f-he airn of'this research is to study the breakthrough time for cation exchangers by using a pilot plant of iotr exchange and passing water with different concentrations of

This paper presents a complete design and implementation of a monitoring system for the operation of the three-phase induction motors. This system is built using a personal computer and  two types of sensors (current, vibration) to detect some of the mechanical faults that may occur in the motor. The study and examination of several types of faults including (ball bearing and shaft misalignment faults) have been done through the extraction of fault data by using fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique. Results showed that the motor current signature analysis (MCSA) technique, and measurement of vibration technique have high possibility in the detection and diagnosis of most mechanical faults with high accuracy. Subsequently, diagnosi

The present work reports on the performance of three types of nanofiltration membranes in the removal of highly polluting and toxic lead (Pb²⁺) and cadmium (Cd²⁺) from single and binary salt aqueous solutions simulating real wastewaters. The effect of the operating variables (pH (5.5-6.5), types of NF membrane and initial ions concentration (10-250 ppm)) on the separation process and water flux was investigated. It was observed that the rejection efficiency increased with increasing pH of solution and decreasing the initial metal ions concentrations. While the flux decreased with increasing pH of solution and increasing initial metal ions concentrations. The maximum rejection of lead and cadmium ion

Increasing the aerodynamic efficiency and enhancing the supermaneuverability for the selected supersonic aircraft (F-16A) is presented. Aerodynamic characteristics, surface pressure distribution and maximum lift are are estimated for the baseline configuration for different Mach number and angles of attack in subsonic and supersonic potential flow, using a low order three- dimensional panel method supported with semi-empirical formulas of Datcom.

Estimation of the total nose-up and nose-down pitching moments about the center of gravity of the completed aircraft in subsonic region depending on the flight conditions and aircraft performance limitations. A modern program was implemented by suggesting a two dimensional thrust vectori

This paper is concerned with the investigation of the optimum period of time between maintenance by the aid of Monte Carlo simulation technique of an old water tube boiler, double identical drums; its capacity is 70 ton/ hour of super heated steam. There are a multitude of failures that are caused by boiler operator's errors, boiler inspector, boiler maintainer and faults of boiler auxiliary equipments which lead to operation parameter deviations and boiler shut down. Changing maintenance plan to be based on optimum period of time between scheduled maintenance and inspection will achieve maximum boiler availability.

his work presents the simulation of a Parallel Concatenation Convolution Coding PCCC with Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) system over multipath fading channels with a comparison with the uncoded data and that uses Serial Concatenated Convolutional Coding SCCC. The decoding technique used in the simulation was iterative decoding since it gives maximum efficiency with six iteration. Modulation schemes that used are Phase Shift Keying (BPSK, QPSK and 16 PSK), along with the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). The channel models used are as specified in the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Technical Specification TS 25.101 v2.10 with a channel bandwidth of 5 MHz.It was noticed that there is an

Considerable concentrations of vehicular emissions at signalized intersections and streets, in urban area are health-related issues of concern to society in general. This paper presents an examination for the effect of vehicle driver behaviour on vehicular excess CO emissions. The examination process based on site observations. in Erbil City which, satisfy the objectives and specifications of this Four signalized intersections study selected, and the necessary traffic behaviour and vehicle exhaust emission data collected. The traffic data were collected using video recording technique and the Analytical Mobile Gaseous Emissions CART P8334 machine used to measure vehicle exhaust emission data. The required traffic data abstracted from vid

This work is concerned with introducing new methods and techniques for the projects management in construction industry. This research suggest that the Iraqi engineering staff, who work in construction sector, have a poor knowledge about the subject of Decision Support System (D.S.S.) in spite of that this subject have a wide uses in construction companies in the world. So the researcher presents this study to introduce and to increase the knowledge about the concept of Decision Support System. This research consist of the questionnaire process for construction companies, then the research use the questionnaire results in building a proposed Decision Support System, also the questionnaire process indicate the relation between the decisio

This paper describes a stego system in which a gray scale image is embedded in another one.Wavelet transform of both the cover image and the embedded image is used to sort their subbands energies to guarantee that the embedded image will be inserted in the low frequency components of the cover image with little perceptual distortion. Embedding by this way increases the robustness of the system but affects the syster 1 imperceptibility, so a variable scaling factor (a) is used to attenuate the components of the embedded image before adding them to those of the cover image. It is found that the stego image with peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of about 30 dB has goo 1 imperceptibility.The attacker is proposed to be act

The behaviour of batter piles under inclined compressive loads is of considerable importance,yet, not enough information is available in literature on the subject. The tests canied out in this paper were performed on a single inclined pile under various load inclinations in sand. The results indicate that the highest ultimate compressive load for vertical pile occurs at (30) load inclination. At small load inclinations, a positive batter pile has greater ultimate compressive load than that of a negative batter pile. The trend changes at higher Ioad inclinations. The slip surface analysis is recognised to be too complicated to have a definite
solution.

The superhcater zone of the boiler is the convective heat transfer region of the boiler, that is the heat in this region mostly transferred by the convection between the flew gases outside and steam inside tubes. The factors that effected the heat transfer rate and heat transfer coefficient in the Mosiab power station boiler (980000kgihr capacity under pressure of 175bar) at its superlieater is studied here. The super heater is divided into two parts, primary and secondary super heater. Each part is
divided into many zones depending on the pipe size and material. The effect of boiler load mass flow rate of steam on the heat transfer rate, heat transfer coefficient, steam temperature is studied. It is concluded that as the load on the

This research deals with the stress analysis of typical underground tunnels using isoparametric finite elements. Enhanced soflware is used for predicting and analyzing this behavior by using a single phase formulation. This software was developed from an original Computer code namea MXOYN The finite element method is used to solve the dynamic equiiibrium equation with step-by-step tirre
integration schemes. A selected type of dynamic load was chosen which is blast loading. Frictional and paniculate materials, i.e., concrete and soil, are considered. The soil and concrele structures arc analyzed where a dynamic elastic model for concrete and a linear elastic one for soil are used. The soil is further analyzed by a bounding surface

The major of DDoS attacks use TCP protocol and the TCP SYN flooding attack is the most common one among them. The SYN Cookie mechanism is used to defend against the TCP SYN flooding attack. It is an effective defense, but it has a disadvantage of high calculations and it doesn’t differentiate spoofed packets from legitimate packets. Therefore, filtering the spoofed packet can effectively enhance the SYN Cookie activity. Hop Count Filtering (HCF) is another mechanism used at the server side to filter spoofed packets. This mechanism has a drawback of being not a perfect and final solution in defending against the TCP SYN flooding attack. An enhanced mechanism of Integrating and combining the SYN Cookie with Hop Count Filtering (HCF) mech

A new systematic approach is introduced and used to define and study the basic concepts of the anti-virus system. These basic concepts include definitions, design and analysis criteria, and lassifications. Also, the characteristics of the ideal anti-virus system are defined. To understand how the proposed design and analysis criteria can be used in practice, the currently available antivirus products are analyzed using the proposed criteria to see whether they meet the requirements of the ideal anti-virus system or not.

This paper investigates the experimental response of composite reinforced concrete with GFRP and steel I-sections under limited cycles of repeated load. The practical work included testing four beams. A reference beam, two composite beams with pultruded GFRP I-sections, and a composite beam with a steel I-beam were subjected to repeated loading. The repeated loading test started by loading gradually up to a maximum of 75% of the ultimate static failure load for five loading and unloading cycles. After that, the specimens were reloaded gradually until failure. All test specimens were tested under a three-point load. Experimental results showed that the ductility index increased for the composite beams relative to the refe

Many organizations today are  interesting to implementing lean manufacturing principles  that should enable them to eliminating the wastes to reducing a  manufacturing lead time.  This paper concentrates on  increasing  the competitive level of the company in globalization markets and improving of the productivity by reducing the manufacturing lead time. This will be by using the main tool of lean manufacturing which is value stream mapping (VSM) to identifying all the activities of manufacturing process (value and non-value added activities) to reducing elimination of wastes (non-value added activities) by converting a manufacturing system to pull instead of push by applying some of pull system strategies a

In recent years, there is more interest in water sources availability, including groundwater due to an increase in demand for water because of the increasing population in the world, and the water recedes due to climate change also. Therefore, the study of groundwater has required more attention. The aim of the present study is to establish a MODFLOW model in the groundwater modeling system software to simulate the movement of groundwater in the Turssaq alluvial fan which is located in the Qazaniyah city, east of Diyala Governorate. The solid model was used to define the aquifer in the study area. Using the GIS software, mapping and preparing the data needed to create a conceptual model were carried out. The data of the

Sustainable crop production in a coarse soil texture is challenging due to high water permeability and low soil water holding capacity. In this paper, subsurface water retention technology (SWRT) through impermeable polyethylene membranes was placed at depth 35 cm below ground surface and within the root zone to evaluate and compare the impact of these membranes and control treatment (without using the membranes) on yield and water use efficiency of eggplant inside the greenhouse. The study was conducted in Al-Fahamah Township, Baghdad, Iraq during spring growing season 2017. Results demonstrated the yield and water use efficiencies were 3.483 kg/m² and 5.653 kg/m³, respectively for SWRT treatment p

This research intents to design and laboratory implementation of a power electronic converter, which is useful for home applications, industrial, communications, street light and water pumping using solar cell source. The design is based on a step up boost DC/DC converter followed by a full wave SPWM inverter. The nominal power rating is 1.25kW and can operate from any DC source such as DC battery besides fuel cells. The system which consists of the following stages (PV, converter, inverter, DC link, filter and snubber circuit), is designed primarily with a general module depending on Orcad PSPICE program to produce power output nearly 1.25kVA at 50Hz with a pure sinewave output for both voltage and current. After designing and simulatin

Today's world is witnessing continuous development, particularly in the construction sector, which is meeting the rising population and their need for essential facilities; this is one of the reasons why construction is witnessing such development. Different crises significantly affect this sector, including the financial crisis in different countries. This paper identifies the financial crises, their categories, and the reasons for appearing them.  Inflation, currency exchange fluctuations, and the drop in global oil prices are the most important reasons for the emergence of external financial crises, especially in Iraq, which considers oil an important economic resource for its budget. The unexpected global financial

تعد العدالة في توزيع الخدمات مكانها من المتطلبات الرئيسة ضمن عمل المخطط الحضري و الإقليمي ، لذا فقد شغل بال هذه الفئة من الباحثين إيجاد أو الاعتماد على سبل عديدة تساعد في تحقيق هذا التوزيع المثاني المناطق الخدمة المختلفة في المدينة. و كان النظام المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS) دورا بارزا في تذليل العديد من صعوبات العمل التي يواجهها واضعو الخطط الحصرية و الاقليمية على حد سواء، وخصوصا فيما يتعلق بعمليات التوزيع المك

    Soft clays are generally characterized by low shear strength, low permeability and high compressibility. An effective method to accelerate consolidation of such soils is to use vertical drains along with vacuum preloading to encourage radial flow of water.  In this research numerical modeling of prefabricated vertical drains with vacuum pressure was done to investigate the effect of using vertical drains together with vacuum pressure on the degree of saturation of fully and saturated-unsaturated soft soils.  Laboratory experiments were conducted by using a specially-designed large consolidometer cell where a central drain was installed and vacuum pressure was applied. All tests were conducted

This study aims to numerically simulate the flow of the salt wedge by using computational fluid dynamics, CFD. The accuracy of the numerical simulation model was assessed against published laboratory data. Twelve CFD model runs were conducted under the same laboratory conditions. The results showed that the propagation of the salt wedge is inversely proportional to the applied freshwater discharge and the bed slope of the flume.  The maximum propagation is obtained at the lowest discharge value and the minimum slope of the flume. The comparison between the published laboratory results and numerical simulation shows a good agreement. The range of the relative error varies between 0 and 16% with an average of 2% and a roo

Cost estimation is considered one of the important tasks in the construction projects management. The precise estimation of the construction cost affect on the success and quality of a construction project. Elemental estimation is considered a very important stage to the project team because it represents one of the key project elements. It helps in formulating the basis to strategies and execution plans for construction and engineering.  Elemental estimation, which in the early stage, estimates the construction costs depending on  . minimum details of the project so that it gives an indication for the initial design stage of a project. This paper studies the factors that affect the elemental cost estimation as well as the rela

This paper presents the dynamic responses of generators in a multi-machine power system.  The fundamental swing equations for a multi-machine stability analysis are revisited. The swing equations are solved to investigate the influence of a three-phase fault on the network largest load bus. The Nigerian 330kV transmission network was used as a test case for the study. The time domain simulation approach was explored to determine if the system could withstand a 3-phase fault. The stability of the transmission network is estimated considering the dynamic behaviour of the system under various contingency conditions. This study identifies Egbin, Benin, Olorunsogo, Akangba, Sakete, Omotosho and Oshogbo as the key buses w

In this paper, wireless network is planned; the network is predicated on the IEEE 802.16e standardization by WIMAX. The targets of this paper are coverage maximizing, service and low operational fees. WIMAX is planning through three approaches. In approach one; the WIMAX network coverage is major for extension of cell coverage, the best sites (with Band Width (BW) of 5MHz, 20MHZ per sector and four sectors per each cell). In approach two, Interference analysis in CNIR mode. In approach three of the planning, Quality of Services (QoS) is tested and evaluated. ATDI ICS software (Interference Cancellation System) using to perform styling. it shows results in planning area covered 90.49% of the Baghdad City and used 1000 mob

Experimental investigation of the influence of inserting the metal foam to the solar chimney to induce natural ventilation are described and analyzed in this work. To carry out the experimental test, two identical solar chimneys (without insertion of metal foam and with insertion of metal foam) are designed and placed facing south with dimensions of length× width× air gap (2 m× 1 m× 0.2 m). Four incline angles are tested (20^o,30^o,45^o,60^o) for each chimney in Baghdad climate condition (33.3^o latitude, 44.4^o longitude) on October, November, December 2018. The solar chimney performance is investigated by experimentally recording absorber pl

The paper presented a new type of double helical-winding tubular induction motor (DHWTIM). The proposed motor consists of double- layer helical windings primary arranged on the same circumference with a common secondary. By controlling the phase sequence of supply voltage for each of primary winding layers, the secondary conductor would be capable of producing pure rotary motion, pure linear motion, or helical motion. An appropriate multi-layer analysis using cylindrical geometry is presented. This has been used to study the effect of iron presence in the magnetic circuit of the machine on its performance.

The differential protection of power transformers appears to be more difficult than any type of protection for any other part or element in a power system. Such difficulties arise from the existence of the magnetizing inrush phenomenon. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize between inrush current and the current arise from internal faults. In this paper, two approaches based on wavelet packet transform (WPT) and S-transform (ST) are applied to recognize different types of currents following in the transformer. In WPT approach, the selection of optimal mother wavelet and the optimal number of resolution is carried out using minimum description length (MDL) criteria before taking the decision for the extraction features from the WPT tree

Research covers the uses the method of Quality Rating Evaluation to evaluate the
quality of production through which a determination of product quality of its production in
order to determine the amount of sales hence the profits for the company. The most important
function is to satisfy consumer at reasonable prices. Methods were applied to the product
(toothpaste) in the General Company for Vegetable Oil – Almaamoon Factory .
The company's has obtained ISO-certified (ISO 9001-2008). Random samples of
final product intended for sale were collected from the store during months (February, April ,
June , October and December) for the year 2011 to determine the "quality rating " through
the applicat