The objective of the present paper is to examine the effect of Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) on marshall properties and indirect tensile strength of HMA through experimental investigation. A mixture with 0% RAP was used as a control mix to evaluate the properties of mixes with 5%, 10%, and 15% RAP. One type of RAP was brought from Bab Al-moadam’s road in Baghdad for this purpose. The experimental testing program included Marshall and Indirect Tensile Strength tests. The results indicated that the bulk density, flow and VFA increase with the increasing of the percentage of RAP, while increasing in RAP results decreases in VTM and VMA values. Furthermore, the stability is changed from 10.1 kN for the control mix to12, 13.6 and 11.7 kN

أبرزت حالات الاقتحام الأخيرة الحاجة إلى أنظمة الكشف عن اقتحام الشبكة في مقاومة هجمات الشبكة الأكثر تعقيدًا، مع نمو الاتصال بالإنترنت وحجم حركة المرور. كثيرا ما تستخدم أنظمة الكشف عن التسلل تقنيات مثل التعرف على الأنماط واستخراج البيانات لتحديد أنشطة الشبكة كالمعتاد أو الهجوم. نظام الكشف عن التسلل (IDS) هو تقنية نشطة للكشف عن التسلل تقوم تلقائيًا باكتشاف وتصنيف عمليات الاقتحام والاعتداء وانتهاكات السياسة ال

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This study aims at identifying the notion of Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) pertinent to the performance of three general hospitals constructed inside the Sulaimani City, tracing the relationship between the quality of the indoor environments and medical staff (doctors and nurses) satisfaction level. Using some indoor environment elements in the right way will positively influence the mood, stress level of the medical staff, and patient recovery as a result. The POE toolkits (AEDET and ASPECT) have been implemented on targeted wards at the selected hospitals. AEDET and ASPECT questionnaires were distributed among 152 medical staff to obtain their perspectives. In total, 112 valid questionnaires were received. The medica

A theoretical study for a three-dimensional natural convection heat transfer from an isothermal horizontal , vertical and inclined heated square flat plates (with and without circular hole) has been done in the present work. The study involved the numerical solution of the transient Navier-Stokes and energy equations by using finite deference method (F.D.M.). The complete Navier-Stokes
equation are transformed and expressed in terms of vorticity-vector potential. The Energy and Vorticity equations were solved by using an Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) method because they are transient equations of parabolic portion, and the Vector potential is solved by using an equations Successive Over-Relaxation (S.O.R) method because it i

Cathodic protection is a corrosion-prevention technique which uses the electrochemical properties of metals to insure that the structure to be protected becomes the cathode of an electrolytic cell.
Laboratory evaluation was conducted on zinc electrode as anode material that used for sacrificial anode cathodic protection (SACP)of carbon steel.
Rate of zinc consumption during cathodic protection of carbon steel pipeline carrying seawater (4 % w/v NaCl solution) were measured by the loss in weight technique. Variables studied were seawater temperature (0-45o C), flow rate (5-900 lit/h), pH (2-12) and duration time (1-4 h). It was found that the rate of zinc consumption increases with increasing seawater temperature, flow rate and dura

In the present work, the finite element method has been used to investigate the behavior of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to dynamic loads. Eight-node Serendipity degenerated elements have been employed. This element is based on isoperimetric principles with modifications, which relax excessive constraints. The modifications include reduced order integration to overcome the shear locking.A layered approach is adopted to discretize the concrete through the thickness. Both an elastic-perfectly plastic and strain hardening plasticity approaches have been employed to model the compressive behavior of the concrete. A tensile strength criterion is used to initiation of crack and a smeared fixed crack approach is used to model the behavio

Mandali Dam is one of the small dams in Iraq; it is located on Haran Wadi, Gangir, just 3km north-east Mandali City. Mandali dam consists of four main parts, the dam body, the intake structure, the spillway, and the bottom outlet. The dam body is zoned earth filled with a central core.  The main purposes of the dam are to maintain flow of Wadi Haran, supplying irrigation and drinking water to Mandali City, and recharging the groundwater. Over a period of seven years of operation, the dam lost its ability to store water due to accumulated sediments within its reservoir. The accumulated sediment is about 2.25million m³. The average annual rate of reduction during this period is about 0.321

Face Identification is an important research topic in the field of computer vision and pattern recognition and has become a very active research area in recent decades. Recently multiwavelet-based neural networks (multiwavenets) have been used for function approximation and recognition, but to our best knowledge it has not been used for face Identification. This paper presents a novel approach for the Identification of human faces using Back-Propagation Adaptive Multiwavenet. The proposed multiwavenet has a structure similar to a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network with three layers, but the activation function of hidden layer is replaced with multiscaling functions. In experiments performed on the ORL face database it achieved a

Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) are a type of sensor network that contains sensor nodes equipped with cameras, microphones; therefore the WMSNS are able to   produce multimedia data such as video and audio streams, still images, and scalar data from the surrounding environment. Most multimedia applications typically produce huge volumes of data, this leads to congestion. To address this challenge, This paper proposes Modify Spike Neural Network control for Traffic Load Parameter with Exponential Weight of Priority Based Rate Control algorithm (MSNTLP with EWBPRC). The Modify Spike Neural Network controller (MSNC) can calculate the appropriate traffi

This research demonstrates an efficient method for the synthesis and storage of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) using bulk polymerization of Pregabalin (PGB), which is carried out at room temperature. This method has the advantages of high sensitivity, low cost, increased stability, and longer lifetime of the polymers. The research used specific ratios between template, monomer, and cross-linking agents to ensure suitable adsorption capacity. Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) was used as an initiator for the functional monomer styrene and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) cross-linking to create the MIP of Pregabalin (PGB-MIP). The molecularly imprinted polymer was studied using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS) a

This study experimentally investigated Free-Fall Gravity Drainage (FFGD) under combination-drive conditions in a two-dimensional Hele-Shaw model representing a water-drive reservoir. An initially high gravity potential from the oil column enabled early oil drainage before aquifer support became dominant. Three water-drive strengths were tested, demonstrating that a stronger aquifer (1.15 psig) accelerated oil recovery to approximately 75% of the original oil in place (OOIP) within 60 minutes, resulting in a final recovery of 79.5%. However, this was accompanied by rapid water breakthrough after 2.5 minutes and high-water cuts exceeding 90%. In contrast, a weaker aquifer (0.725 psig) stabilized the oil–water contact

In this study presents a numerical investigation of natural convection heat transfer in an annular enclosure partially filled with metal foam. The inner cylinder is maintained at a constant temperature, while the outer cylinder is subjected to a uniform heat flux; both vertical sidewalls are thermally insulated. The fluid flow is modeled using the Navier–Stokes equations under the Boussinesq approximation, and the porous medium is described by the Brinkman–Forchheimer Darcy model, assuming local thermal equilibrium. Simulations are conducted using ANSYS FLUENT to examine the effects of pore density (10 PPI and 40 PPI), inclination angle (0°, 30°, 60°, 90°) and Rayleigh number (10⁴ ≤ Ra ≤ 10⁶) on thermal p

This study evaluates the performance of Self-Compacting Engineered Cementitious Composites (SCC-ECC) under standard 28-day water curing, aiming to develop a mixture with optimal flowability, high mechanical strength, and enhanced durability. Twenty-seven SCC-ECC mortar mixtures (without coarse aggregate) were prepared and tested according to EFNARC (2002) guidelines for self-compacting mortars. Fresh results (slump flow 240–260 mm, V-funnel 6–12 s, L-box >0.80) confirmed adequate flowability. In addition, direct tensile tests on dog-bone specimens demonstrated strain-hardening with multiple fine cracks and strain capacity exceeding 2%, verifying the ECC behavior. The mixtures were prepared with varying fly ash con

The relationship between cinema and architecture has witnessed an increasing presence in contemporary studies, as both converge at a common point: shaping human experience within a specific temporal and spatial space. Cinema uses the principles of rhythm, sound, and memory to shape visual and auditory narratives, while architecture seeks to embody these principles in tangible spaces that organize human movement and influence sensory and emotional perception. This relationship demonstrates that cinematic expression tools can enrich architectural experience. However, the challenge lies in the limited theoretical frameworks that explain how to translate these principles into design strategies, particularly in cultural archi

The process of drilling wells has become more complex today due to greater depths and advanced drilling techniques. Therefore, obtaining ideal specifications for drilling fluids has become of great importance to overcome drilling problems and reduce costs. Therefore, studies have begun to investigate the effect of nanomaterials on drilling fluids. This study is an investigation into the effect of nano-iron oxide on drilling fluid specifications. Saturated salt mud was used, and different physical properties such as viscosity, density, and filtrate loss were measured at different temperatures (30 ˚C, 50 ˚C, and 70 ˚C), and adding different proportions of nano iron oxide (0.75 and 1.5 gm). This study is characterized by

One way to synthesis texture in a fast and easy way is image quilting proposed by Efros and Freeman in
2001. This research brings the adaptive search power of genetic algorithm and combines it with the
concept of image quilting to propose new texture synthesis algorithm. The proposed GA is ran on many
different images from standard texture sets. Visual comparison of our proposed GA with image quilting
algorithm is considered. The texture results generated by the proposed GA are roughly comparable in
quality to those generated from Efros and Freeman algorithm.

Storage of rainwater within the root depth zone is one of the modern ways to increase plant production. Subsurface water retention technology was applied to assess improving values of crop yield and crop water use efficiency, applying a membrane made of low-density polyethylene trough installed below the crop root zone. The goal of this paper is to assess that the retention of rainwater above the membrane can improve the crop yield and crop water use efficiency values for winter wheat. The experiment was conducted in open field, within Joeybeh Township, located in east of the Ramadi City, in Anbar Province, in winter growing season 2018-2019. Two plots T1 (with membrane trough) and T2 (without membrane) were used for the

The present study deals with the experimental investigation of buried concrete pipes. Concrete pipes are buried in loose and dense conditions of gravelly sand soil and subjected to different surface loadings to study the effects of the backfill compaction on the pipe. The experimental investigation was accomplished using full-scale precast unreinforced concrete pipes with 300 mm internal diameter tested in a laboratory soil box test facility set up for this study. Two loading platforms are used namely, uniform loading platform and patch loading platform. The wheel load was simulated through patch loading platform which have dimensions of 254 mm *508 mm, which is used by AASHTO to model the wheel load of a HS20 truck. The pipe-soil system

Constructing a geologically realistic reservoir model and accurately evaluating petrophysical properties are critical components for effective reservoir management. Such efforts enable reliable assessment of hydrocarbon potential and support predictive development scenarios through numerical simulations. This study aims to characterize the Yamama carbonate reservoir in the Ratawi Field, southern Iraq, and to build a static geological model as a foundation for future dynamic simulation. Comprehensive well data, including wireline logs, core analysis, and geological reports, were integrated to interpret petrophysical parameters such as shale volume, effective porosity, and water saturation. Additionally, facies classificat

The study examines temporal variation in water levels by calculating the surface area of the Al-Hammar Marsh in southern Iraq over 11 years (2013–2023), because of the consistent Landsat-8 and Landsat-9 data. Because it represents years of remarkable hydrological diversity in Iraq, it provides a trusted assessment for the surface changes of Al-Hammar marsh by using geographic information systems and remote sensing. The change in the surface was determined by utilizing supervised classification (maximum likelihood) to classify the region. Water and vegetation were the two land cover classes that we determined using ArcMap software. Then the thematic maps were created by the same software. The resulting signalize that th

This study presents a comprehensive methodology to improve monorail route selection in Kirkuk city, Iraq using a quantitative GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis. The primary aim of this study is to develop and apply a quantitative, GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis framework for optimizing and objectively selecting the most suitable monorail route in Kirkuk city, Iraq, by integrating spatial, topographic, accessibility, service coverage, and economic factors in order to support sustainable and cost-effective urban transport planning in a post-conflict context. The research area covers 460.89 km², including an extensive road network of 5,533.27 km and 3,193 points of interest (POI). Four different monora

Thermal management has become a major issue in the latest high performance computing machines because high CPU temperatures result in inefficient performance and decreased hardware life span. In this work, the cooling performance of a finned metal foam heat sink (FMFHS) was examined. The pore density values of tested copper metal foam (CMF) samples with different values of PPI 5, 10 and 20, with a constant porosity of 90%. For reference, these samples were measured by a conventional Aluminum plate-fin heat sink (CHS). The work was performed under experimental conditions in which air directed over the heat sink surface at air velocities (2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 m/s). The environmental temperature was fixed at 27 °

This paper represents an experimentalattempt to predict the influence of CO2-MAG welding variables on the shape factors of the weld joint geometry. Theinput variables were welding arc voltage, wire feeding speed and gas flow rate to investigate their effects on the shape factorsof the weld joint geometry in terms of weld joint dimensions (bead width, reinforcement height, and penetration). Design of experiment with response surface methodology technique was employed to buildmathematical models for shape factors in terms of the input welding variables. Thepredicted models were found quadratic type and statistically checked by ANOVA analysis for adequacy purpose. Also, numerical and graphical optimizations were carried out

Visualization of water flow around different bluff bodies at different Reynolds number ranging (1505 - 2492) was realized by designing and building a test rig which contains an open channel capable to ensure water velocity range (4-8cm/s) in this channel. Hydrogen bubbles generated from the ionized water using DC power supply are visualized by a light source and photographed by a digital camera. Flow pattern around a circular disk of (3.6cm) diameter and (3mm) thickness, a sphere of (3.8cm) diameter and a cylinder of
(3.2cm) diameter and (10cm) length are studied qualitatively. Parameters of the vortex ring generated in the wake region of the disk and the separation angle of water stream lines from the surface of the sphere are plott

إن انبعاثات الكاربون المصاحبة للبناء والكلفة الباهظة لمواد البناء الخام إضافة الى مخاطر ندرتها في المستقبل جميعها تهدد الاستدامة وتلحق الضرر بالبيئة. عليه، تسعى العديد من الدول برسم استراتيجيات حديثة للبيئة الخضراء من خلال اعتماد مواد معاد تدويرها وصديقة للبيئة في البناء بما في ذلك مخلفات الخشب أو نشارة الخشب. يقدم البحث الحالي مراجعة لأهم الدراسات المتميزة والطرق الواعدة المتعلقة بتوظيف نشارة الخشب في

A robust video-bitrate adaptive scheme at client-aspect plays a significant role in keeping a good quality of video streaming technology experience. Video quality affects the amount of time the video has turned off playing due to the unfilled buffer state. Therefore to maintain a video streaming continuously with smooth bandwidth fluctuation, a video buffer structure based on adapting the video bitrate is considered in this work. Initially, the video buffer structure is formulated as an optimal control-theoretic problem that combines both video bitrate and video buffer feedback signals. While protecting the video buffer occupancy from exceeding the limited operating level can provide continuous video str

A multi-cells in serial model was developed to simulate the distribution of pollutants (which
are BOD5 and TDS) in Tigris river between Al-A'imma bridge and Al-Jumhuria bridge ,a reach
which is about (9 km) length within Baghdad city; this includes four sewage pumping stations
untreated discharged to the river.
This region was divided into eleven cells of different volumes. The model was operated
using the field data, which were obtained from the results of laboratory test of samples which were
collected from twelve stations in the river and four sewage pumping stations located within the
study region twice a month from 15/11/2005 to 30/4/2006. Verification of the simulation model was
accomplished by its applicati

ان أحد فوائد الخرسانة المسلحة بألياف البولي بروبلين هي مقاومتها الأحمال الصدم والأنفجار، ويقدم هذا البحث تجارب مختبرية إضافية حول مقاومة وسلوكية الألواح الخرسانية المسلحة بألياف البولي بروبلين تحت تأثير أحمال الصدم والأنفجار. أن الأبحاث المنشورة حول هذا الموضوع قليلة ومعظمها يصعب الحصول عليها لكونها ذات طابع سري.

كما يتضمن البحث إجراء فحوص مختبرية على نماذج من الخرسانة المسلحة بألياف البولي بروبلين

Leaching scheduling techniques are one of the suggested solutions for water scarcity problems .The aim of the study is to show the possibility of using leaching scheduling, when applying the irrigation scheduling program for a certain irrigation project, which was prepare by Water Resources Engineering –University of Baghdad with some modifications to generalized it and it make applicable to various climatic zone and different soil types.
The objectives of this research is to build a system that concerns the prediction of the leaching scheduling (depth and date of leaching water), illustrating the main problems (soil salinity, save the amount of leaching requirement, and to maintain crops growth).The other objective is to compare be