In this paper, an experimental study of the thermal performance for hybrid solar air conditioning system was carried out, to investigate system suitability for the hot climate in Iraq. The system consists of vapor compression unit combined with evacuated tube solar collector and liquid storage tank. A three-way valve was installed after the compressor to control the direction flow of the refrigerant, either to the storage tank or directly to the condenser. The performance parameters were collected by data logger to display and record in the computer by using LabVIEW software. The results show that the average coefficient of performance of hybrid solar air conditioning system (R=1) was about 2.42 to 2.77 and the average p

This study objective is to identify the visual pollution in Karrada district main streets as an example of main streets in Baghdad, the public opinion about each pollutants, solutions to reduce and eliminate the pollution were suggested as well. In order to accomplish this objective different methods were used, 16 pollutants were selected, pictures of each pollutants were taken and a questioner were distributed randomly for 270 people to evaluate the public opinion with statistical methods. Garbage, their disposal and storage areas took the first two places as the highest offensive pollutants. The people showed that they find long lines of vehicles, debris and generators appearance ranked third, fourth and fifth respectively .This resear

Piled raft is commonly used as foundation for high rise buildings. The design concept of piled raft foundation is to minimize the number of piles, and to utilize the entire bearing capacity. High axial stresses are therefore, concentrated at the region of connection between the piles and raft. Recently, an alternative technique is proposed to disconnect the piles from the raft in a so called unconnected piled raft (UCPR) foundation, in which a compacted soil layer (cushion) beneath the raft, is usually introduced.  The piles of the new system are considered as reinforcement members for the subsoil rather than as structural members. In the current study, the behavior of unconnected piled rafts systems has been studie

In this work chemical vapor deposition method (CVD) for the production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been improved by the addition of S. Steel mesh container (SSMC) inside which the catalyst (Fe/Al2O3) was placed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation method used to study nanotubes produced, showed that high yield of two types of (CNTs) obtained, single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNTs) with diameter and length of less than 50nm and several micrometers respectively and nanocoil tubes with a diameter and length of less than 100nm and several micrometers respectively. The chemical analysis of (CNTs) reveals that the main component is carbon (94%) and a little amount of Al (0.32%), Fe (2.22%) the reminder is oxygen. It was also fou

A series of heterogeneous basic catalysts of CaO, MgO and CaMgO₂ at different calcination temperature were synthesized via solution combustion method. Different characterization techniques have been carried out to investigate the structure of the produced catalysts i.e. X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analyzer, morphology by atomic force microscope (AFM) and reflection using UV-VIS diffuse reflectance spectra. The particles size analyzer revealed that the mixed oxide catalysts calcined at different calcination temperature possess smaller nano size particles compared to pure CaO. Moreover, the energy band gap was calculated based on the results of diffuse reflectance spectra. The energy band gap was redu

Expanded bed behavior was modeled by using the Richardson-Zaki correlation between the superficial velocity of the feed stream and the void fraction of the bed at moderate Reynolds number. The terminal velocity expression was developed by introducing two empirical parameters, the effective diameter of the particles and an exponent for the    p l l l     2  term. The Richardson-Zaki exponent constant (n) was found to vary with the density ratio   p l l    and diameter ratio d D p . It was noted that when the density ratio   p l l    is less than one, there is no dense phase at the bottom of the test section. However, for density ratio   p l l    greater than

Using asphalt mixtures with added materials became a significant field for enhancing asphalt properties. Crumb rubber or recycled tire rubber is one of these materials that gained great attention because it provides asphalt mixtures with enhanced properties and with the privilege of being economically and environmentally efficient where it reduces the waste tires from being disposed to nature. This study explores the latest articles in this field with a focus on different methods used to incorporate crumb rubber (CR) into the asphalt matrix. It has been noticed that most articles focus on the wet process for incorporating CR into asphalt. This method is known for its efficiency, but it consumes less CR as compared to the

There are numerous real-world applications for delay differential equations, including engineering model systems with time delays, such as control systems and communication networks, time-limited meals, blood pressure, hemopoiesis, and others, especially when the oscillation in these equations is exploited. To fulfill the goal of this study, certain of the coefficients in the first-order logistic equation must be piecewise continuous. This can only be accomplished by using the delay differential equations with the piecewise constant argument to investigate the oscillation or nonoscillation property of all first-order logistic equation solutions. The solution's piecewise constant is the largest integer fu

This paper presents experimentally a new configuration of shear connector for Steel-Concrete-Steel (SCS) sandwich beams that is derived from truss configuration. It consists of vertical and inclined shear connectors welded together and to cover steel plates infilled with concrete. Nine simply supported SCS beams were tested until the failure under a concentrated central load (three- point bending). The beams were similar in length (1100mm), width (100mm), and the top plate thickness (4mm). The test parameters were; beam thickness (150, 200, 250, and 300mm), the bottom plate thickness (4, and 6mm), the diameter of the shear connectors (10, 12, and 16mm), and the connector spacing (100, 200, and 250mm). The test results sh

As the temperature of combustion gases is higher than the melting temperature of the turbine materials, cooling of turbine parts in a gas turbine engine is necessary for safe operation. Cooling methods investigated in this computational study included cooling flow losses. Film-cooling is one typically used cooling method whereby coolant is supplied through holes passage, in present study the holes placed along the camber line of the blade. The subject of this paper is to evaluate the heat transfer that occur on the holes of blade through different
blowing coolant rates. The cases of this study were performed in a low speed wind tunnel with two tip gap at small and large (0.03 and 0.09cm) and multiple coolant flow rates through the fil

This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of treatment actual potato chips processing wastewater in a continuously operated dual chambers microbial fuel cell (MFC) inoculated with anaerobic sludge. The results demonstrated significant removal of COD and suspended solids of more than 99% associated with relatively high generation of current and power densities of 612.5 mW/m³ and 1750 mA/m³, respectively at 100 Ω external resistance.

The effect of air injection device on the performance of airlift pump used for water pumping has been studied numerically and experimentally. An airlift pump of dimensions 42mm diameter and 2200 mm length with conventional and modified air injection device was considered. A modification on conventional injection device (normal air-jacket type) was carried out by changing injection angle from 90  (for conventional) to 22.5  (for modified). Continuity and Navier-Stokes equations in turbulent regime with an appropriate two-phase flow model (VOF) and turbulent model (   ) in two dimensions axisymmetry flow were formulated and solved by using the known package FLUENT version (14.5). The numerical and experimental investiga

For the duration of the last few many years many improvement in computer technology, software program programming and application production had been followed with the aid of diverse engineering disciplines. Those trends are on the whole focusing on synthetic intelligence strategies. Therefore, a number of definitions are supplied, which recognition at the concept of artificial intelligence from exclusive viewpoints. This paper shows current applications of artificial intelligence (AI) that facilitate cost management in civil engineering tasks. An evaluation of the artificial intelligence in its precise partial branches is supplied. These branches or strategies contributed to the creation of a sizable group of fashions s

An Investigation of estimated Mechanical Properties of AL-Alloys 2024-T3, which is the most commonly used in industrial applications, been established experimentally. A new novel Plasma Peening techniques had applied for the whole surfaces of the material by CNC-Plasma machine for 48 specimen, and then a new investigation were toke over to figure the amount of change in mechanical properties and estimated fatigue life. It found that improvement was showing a nonlinear behavior according to peening duration time, speed, peening distance, peening number, and amount of effected power on the depth of the material thickness. The major improvement was at medium speed long duration time normal peening distance. Which shows up t

The execution phase  of the project is most dangerous and the most drain on the resources during project life cycle, therefore, its need to monitor and control by specialists to exceeded obstructions and achieve the project goals. The study aims to detect the actual reasons behind mismanagement of the execution phase. The study begins with theoretical part, where it deals with the concepts of project, project selection, project management, and project processes. Field part consists of three techniques: 1- brainstorming, 2- open interviews with experts and 3- designed questionnaire (with 49 reason. These reasons result from brainstorming and interviewing with experts.), in order to find the real reasons behind misman

The main objective of this study is to develop predictive models using SPSS software (version 18) for Marshall Test results of asphalt mixtures compacted by Hammer, Gyratory, and Roller compaction. Bulk density of (2.351) gm/cc, at OAC of (4.7) % was obtained as a benchmark after using Marshall Compactor as laboratory compactive effort with 75-blows. Same density was achieved by Roller and Gyratory Compactors using its mix designed methods.

A total of (75) specimens, for Marshall, Gyratory, and Roller Compactors have been prepared, based on OAC of (4.7) % with an additional asphalt contents of more and less than (0.5) % from the optimum value. All specimens have been subjected to Marshall Test. Mathematical model

L1 adaptive controller has proven to provide fast adaptation with guaranteed transients in a large variety of systems. It is commonly used for controlling systems with uncertain time-varying unknown parameters. The effectiveness of  L1 adaptive controller for position control of single axis has been examined and compared with Model Reference Adaptive Controller (MRAC). The Linear servo motor is one of the main constituting elements of the x-y table which is mostly used in automation application. It is characterized by time-varying friction and disturbance.

    The tracking and steady state performances of both controllers have been assessed fo

The aim of this paper is to design a PID controller based on an on-line tuning bat optimization algorithm for the step-down DC/DC buck converter system which is used in the battery operation of the mobile applications. In this paper, the bat optimization algorithm has been utilized to obtain the optimal parameters of the PID controller as a simple and fast on-line tuning technique to get the best control action for the system. The simulation results using (Matlab Package) show the robustness and the effectiveness of the proposed control system in terms of obtaining a suitable voltage control action as a smooth and unsaturated state of the buck converter input voltage of ( ) volt that will stabilize the buck converter sys

This paper deals with calculate stresses in Knee-Ankle-Foot-Orthosis as a result of the effect vibration during gait cycle for patient wearing KAFO .Experimental part included measurement interface pressure between KAFO and leg due to action muscles and body weigh on Orthosis. also measurement acceleration result from motion of defected leg by accelerometer .Results of Experimental part used input in theoretical part so as to calculate stresses result from applying pressure and acceleration on KAFO by engineering analysis program ANSYS 14.Resultes show stresses values in upper KAFO greater than lower KAFO that is back to muscles more effective in thigh part lead to recoding pressure higher than pressure in shank part.

Potentiometric sensing utilizes reference ion-selective electrodes to determine the electrochemical concentration of target ions under various chemical conditions. Electrodes made from zinc (Zn) ions are used as electrochemical sensors to detect water pollution caused by heavy metals. In this work, the sensor device consisted of Zn ions as an ion exchanger and polyvinyl chloride and tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate as plasticizers. The response properties of these electrodes, the ultraviolet-visible spectrum of samples, the calibration curve, the concentration range, and the pH effect were studied. The empirical results illustrate that the electrode exhibited a linear range from )1 × ) M with a correlation coefficient 0.983

In this study, the combined effect of fiber orientation and loading frequency on tension–tension fatigue behavior of woven Kevlar/epoxy laminates was examined. Specimens with fiber orientations of 0°, 23°, and 45° were fabricated via hand lay-up and tested according to ASTM D3039 and ASTM D3479 standards. Static tensile tests with ultimate tensile strengths (UTS) of 276.1 MPa (0°), 159.2 MPa (23°), and 185.81 MPa (45°) showed clear orientation dependence. Fatigue stresses were normalized using (σ_max/UTS), Fatigue experiments were conducted at stress levels ranging from 55%to 90% of (UTS) and at two loading frequencies, 5 and 15 Hz. and the results were interpreted through normalized S–N curves, Basquin regression fi

Since seismic reflection data produce comprehensive subsurface images that reveal geological structures likely to contain minerals, oil, and gas, they are essential for resource exploitation. When paired with well logs, these data enable seismic and petrophysical assessments that lower drilling risks and boost efficiency. Wireline logs from five wells and seismic coverage of the Nasiriyah oil field (Dhi-Qar Governorate), processed with Schlumberger software, were used to characterize the Yamama reservoir. Synthetic seismograms connected reservoir tops to seismic data; however, resistivity and gamma logs helped with correlation and sequence delineation. Wells' correlation described the migration routes of hydrocarbons and

The combination of quantum materials into electrochemical systems provides a novel procedure in advanced energy storage technology. This study focused on the use of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG); a material known for its unconventional superconductivity and superfluid stiffness scaling at cryogenic temperatures suitable for enhancing battery interfaces under room temperature conditions. By exploiting the quantum capacitance of MATBG and incorporating it in an adapted Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) theoretical framework, this study achieved substantial and remarkable improvements in interfacial energetics and charge-transfer kinetics. Explicitly, the modified PNP model showed a 50% reduction in interfacial potential gradients

This work prepared new composite (Ag₂O/AC) used as adsorbent and oxidation from activated carbon (AC) prepared from Upholstery waste (UW) by carbonization and precipitation methods by hydrated 5% silver nitrate (AgNO₃) by Photo Oxidation Batch Reactor (POBR) to organic elimination from refinery wastewater (RWW) through a batch technique and compared between them on activated carbon. The FTIR, FE-SEM, EDX and BET analyses were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of the AC and Ag₂O/AC samples. The removal efficiency of organic contaminants was inspected under four working conditions: dose (0.2-1 g), pH (3-9), agitation speed (100-300 rpm), and contact time (30-120 min). The

This paper presents a method to organize memory chips when they are used to build memory systems that have word size wider than 8-bit. Most memory chips have 8-bit word size. When the memory system has to be built from several memory chips of various sizes, this method gives all possible organizations of these chips in the memory system. This paper also suggests a precise definition of the term “memory bank” that is usually used in memory systems. Finally, an illustrative design problem was taken to illustrate the presented method practically

Enhancing the properties of reactive powder concrete (RPC) by developing the internal structure or making replacements or additions to the aggregates is becoming a prevalent method to obtain RPC with desired properties, which it can be used in numerous applications in the construction industry. Pozzolanic active constituents are used in large quantities to reach the desired properties, but on the other hand, these methods are still not sustainable and could be expensive. This study explores methods of curing RPC that affect compressive strength and other mechanical properties. This study briefly describes how RPC's internal structure and mechanical properties are enhanced. The core objective of this study is to review th

An experimental study was conducted on pressure drop of water flow through vertical cylindrical packed beds in turbulent region and the influence of the operating parameters on its behavior. The bed packing was made of spherical and non-spherical particles (spheres, Rasching rings and intalox saddle) with aspect ratio range 3.46  D/dp  8.486 obtaining bed porosities 0.396 0.84 and Reynolds number 1217  21758. The system is consisted of 5 cm inside diameter Perspex column, 50 cm long; distilled water was pumped through the bed with flow rate 875, 1000, 1125, 1250,1375 and 1500 l/h and inlet water temperature 20, 30, 40 and 50 ˚C. The packed bed system was monitored by using LabVIEW program, were the result

The possibility of using inhibited hydrochloric acid in descaling of water deposits on heat exchanger and cooling system tubes have been investigated. A dynamic flow system was designed for this state. Experiments were carried out using different, temperatures, solution flow rates,times, and different hydrochloric acid concentrations inhibited with Hexamine. Kinetics of acid iron oxide scale reaction was studied using hydrochloric acid The kinetics analysis showed that the acid- FeO scale reaction followes 1st order reaction. It was found that the FeO scale removal was mass transfer controlling process. Iron- oxide scale removal process was analyzed as mass transfer operation and adequate semi- empirical correlations for scale removal (o

It has increasingly been recognised that the future developments in geospatial data handling will centre on geospatial data on the web: Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI). The evaluation of VGI data quality, including positional and shape similarity, has become a recurrent subject in the scientific literature in the last ten years. The OpenStreetMap (OSM) project is the most popular one of the leading platforms of VGI datasets. It is an online geospatial database to produce and supply free editable geospatial datasets for a worldwide. The goal of this paper is to present a comprehensive overview of the quality assurance of OSM data. In addition, the credibility of open source geospatial data is discussed, highlight

It is possible to infer some facts by capturing them directly or trying to trace their evolutions and changes mentally. This will guarantee human beings a sort of self-confidence, control and power. Some sustained patterns of natural, biological and human artifacts provide trusty physical and objective proofs on their success and service. The research claims that the secret beyond the success of these patterns lies in ambiguous or hidden or invisible orders within the seeming randomness and complexity. Successful systems reflect
distinguishable order when they reach a critical threshold of stability and self-organizing between their trends to connect and to compact. Then, patterns can reveal themselves and express their similar str