تساهم مشاكل عدم استقرار الآبار في زيادة الوقت غير الإنتاجي، خاصة عند حفر الصخور الصخرية. في الماضي، كان الحفر يعاني من العديد من المشكلات، بما في ذلك فقدان الطين، والثقب الضيق، والأنابيب الملتصقة ميكانيكيًا، والتجويف، وانهيار الثقوب الكبيرة. الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو بناء نموذج الأرض الميكانيكية (MEM) لتقييم استقرار حفرة البئر. ومن خلال تطبيق MEM، ركزت الدراسة على تحديد مجموعة من الأوزان الطينية التي من شأنها ض

Urban landscape analysis is crucial for understanding the dynamics of urban transformation, especially in historic city centers. This study delves into the morphological evolution of Baghdad, focusing on its transformation from a historic nucleus to a vast metropolitan area. The primary objective is to identify mechanisms of transformation that bring about changes in the structure of the town center. Utilizing a combination of geographical-morphological methods, historical maps, and modern satellite imagery, the research identifies six distinct urban growth patterns—concentric, irregular strip, scattered, multi-nuclei, sectoral, and instant growth. The research methodology includes a detailed collection of historical m

The complexity and partially defined nature of jet grouting make it hard to predict the performance of grouted piles. So the trials of cement injection at a location with similar soil properties as the erecting site are necessary to assess the performance of the grouted piles. Nevertheless, instead of executing trial-injected piles at the pilot site, which wastes money, time, and effort, the laboratory cement injection devices are essential alternatives for evaluating soil injection ability. This study assesses the performance of a low-pressure laboratory grouting device by improving loose sandy soil injected using binders formed of Silica Fume (SF) as a chemical admixture (10% of Ordinary Portland Cement OPC mass) to di

يعتبر توقع معدل الاختراق  أمرا حاسما لعمليات حفر آبار النفط الآمنة والفعالة من حيث التكلفة. يمثل نموذج بورغوين ويانج  نهجا قائما على المعادلات واسع الاستخدام تم تطويره في عام 1974 لتوقع معدل الاختراق  في آبار النفط بناءً على الانحدار الخطي المتعدد.

الشبكة العصبية الاصطناعية (ANN) هي تقنية تعلم آلي تقوم بتحليل البيانات وتقديم التوقعات. وقد تم إجراء العديد من الدراسات حول استخدام نموذج BYM على مس

Modifying asphalt cement is an effective approach to enhance the performance of asphalt concrete. This study evaluates the physical properties of lignin-modified asphalt (LMA) at various lignin percentages. The initial step involved extracting lignin from the pinus wood sawdust using the soda process. Subsequently, the extracted Soda Lignin Powder (SLP) was characterized through Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (SEM/EDX) to examine the changes in the chemical structure of lignin after extraction by soda process. Following this, three asphalt blends containing varying amounts of SLP (2%, 4%, 6%) by weight of asphalt cement were produced

One of the challenges that developing countries is the necessity to properly manage the risks involved in road construction projects. For that, the present work developed a dissension method to specify effective risk factors in a wide range of approaches and protocols to achieve its objectives. The Influence of Risk Road Implementation on Performance Indicators The initial sets of outcomes were derived from computing the average risk estimate. Subsequently, the second results group was established by assessing the relative importance index (RII) effects. In the RII method and mean results the workers and machinery insurance is the most important. The identical data that had been collected from the weighted product model

يعد التنبؤ بالنفاذية أمرًا بالغ الأهمية في توصيف المكمن لبناء نماذج مكمن ثلاثية الأبعاد. المكمن الثلاثي لحقل عجيل النفطي عبارة عن مكمن كربونات معقد يتكون من تكوينات جيولوجية متعددة الطبقات وأنواع صخرية مختلفة. يمثل فهم سلوك تدفق السوائل في المكمن الثلاثي تحديات كبيرة. في هذا البحث يتم دمج أنواع الصخور عن طريق تقنيات التحليل العنقودي مع طريقة مؤشر منطقة التدفق (FZI) لتصنيف المكامن إلى وحدات تدفق هيدروليكي في

Firstly, in this study, a brief updated description and applications of different solar collectors used in renewable energy systems for supplying electric and thermal energy was presented. Secondly, an attempt was made to utilize tilting orientation of solar collector for maximizing collector energy with time in respect to horizontal orientation. For energy calculation, global solar radiation was used since they are directly related.  For that purpose, field measurements of half-hourly radiation on two flat panels of tilting and horizontal orientations were carried out throughout 8-month period under local climate of Baghdad. Then, energy gain and radiation level averages were calculated based on the field radiation

Concrete is globally considered the most utilized material in the world after water. Because of the increased demand for this critical material in the construction sector, researchers tend to enhance its properties by adding different additives, substituting with different pozzolanic materials (such as silica fume, glass powder, or any substance with pozzolanic activity), or changing curing methods to obtain concrete with better properties that could be employed in different applications. One of these methods is using magnetic water either by adding it to the concrete mix or by using it to cure concrete to produce concrete with improved mechanical properties. In this study, a group of articles related to the usage of mag

The tunnel’s stability during construction is a very important matter. Some methods have been proposed for stability evaluation, but the hazard warning levels (HWLs) are more applicable among these methods. Despite monitoring and applying HWLs, several collapses in Shibli twin tunnels in Iran have cast doubts on the accuracy of this criterion in the presence of water. In this study, the critical strains under different water contents were measured through uniaxial compressive strength tests on 11 different shale and marl samples. A comparison of laboratory tests and numerical results shows that the influence of the moisture content on the critical strain is negligible. In addition, the results show that there is no dir

As the temperature of combustion gases is higher than the melting temperature of the turbine materials, cooling of turbine parts in a gas turbine engine is necessary for safe operation. Cooling methods investigated in this computational study included cooling flow losses. Film-cooling is one typically used cooling method whereby coolant is supplied through holes passage, in present study the holes placed along the camber line of the blade. The subject of this paper is to evaluate the heat transfer that occur on the holes of blade through different
blowing coolant rates. The cases of this study were performed in a low speed wind tunnel with two tip gap at small and large (0.03 and 0.09cm) and multiple coolant flow rates through the fil

Ict contributes to the establishment of deeper approaches to how to sustain major projects. On this basis, this research presents the impact of ICT-specific factors on performance indicators of major projects by utilizing a combination of surveys, expert opinions, interviews, and exploratory research, with the help of previous studies in the field of construction projects. The primary investigation assessed the impact of implementing risk management techniques on performance indicators by utilizing a combination of surveys, expert opinions, interviews, and exploratory research, drawing upon previous studies in the field of construction projects. The initial findings were obtained by calculating the factors effect. The id

The purpose of this study is aimed to lay down an arranged platform suited to Iraqi constructional associations which in charge to carry out multi constructional projects, as it fulfilled management requirements and supervising, so that low - cost projects will be controlled in due term and quality. Based on primary info and observed data collected, the study thesis has been formulated in this way: Iraqi constructional sector bodies which are in charge to implement simultaneously multi constructional projects in need to reformulate its organized structure so that it will be more fitted to management and control of these projects. This thesis includes a
theoretical part contained presenting the most important resources locally and int

The problems of urban historic centers are considered some of the subjects which are widely dealt with in urban studies since the middle of the 20th century. literature of urban development have raised it , beside the fact that large number of urban development projects of the historical centers in many cities of the world ,and emerged from the application of these new problems projects added their original urban problems , because these projects have dealt with the physical structures with the neglect of the social and economic sides, which are the base in sustainable development nResearch problem was elaborated as : The unclearly of knowledge of the potentials of the sustainable development in solving the urban problems of historic cen

A new laboratory study conducted on stepped spillways in order to investigate their efficiency of dissipating flow energy. All previous study on stepped spillway indicated that the flow energy dissipation decreased as increasing in discharge. Increasing in the step numbers and the spillway slope led to energy dissipation decrease. In this study, an experimental attempt to increase energy dissipation at variable discharges was performed on stepped spillway and that leads to decreasing the cost of initiating the stilling basin or may be ignoring it. Five spillways were constructed from concrete and tested to investigate and compare among them. Three were roughed by gravel with different size for each one, one of them was s

Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) is a gap-graded asphalt concrete hot blend combining high-quality coarse aggregate with a rich asphalt cement content. This blend generates a stable paving combination with a powerful stone-on-stone skeleton that offers excellent durability and routing strength. The objectives of this work are: Studying the durability performance of stone matrix asphalt (SMA) mixture in terms of moisture damage and temperature susceptibility and Discovering the effect of stabilized additive (Fly Ash ) on the performance of stone matrix asphalt (SMA) mixture. In this investigation, the durability of stone matrix asphalt concrete was assessed in terms of temperature susceptibility, resistance to moisture damage, and sensitivity t

In this paper, an exact stiffness matrix and fixed-end load vector for nonprismatic beams having parabolic varying depth are derived. The principle of strain energy is used in the derivation of the stiffness matrix.
The effect of both shear deformation and the coupling between axial force and the bending moment are considered in the derivation of stiffness matrix. The fixed-end load vector for elements under uniformly distributed or concentrated loads is also derived. The correctness of the derived matrices is verified by numerical examples. It is found that the coupling effect between axial force and bending moment is significant for elements having axial end restraint. It was found that the decrease in bending moment was
in the

In this study, the induced splined shaft teeth contact and bending stresses have been investigated numerically using finite element method(Ansys package version 11.0) with changing the most effecting design parameter,(pressure angle, teeth number, fillet radius and normal module), for internal and external splined shaft. Experimental work has been achieved using two dimensional photoelastic techniques to get the contact and bending stresses; the used material is Bakelite sheet type “PSM-4”.
The results of numerical stress analysis indicate that, the increasing of the pressure angle and fillet radius decrease the bending stress and increase the contact stress for both internal and external spline shaft teeth while the increasing of

The main objective of this study is to understand the work of the pile caps made of lightweight aerated foam concrete and study the many factors affecting the ability and the capacity of the shear. The study was done by analyzing previous practical and theoretical experiences on the reinforced concrete pile caps. The previous practical results indicated that all specimens failed by shear diagonal compression or tension modes except one specimen that failed flexural-shear mode. Based on test specimens' practical results and behavior, some theoretical methods for estimating the ultimate strength of reinforced concrete pile caps have been recommended, some of which evolved into the design documents available on the subject.

Constructing a fine 3D geomodel for complex giant reservoir is a crucial task for hydrocarbon volume assessment and guiding for optimal development. The case under study is Mishrif reservoir of Halfaya oil field, which is an Iraqi giant carbonate reservoir. Mishrif mainly consists of limestone rocks which belong to Late Cenomanian age. The average gross thickness of formation is about 400m. In this paper, a high-resolution 3D geological model has been built using Petrel software that can be utilized as input for dynamic simulation. The model is constructed based on geological, geophysical, pertophysical and engineering data from about 60 available wells to characterize the structural, stratigraphic, and properties distri

This study's primary objective is to examine the structural behavior of using 2C-Cold produced. Section Castellated beams when subjected to monotonic load till failure. The experimental program testing. Seven Fabricated samples of castellated steel beams and one sample, which is a non-castellated steel beam (reference beam), were tested as supported beams under concentrated loads at two points over a clear span length (1730 mm). All castellated steel beams were similar in all properties and dimensions except the breadth of the upper and lower flanges. The current study considers the implications of modifying the width of the top and bottom flanges on how these beams behave. The findings showed that the ratio of the teste

Hygienic engineering has dedicated a lot of time and energy to studying water filtration because of how important it is to human health. Thorough familiarity with the filtration process is essential for the design engineer to keep up with and profit from advances in filtering technology and equipment as the properties of raw water continue to change. Because it removes sediment, chemicals, odors, and microbes, filtration is an integral part of the water purification process. The most popular technique for treating surface water for municipal water supply is considered fast sand filtration, which can be achieved using either gravity or pressure sand filters. Predicting the performance of units in water treatment plants is

Efficient cuttings transport and hole cleaning are very important factors for obtaining an effective drilling operation. In an inclined and horizontal drilling, hole cleaning issue is a common and complex problem.

   The scope of this research is to study the drilling parameters which affect hole cleaning in Iraqi directional wells through studying and analyzing some drilled wells ( vertical , directional (30 degree) , directional (60 degree) and horizontal ).An excel sheet is prepared to calculate carrying capacity index which represents an indicator for good hole cleaning in different sections. The study indicated through the field investigations, practical experiences and theoretical calculations tha

The aim of this research work is to study the effect of stabilizing gypseous soil, which covers
vast areas in the middle, west and south parts of Iraq, using liquid asphalt on its strength properties
to be used as a base course layer replacing the traditional materials of coarse aggregate and broken
stones which are scarce at economical prices and hauling distances.
Gypseous soil brought from Al-Ramadi City, west of Iraq, with gypsum content of 66.65%,
medium curing cutback asphalt (MC-30), and hydrated lime are used in this study.
The conducted tests on untreated and treated gypseous soil with different percentages of medium
curing cutback asphalt (MC-30), water, and lime were: unconfined compression strength, and o

Creep testing is an important part of the characterization of composite materials. It is crucial to determine long-term deflection levels and time-to-failure for these advanced materials. The work is carried out to investigate creep behavior on isotropic composite columns. Isotropy property was obtained by making a new type of composite made from a paste of particles of carbon fibers mixed with epoxy resin and E-glass particles mixed with epoxy resin. This type of manufacturing process can be called the compression mold composite or the squeeze mold composite. Experimental work was carried out with changing the fiber concentration (30, 40 and 50% mass fraction), cross section shape, and type of composite. The creep results showed that th

In this study, stabilization of expansive soils using waste materials namely; Cement Kiln Dust (CKD), and waste plastic bottles (WPB) was experimentally investigated. Using CKD and WPB are exponentially increasing day by day, due to their capability to solve both environmental and geotechnical problems successfully. Expansive soils were collected from locations with a wide range of plasticity index (PI) (15 - 27) and liquid limit (LL) (35% - 64%). Stabilizer percentages were varied from 0% to 20%, and curing durations for CKD cases were 7 and 28 days. Results showed the best percentages of CKD and WPB are 12% of each one respectively. LL, plastic limit (PL), and swelling percent (SP) loss were observed, which are 46%, 55%, and 96% respec

OpenStreetMap (OSM) represents the most common example of online volunteered mapping applications. Most of these platforms are open source spatial data collected by non-experts volunteers using different data collection methods. OSM project aims to provide a free digital map for all the world. The heterogeneity in data collection methods made OSM project databases accuracy is unreliable and must be dealt with caution for any engineering application. This study aims to assess the horizontal positional accuracy of three spatial data sources are OSM road network database, high-resolution Satellite Image (SI), and high-resolution Aerial Photo (AP) of Baghdad city with respect to an analogue formal road network dataset obtain

Roads irrespective of the type have specific standard horizontal distance measured at 90 degrees from a lot boundary to a development known as a setback. Non-observance of the recommended setbacks accommodated in any urban center’s master plan creates noise hazard to the public health and safety as the movement of vehicular traffic is not without the attendant noise. This study assessed noise intrusion level in shops along a section of Ibadan-Abeokuta road with due consideration to compliance with the recommended building structure setback. Analysis of noise descriptors evaluated in this study gave A-weighted equivalent sound pressure level average of 91.3 dBA, the daytime average sound level (L_D) 92.27 dBA,

Assessment the actual accuracy of laboratory devices prior to first use is very important to know the capabilities of such devices and employ them in multiple domains. As the manual of the device provides information and values in laboratory conditions for the accuracy of these devices, thus the actual evaluation process is necessary.

In this paper, the accuracy of laser scanner (stonex X-300) cameras were evaluated, so that those cameras attached to the device and lead supporting role in it. This is particularly because the device manual did not contain sufficient information about those cameras.

To know the accuracy when using these cameras in close range photogrammetry, laser scanning (stonex X-300) de

Water injection equipments such as pipelines, which are used in the second recovery of oil in the Al-Ahdeb wells, suffer from the corrosion in water during maintaining vacuum deoxygenated tower that used to decrease concentration of the dissolved oxygen gas in the water from 6.2-9.1 ppm to o.5 ppm. This study involved calculation the corrosion rates of the internal surfaces of the pipelines either during operation of the vacuum unit or when the tower out of operation.  Finally, find the solution by one of the following suggestions. In the first suggestion removal of the dissolved O₂ from water is achieved by increasing the dosage of the oxygen scavenger (sodium sulphite). The second suggestion involves re