificial Neural Network (BFF-ANN) of the dilution technique to reduce a  heavy oil viscosity that was collected from the south- Iraq oil fields using organic solvents, organic diluents with different weight percentage  (5, 10 and  20 wt.% )  of  (n-heptane, toluene, and a mixture of  different ratio

In the current analysis, the effects of circumferential scratches along the inner surface of a 170ᵒ -arc partial journal bearing has been numerically investigated. Their impact on the thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic performance characteristics, including maximum pressure, temperature, deformation, and stress, has been examined thoroughly. The ANSYS Fluent CFD commercial code was employed to tackle the iterative solution of flow and heat transfer patterns in the fluid film domain. They are then applied to the ANSYS Static Structure solver to compute the deformation and stress resulted in the solid bearing zone. A wide range of operating conditions has been considered, including the eccentricity ratio ( ) and scratch depth (

In this work, ZnO nanostructures for powder ZnO were synthesized by Hydrothermal Method. Size and shape of ZnO nanostructureas can be controlled by change ammonia concentration. In the preparation of ZnO nanostructure, zinc nitrate hexahydrate [Zn(NO₃)₂·6H2O] was used as a precursor. The structure and morphology of ZnO nanostructure have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The synthesized ZnO nanostructures have a hexagonal wurtzite structure. Also using Zeta potential and Particle Size Analyzers and size distribution of the ZnO powder

Unconventional reservoirs are distributed over a broad area and only generate commercial quantities of hydrocarbon using specialized technology. Tight reservoirs are reservoirs with permeability less than 0.1md. One of the leading oil fields in Iraq is Halfaya field. The tight reservoir is Saadi. It is a carbonate reservoir with poor petrophysical characteristics, moderate pores, and limited pore throats, so production from these reservoirs require hydraulic fracturing. The hydraulic fracturing can be carried out using fracturing fluid. The selection of fracturing fluids should be selected as the first step in fracturing design. The objective of this research is to find out the effect of fracturing fluids on the shape of

In oil and gas well cementing, a strong cement sheath is wanted to insure long-term safety of the wells. Successful completion of cementing job has become more complex, as drilling is being done in highly deviated and high pressure-high temperature wells. Use of nano materials in enhanced oil recovery, drilling fluid, oil well cementing and other applications is being investigated. This study is an attempt to investigate the effect of nano materials on oil well cement properties. Two types of nano materials were investigated, which are Nano silica (>40 nm) and Nano Alumina (80 nm) and high sulfate-resistant glass G cement is used. The investigated properties of oil well cement included compressive strength, thickening

The current study aims to find a new plan to manage the water quality of the western part of the Hammar Marsh to reduce the salts that cause problems for the marshes and preserve their environmental life by isolating the southwestern part of the Hammar Marsh by closing the outlet under the railway embankment. The outlet is discharging saline water to the east-western part of Al Hammar Marsh. After isolating the southwestern part of the marsh, a new outlet is proposed. The impact of the flow hydrodynamics on improving the water quality was simulated using the SMS model. The hydrodynamics and water quality simulation models for the marsh are : a hydrodynamic model and average depth (SMS RMA2) and a two-dimensional water quality model (SMS

This paper introduce a new method for using a systolic array to perform the one, and two dimension discrete wavelet transform (1-D DWT, and 2-D DWT). The 1-D needs only a semi-systolic array for its realization. However, it was found that the 2- D method needs the combination of two types of semi-systolic array into one systolic array to achieve its implementation.  

the present investigation is concerned with thesevaluation of creep behavior of concrete under variable temperature and relative humidity. It includes analytical and experimental parts. In the analytical part, BP-KX creep model is presented. As this model  considers temperature and relative humidity to be constant, it was modified through considering them to be variable with time, which is the usual case. Functions for the daily variation of these two parameters, according to Baghdad climate, were developed and substituted in the model. In the experimental part, three series of cylindrical specimens (100mm x 200mm) were prepared for the creep test. In series (1), the temperature was raised and simultaneously the relative humidity wa

his work presents the simulation of a Parallel Concatenation Convolution Coding PCCC with Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) system over multipath fading channels with a comparison with the uncoded data and that uses Serial Concatenated Convolutional Coding SCCC. The decoding technique used in the simulation was iterative decoding since it gives maximum efficiency with six iteration. Modulation schemes that used are Phase Shift Keying (BPSK, QPSK and 16 PSK), along with the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). The channel models used are as specified in the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Technical Specification TS 25.101 v2.10 with a channel bandwidth of 5 MHz.It was noticed that there is an

Laminar natural convection heat transfer to air flow in a ducted two parallel plates subjected to same constant heat flux has been studied experimentally. In this study a test rig has been designed and constructed to allow studying the effect of plate spacing and plates angle of inclination on the heat transfer process. The study covers three plate spacing 15 mm, 35mm and 60 mm that makes plate aspect ratio (AR) 24, 10.285 and 6, The heat flux implemented in all test runs varies between 55 W/m2– 340 W/m2 that makes the modified Rayleigh number (Ra) varies from 105-108. Experimental results presented as plate temperature distribution, variation of local heat transfer coefficient and the relation between Nu and Ra, reveal for the range o

The undrained stability of cohesive slopes (0) subjected to surcharge loads is studied in this paper. Problems of this kind are involved in structures rapidly built near the crest of cohesive slopes and heavy equipment (e.g. draglines, buldozers and railways) move on slope. Using the non-linear finite element method, the effects of line loads and uniformly distributed loads are studied and the distribution of stresses under these loads is examined. The value of Per (critical line load) required equating the driving and resisting moments for a unit length of the slope was computed using the computer program. The process was repeated until a mininnum Per was obtained.

جاءت فكرة البحث من اهمية موضوع استهلاك الطاقة في المدن حيث تواجه مدن العالم بشكل عام والمدن العراقية بشكل خاص تحديات بيئية كبيرة من تصاعد نسبة الانبعاثات الكربونية مما يستوجب ايجاد الحلول اللازمة من خلال فهم عملية مدخلات ومخرجات المدينة المتمثلة بعملية الايض الحضري والغازات الدفيئة وانواع مصادر الطاقة وقياس بصمة الطاقة لمنطقة الدراسة وعلاقة استعمالات الارض في استهلاك الطاقة وتوصل البحث الى عرض النتائج ا

The present study aims to evaluate the biosorption of reactive orange dye by using garden grass. Experiments were carried out in a batch reactor to obtain equilibrium and thermodynamic data. Experimental parameters affecting the biosorption process such as pH, shaking time, initial dye concentrations, and temperature were thoroughly examined. The optimum pH for removal was found to be 4. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that the electronegative groups on the surface of garden grass were the major groups responsible for the biosorption process. Four sorption isotherm models were employed to analyze the experimental data of which Temkin and Pyzhey model was found to be most suitable one. The maxim

Energy efficiency is a significant aspect in designing robust routing protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A reliable routing protocol has to be energy efficient and adaptive to the network size. To achieve high energy conservation and data aggregation, there are two major techniques, clusters and chains. In clustering technique, sensor networks are often divided into non-overlapping subsets called clusters. In chain technique, sensor nodes will be connected with the closest two neighbors, starting with the farthest node from the base station till the closest node to the base station. Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages which motivate some researchers to come up with a hybrid routing algorit

The traditional technique of generating MPSK signals is basically to use IQ modulator that involves analog processing like multiplication and addition where inaccuracies may exist and would lead to imbalance problems that affects the output modulated signal and hence the overall performance of the system. In this paper, a simple method is presented for generating the MPSK using logic circuits that basically generated M-carrier signals each carrier of different equally spaced phase shift. Then these carriers are time multiplexed, according to the data symbols, into the output modulated signal.

One of the most important problems of Iraqi construction projects is the cost variances, so it is important to identify the problems and shortcomings that cause poor cost control. Through the utilization of questionnaires, the study evaluated how project costs were managed and reported. The questionnaire was distributed to 180 professionals working in the Iraqi construction sector, with a response rate of 91%. The results showed that a high percentage of projects are implemented with a difference between real and estimated costs, and the process of documenting cost data needs to be more secure. On the other hand, there is a weakness in providing the necessary work structure information to monitor costs and a lack of proc

The objective of this research is to present the numerical analysis of deep foundation system namely controlled modulus columns (CMC) for support of embankments. This paper describes the analysis modeling used for CMC foundation system using the finite element method. The elasto-plastic finite element model used to simulate the embankment soil foundation has been verified against field data. The results obtained from this study showed that the effect of CMC could be negligible when the soil strength increased in terms of its angle of internal friction. With low values of internal friction angle, the CMC reduce the potential of surface deformation about 12%. The values of surface deformation decreased with column diameter until it reach c

The utilization of recycled brick tile powder as a replacement for conventional filler in the asphalt concrete mix has been studied in this research. This research evaluates the effectiveness of recycled brick tile powder and determines its optimum replacement level. Using recycled brick tile powder is significant from an environmental standpoint as it is a waste product from construction activities. Sixteen asphalt concrete samples were produced, and eight were soaked for a day. Samples contained 5% Bitumen, 2% to 5% brick tile powder, and conventional stone dust filler. The properties of samples were evaluated using the Marshall test. It was observed that the resistance to stiffness and deformation of asphalt concrete

The present study focused mainly on the vibration analysis of composite laminated plates subjected to
thermal and mechanical loads or without any load (free vibration). Natural frequency and dynamic
response are analyzed by analytical, numerical and experimental analysis (by using impact hammer) for
different cases. The experimental investigation is to manufacture the laminates and to find mechanical
and thermal properties of glass-polyester such as longitudinal, transverse young modulus, shear modulus,
longitudinal and transverse thermal expansion and thermal conductivity. The vibration test carried to
find the three natural frequencies of plate. The design parameters of the laminates such as aspect ratio,
thickness

The effect of temperature ( 30,40,50,and 600C) on the polarization resistance (Rp) has been
analyzed for the corrosion of carbon steel in 1,3, and 5N HCl solution in absence & presence of
phenylthiourea(PHTU) as corrosion inhibitor.The polarization resistance was measured at above
mentioned conditions using BETACRUNCH program developed by Green and Gandi[Green,1982]. i.e; Values of applied current densities at potentials of +20,+10,-10 mv and then -20,+10,-10mV(SCE) from corrosion potentials were used to obtain corrosion parameters: iCorr ,ba bc followed by applying the equation: Rp = ( ba bc )/ 2.303 x iCorr.( ba + bc ).It is observed that: (i) for a certain acid concentration the polarization resistance decreased with incr

The basic idea of the Main Outfall Drain, MOD, was to construct a main channel to collect saline drained water of the irrigation projects within central and southern parts of Iraq and discharge it down to the Arabian Gulf. The MOD has a navigation lock structures near Addalmage Lake at station 299.4km. This structure is designed to ensure navigation within the MOD. The water level difference upstream the cross regulator and the downstream conjugation structure is about 9m. This head difference can be used to generate electrical power by constricting a low head power plant. This study aimed to utilize the head difference in navigation lock structures for power generation. Different operation condition an