Experimental and numerical investigation has been under taken to study turbulent flow of air through duct using restriction in different shapes and positions for Reynolds numbers ranges of (8.2x104 → 5.6x104).The numerical approach used in this work is the finite volume method for solution of elliptic partial differential equation for the modeling of turbulent (k-) model as well as wall function concept near the wall which was used to take the turbulent effects into consideration have been employed.The experimental te

Al-Huweizah Marsh is considered as the largest in Iraq. This research aims to maintain thesustainability of Al-Huweizah Marsh under all circumstances and within the limits of the
available natural resources from the Iraqi side and the absence of feeding from the Iranian sidedue to the recent Iranian separation dike along the international boundaries within the marsh.
Twelve scenarios have been suggested as a first step to restore the whole marsh. But the
uncontrolled Iranian feeders and exiguity of their discharges recently, it was necessary to studyonly the northern part of the marsh as an alternative case to ensure reasonable amounts of waterfor the purpose of maintaining and restore the marsh. Hydrological routing model was

The present work includes design, construction and operates of a prototype solar absorption refrigeration system, using methanol as a refrigerant to avoid any refrigerant that cause global warming and greenhouse effect. Flat plate collector was used because it’s easy, ninexpensive and efficient. Many test runs (more than 50) were carried out on the system from May to October, 2013; the main results were taken between the period of July 15, 2013 to August 15, 2013 to find the maximum C.O.P, cooling, temperature and pressure of the system. The system demonstrates a maximum generator temperature of 93.5 oC, on July 18, 2013 at 2:30 pm, and the average mean generator temperature Tgavr was 74.7 °C, for this period. The maximum pressure Pg

In a typical reservoir a sediment layer of considerable depth may be deposited on the top of exposed bedrock foundation. In this research an analytical solution was proposed to solve the case of the vertical acceleration with infinite reservoir with existence of such sediment layer. The results indicate that as the depth of sediment increases, the pressure increases also. The behavior is found to be affected by the change of the degree of saturation of the sediment layer. As this degree of sediment decreases the developed Hydrodynamic pressure increase. A comparison between the case of stiff and soft foundation indicates that the pressure values are always greater for the stiff foundation.

A Vierendeel truss is a hyper static frame composed of a series of rectangular or trapezoidal
panels with out diagonal members. The end conections of all members are rigid and designed to take moment. In this work, the use of fiber reinforced concrete in construction of Vierendeel trusses with nonlinear material behavior is researched. The addition of randomly dispersed discrete steel fibers to concrete improves many engineering properties of the material such as fracture toughness,
fatigue resistance, impact resistance and flexural strength. Several parameters that affected the behavior of the structure like fiber volume fraction, aspect ratio, and the position of the portion in structure that used fibrous concrete are studied.

This paper investigates the performance evaluation of two state feedback controllers, Pole Placement (PP) and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR). The two controllers are designed for a Mass-Spring-Damper (MSD) system found in numerous applications to stabilize the MSD system performance and minimize the position tracking error of the system output. The state space model of the MSD system is first developed. Then, two meta-heuristic optimizations, Simulated Annealing (SA) optimization and Ant Colony (AC) optimization are utilized to optimize feedback gains matrix K of the PP and the weighting matrices Q and R of the LQR to make the MSD system reach stabilization and reduce the oscillation of the response. The Matlab softwar

In this work, ZnO nanostructures for powder ZnO were synthesized by Hydrothermal Method. Size and shape of ZnO nanostructureas can be controlled by change ammonia concentration. In the preparation of ZnO nanostructure, zinc nitrate hexahydrate [Zn(NO₃)₂·6H2O] was used as a precursor. The structure and morphology of ZnO nanostructure have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The synthesized ZnO nanostructures have a hexagonal wurtzite structure. Also using Zeta potential and Particle Size Analyzers and size distribution of the ZnO powder

Traffic congestion become a serious problem that traffic engineers still face. This research explains the sustainable indicators and congestion index for urban streets and their implementation to evaluate the performance measures proceeding toward sustainable roads. Congestion measures in terms of speed reduction and sustainable indicators; mobility (congestion index, travel time, and delay), costs (vehicle operating cost), socio-economic effect (in terms of an estimated factor called User Satisfaction Index (USI), and air pollution (Fuel emissions) are estimated. Link 3 has the highest delay value of approximately (2 minutes) for the evening peak period in the north-south direction due to a large number of vehicles dens

Universities are among spaces where it's important to ensure thermal comfort in indoor spaces, improving the occupants' well-being and productivity. The problem of the research was to study appropriate glazing systems for the spaces of the University of Baghdad because glazing systems are one of the most important elements of the indoor environments, and it has a major impact on the thermal performance of buildings. Glass is one of the most seasoned materials that are most utilized in the design. Since it is a diaphanous material, it allows sunlight to enter the building, increasing the space's temperature, cooling loads, and energy consumption in summer. The research followed the experimental method by studying and

This work deals with the effect of adding aluminum nanoparticles on the mechanical properties, micro-hardness and porosity of memory-shape alloys (Cu-Al-Ni). These alloys have wide applications in various industrial fields such as (high damping compounds and self-lubricating applications). The samples are manufactured using the powder metallurgy method, which involved pressing in only one direction and sintered in a furnace surrounded by an inert gas. Four percentages (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) of aluminum nanoparticles were fabricated, which depended on the weight of aluminum powder (13%) in the sample under study. To find out which phase is responsible for the reliability of the formation of this type of alloy and its porosity, X-ray diffr

Due to their great structural efficiency and efficient utilization of materials, steel-reinforced hollow-core concrete columns are often employed in utility poles, ground piles, and piers for bridges. Based on research, these columns' performance is impacted by many design parameters. However, corrosion can be a problem in steel-reinforced concrete structures. This paper examines the differences between using steel and GFRP longitudinal bars in hollow-section square concrete columns and explores the potential benefits of using GFRP bars as an option that is economically viable and non-corrosive. According to the study results, the computational results clearly show how an increased longitudinal GFRP reinforcement ratio improves the colum

The aim of this research is to develop mechanical properties of a new aluminium-lithium-copper alloy. This alloy prepared under control atmosphere by casting in a permanent metal mould. The microstructure was examined and mechanical properties were tested before and after heat treatment to study the influence of heat treatment on its mechanical properties including; modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, impact, and fatigue. The results showed that the modulus of elasticity of the prepared alloy is higher than standard alloy about 2%. While the alloy that heat treated for 6 h and cooled in water, then showed a higher ultimate tensile stress comparing with as-cast alloy. The homogenous heat treatment gives best fatigue

This study was chosen because of the entry of our regions into the seismic zone recently, where Diyala governorate was hit by the Halabja earthquake in 2017 by 7.3Mw. Therefore, the impact of earthquakes will be studied on the AL-Mafraq bridge foundations piles located in Iraq- east of Baghdad in Diyala Governorate and the extent of its resistance to the Halabjah, EL-Centro, and Kobe earthquakes with acceleration 0.1g, 0.34g, and 0.58g respectively. After modeling and performing the analysis by using Midas Gts-Nx software, the settlement (mm) results at nine nodes (four nodes for the pile cap and five nodes for the piles) were obtained for each of Halabjah, EL-Centro, and Kobe earthquakes to know the resistance of the br

Biaxial hollow slab is a reinforced concrete slab system with a grid of internal spherical voids included to reduce the self-weight. This paper presents an experimental study of behavior of one-way prestressed concrete bubbled slabs. Twelve full-scale one-way concrete slabs of (3000mm) length with rectangular cross-sectional area of (460mm) width and (150mm) depth. Different parameters like type of specimen (solid or bubbled slabs), type of reinforcement (normal or prestress), range of PPR and diameter of plastic spheres (100 or 120mm) are considered. Due to the using of prestressing force in bubbled slabs (with ratio of plastic sphere diameter D to slab thickness H, D/H=0.67), the specimens showed an increase in ultimat

This study involves the design of 24 mixtures of fiber reinforced magnetic reactive powder concrete containing nano Silica. Tap water has been used in mixing 12 of these mixtures, while the other 12 have been mixed using magnetic water. Nano Silica (NS) with ratios (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3) % were used. The results showed that the mixture containing 2.5%NS gives the highest compressive strength at age 7 days. Many different other tests were carried out, the results showed that the fiber reinforced magnetic reactive powder concrete containing 2.5% NS (FRMRPCCNS)  has the higher bulk density, dynamic modulus of elasticity, ultrasonic pulse velocity  electrical resistivity and lesser absorption than fiber reinforced

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The stresses and deflections in robot arm was analyzed using ANSYS software package. Industrial robot analyzed in this work consists of three arms that have 2-DOF. The analysis of each
arm had been made separately. The maximum stress and deflection have been analyzed for a static applied at one end of the arm while has the other end fixed. Links of various cross-sections having same masses, length, and material properties to make a choice of the shape that gives a high stiffness to weight ratio have been examined. After specifying the best section for the arms of the robot an optimization process began to determine the dimensions of the arms sections which give the least deformation this had been done by the aid of a program build u

The coupled treatment (conjugate numerical methodology) allows the simultaneous solution of the external flow (steady, two dimensional, compressible and turbulent flow) and conduction within the metal (steady, two dimensional) of gas turbine nozzle guide vane (with and without internal convection cooling). Validation of the developed conjugate capability is investigated in the present work.
The numerical results were compared with experimental results for steady, two dimensional, compressible and turbulent flow through the gas turbine nozzle cooling guide vane type (NASA-C3X), and the results were found to be in good agreement with experiments by )Hylton 1983).
The study shows that the (conjugate numerical methodology) gives good a

An experimental and theoretical investigation of the effect of flow separation on the performance
of a cascade NACA 65_(12)10 axial compressor blade has been carried out. The experimental work
includes the fabrication of three blades from wood, each having a chord (100mm) but one of these blades having a span of (90mm) for smoke tunnel testing and the other two blades having a span of (380mm) for wind tunnel testing.The two blades were connected by suitable mechanism in order to be fixed in the wind tunnel protractor and rotated in the required stagger angle. The cascade was tested in an open type low-speed subsonic (Mach number=0.117) wind tunnel, for Reynolds number (Re=239605) based on maximum velocity (35 m/s) and airfoil c

Heat input due to the welding of mild steel pipe causes a temperature gradient in the parent metal. After welding and temperature cooling down, residual stresses appear around welding zone which reduces the weld strength. Residual stresses are a result of the temperature gradient and the dependency of material properties on the temperature, such as yield strength, elasticity modulus, and thermal expansion coefficient.
In this study, a typical flat joint of a single pass weld in a thin pipe was studied analytically and numerically. Analytical approach is performed by exploring a simple method to calculate the magnitude of residual stress in terms of the weld shrinkage behavior. Numerical analysis is performed by applying non-linear tra

Thermohydraulic computer codes such as COBRA3C are now becoming in practical use as part of power plant licensing process. One of the areas of interest to reactor designer is the effect due to longterm operations and the changes that might occur either due to irradiation (burnup) effects or thermal stresses in the reactor. The present study is an attempt to predict coolant channel temperature profiles at the core End Of Life. In addition deeper insight is given to the individual single partial contribution to the changes in Begin Of Life and End Of Life profiles. The effects due to fuel swelling, rod bowing, and changes in physical properties are studied in details using COBRA3C code. The codes COBRA3C and the kinetic code AIREKMOD toget

Finding an alternative to materials that pollute during manufacturing, most notably cement, is vital to executing the idea of sustainability in the building sector. It was vital to develop concrete that assists in the reduction of CO₂ (Carbon dioxide) in the atmosphere because industrial wastes contain calcium, silica, and aluminous minerals, such as silica fume, that are employed in the production of high-strength concrete and have parameters that are identical to those of regular concrete. As a substitute for Portland cement, lime cement was utilized, and 15% of the cement's weight was substituted with silica fume. Environmentally friendly fibers (Copper Fiber) created from old electrical and electronic equi

Premature failure in asphalt concrete pavement has been the main concern for pavement construction companies and engineers in recent years because of the large rise in traffic volume and loads and the temperature extremes in the summer and winter. The use of modifiers in asphalt concrete mixtures has attracted much attention to increase the performance and lifespan of pavements. As nanotechnology developed, several researchers concentrated on how these materials can help increase pavement serviceability by minimizing rutting and moisture damage. This study evaluates the Hydrated Lime (HL) effect by two methods (wet and dry hydrated lime) on the durability of the warm mix asphalt. The first method, HL, has been supplemented to the asphalt

The most significant challenges wireless broadcasting systems face are channel effects and Inter Symbol Interference (ISI). Many different kinds of channel coding are employed to get around these issues. Digital Video Broadcasting for Satellite Telecommunication Second Generation (DVB-S2) uses a serial concatenation of Bose, Ray-Chaudhuri, and Hocquenghem (BCH) code and Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) code as a Forward Error Correction (FEC) for error detection purpose and correction. In this work, a MATLAB code (m-files) is constructed to simulate the standard DVB-S2 Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM) system according to the ETSI Technical Report (EN 302 307 1). Then, the traditional design is redesigned with a Par

This review provides a detailed look at the current knowledge and approaches related to Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction (DSSI) in machine foundation design, focusing on its substantial impact on seismic response and structural stability. The significance of this interaction in structural design, especially in areas prone to seismic activity, is pivotal. The paper begins by exploring various modeling methods, like the Finite Element Method (FEM), highlighting their importance in understanding the intricate aspects of DSSI, such as energy loss and interface behavior. It is evident from the studies that FEM is particularly effective in analyzing settlement under reciprocating loads. Soil-structure interaction (SSI) is a

Orthophoto provides a significant alternative capability for the presentation of architectural or archaeological applications. Although orthophoto production from airphotography of high or lower altitudes is considered to be typical, the close range applications for the large-scale survey of statue or art masterpiece or any kind of monuments still contain a lot of interesting issues to be investigated.

In this paper a test was carried out for the production of large scale orthophoto of highly curved surface, using a statue constructed of some kind of stones. In this test we use stereo photographs to produce the orthophoto in stead of single photo and DTM, by applying the DLT mathematical relationship as base formula in differenti

Several techniques are used to improve the channels' heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number. One of the methods used for these improvements is porous media (PM). This research deals with an experimental study of heat transfer by forced convection inside a square-shaped channel (0.12 x 0.12 m²) with a length of (0.5 m) and a hydraulic diameter of (0.12 m). The heat flux (4791.7 W/m²) is exposed below the test section, and other walls are thermally insulated. The air was used as the working fluid for the Reynolds number range (2689.6 to 5806.3). The channel was partially filled with the PM (glass spheres with 5mm diameter) by taking three different heights layers (20, 40, and 60 mm) and knowing

Person recognition systems have been applied for several years, as fingerprint recognition has been experimented with different image resolutions for 15 years. Fingerprint recognition and biometrics for security are becoming commonplace. Biometric systems are emerging and evolving topics seen as fertile ground for researchers to investigate more deeply and discover new approaches. Among the most prominent of these systems is the palm printing system, which identifies individuals based on the palm of their hands because of the advantages that the palm possesses that cannot be replicated among humans, as in its theory of other fingerprints. This paper proposes a biometric system to identify people by handprint, especially

Incorporating the LiDAR sensor in the most recent Apple devices represents a substantial development in 3D mapping technology. Meanwhile, Apple's Lidar is still a new sensor. Therefore, this article reviews the potential uses of the Apple Lidar sensor in various fields, including engineering and construction, focusing on indoor and outdoor as-built 3D mapping and cultural heritage conservation. The affordable cost and shorter observation times compared to traditional surveying and other remote sensing techniques make the Apple Lidar an attractive choice among scholars and professionals. This article highlights the need for continued research on the Apple LiDAR sensor technology while discussing its specifications and lim