This research describes a new method for estimating tramadol hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations using Molecularly Imprinted Solid-Phase Extraction (MISPE) as a sample extraction technique. Acrylamide was used as the functional monomer, trimethylolpropane Trimethacrylate as the cross-linker, and tramadol hydrochloride as the template molecule to make Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP). The new molecularly imprinted polymer was characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and a scanning electron microscope. The adsorption isotherm of the prepared polymer was determined under the optimum conditions using spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 272 nm. The method's linear dynami

         This study involves the design of 24 mixtures of fiber reinforced magnetic reactive powder concrete containing nano silica. Tap water was used for 12 of these mixtures, while magnetic water was used for the others. The nano silica (NS) with ratios (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3) % by weight of cement, were used for all the mixtures. The results have shown that the mixture containing 2.5% NS gives the highest compressive strength at age 7 days. Many different other tests were carried out, the results have shown that the carbon fiber reinforced magnetic reactive powder concrete containing 2.5% NS (CFRMRPCCNS) had higher compressive strength, modulus of rupture, splitting tension, str

A tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding is one of the most popular kinds of welding used to join metals mainly for aluminum alloys.  However, many challenges may be met with this kind of joining process; these challenges arise from decay of mechanical properties of welded materials. In the present study, an attempt was made to enhancing the mechanical properties of TIG weld joint of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy by hardening the surfaces using shoot peening technique. To optimize the shoot peening process three times of exposure (5, 10, and 15) min. was used. All peened and unpeened, and welded and unwelded samples were  characterized by metallographic test to indicate the phase transformation and modification in microstructure occurring d

An experimental study was carried out for an evaporative cooling system in order to investigate the effect of using an aluminum pad coated with fabric polyester. In the present work, it was considered to use a new different type of cooling medium and test its performance during the change in the wet-bulb temperature and dry-bulb temperature of the supply air outside of the pad, the relative humidity of the supply air, the amount of air supplied (300-600) CFM and also the change of the amount of circulated water (1.75, 2.5, 4.5) liter per minute. A decrease in the WBT of the air was obtained, whereas the WBT of the air entering the pad was 26.5 . In contrast, the WBT of the outside air had reached 23  even though eva

OpenStreetMap (OSM) represents the most common example of online volunteered mapping applications. Most of these platforms are open source spatial data collected by non-experts volunteers using different data collection methods. OSM project aims to provide a free digital map for all the world. The heterogeneity in data collection methods made OSM project databases accuracy is unreliable and must be dealt with caution for any engineering application. This study aims to assess the horizontal positional accuracy of three spatial data sources are OSM road network database, high-resolution Satellite Image (SI), and high-resolution Aerial Photo (AP) of Baghdad city with respect to an analogue formal road network dataset obtain

ان اكثر المشاكل التي تواجهنا هي إشاعة الأساليب القديمة والتعود عليها ، وقد كان الأسلوب التقليدي ( المقاول العالم ) وعند جدول الكميات الذي يعمل على وفق الشروط العامة المقاولات اعمال الهندسة المدنية المعتمدة من وزارة التخلية في العراق ومؤسسة الفيديك هما الأكثر شيوعا واستبعادا لدى الجهات الفنية والإدارية بمختلف مستوياتها ومواقعها ، ولذا أصبح من الضروري البحث عن قواعد تعاقدية معينة يمكن استخدامها كبديل مفصل

The objective of this study is to investigate the application of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in the treatment of wastewater contaminated with furfural. The AOPs investigated is the homogeneous photo-Fenton (UV/H₂O₂/Fe⁺²) process. The experiments were conducted by using cylindrical stainless steel batch photo-reactor. The influence of different variables: initial concentration of H₂O₂ (300-1300mg/L), Fe⁺²(20-70mg/L), pH(2-7) and initial concentration of furfural (50-300 mg/L) and their relationship with the mineralization efficiency were studied.

 Complete mineralization for the system UV/H₂O₂/Fe⁺² was achieved at: initi

إن انبعاثات الكاربون المصاحبة للبناء والكلفة الباهظة لمواد البناء الخام إضافة الى مخاطر ندرتها في المستقبل جميعها تهدد الاستدامة وتلحق الضرر بالبيئة. عليه، تسعى العديد من الدول برسم استراتيجيات حديثة للبيئة الخضراء من خلال اعتماد مواد معاد تدويرها وصديقة للبيئة في البناء بما في ذلك مخلفات الخشب أو نشارة الخشب. يقدم البحث الحالي مراجعة لأهم الدراسات المتميزة والطرق الواعدة المتعلقة بتوظيف نشارة الخشب في

The paper presents properties of high performance concrete reinforced with relatively high percentage of choped carbon fibers vol. fraction ranging from (1 to 5) %. The great advantage of such composites is their relatively high flexural strength. A low water to cement ratio of 0.3 with super plasticizer was used in order to keep the cement mix easily workable. To improve the properties, a locally existing pozzolan based on reactive meta- kaolin was used in the mixture together with silica sand. A high modulus carbon fibers (450 KN/mm2) were also used. In addition to the flexural strength, dynamic modulus of elastisity were found using dynamic methods.
The results showed that the specimen failed in flexureal by a single crack although

One zinc-27 % aluminum alloy (ZA-27) with excellent corrosion resistance and high hardness is ZA-27, making it suitable for industrial applications such as vehicle parts. The alloy works better in tough mechanical conditions because it has carbide particles, like SiC or TiC, added to it, which make it harder, more resistant to wear, and improve its internal structure. Using Minitab statistical software, the design of experiments (DOE) was utilized to conduct studies with a statistical two-level factorial experimental design. The effect of three parameters, SiC particles percentage (X1), stirring speed (X2), and stirring time (X3), was studied on the tensile characteristics of the SiC-enhanced ZA-27. The ingot was smelted

Foamed concrete (FC) is a lightweight concrete that can be designed to meet specific strength or density criteria. Foamed concrete with an efficient design, guarantees the desired qualities of durability and strength to be attained. This study aims to predict the compressive strength of foamed concrete produced with rice hush ash as cement partial replacement at 5-30%, using the strength-porosity prediction model with a density of 1600 kg/m3. In order to create the model, a relationship between strength and porosity characteristics was used. The fundamental constant was also found using the numerical analysis bisection method. The characteristics of the fundamental component materials and density that in

Low bearing capacity of weak soil under shallow footings represents one of construction problems. Kaolin with water content converges to liquid limit used to represent the weak soil under shallow footing prototype. On the other hand, cement dust, which can be defined as undesirable industrial waste material come from cement industry, was used to improve the bearing capacity of the soft soil considered in this research. The soft soil was prepared in steel box (36×36×25) cm and shallow square footing prototype (6×6) cm were used .Group of physical and chemical tests were conducted on kaolin and cement dust. The improvement were performed by making trench under the footing filled with compacted cement dust (at its optimum moisture conten

In this work a study and calculation of the normal approach between two bodies,
spherical and rough flat surface, had been conducted by the aid of image processing
technique. Four kinds of metals of different work hardening index had been used as a
surface specimens and by capturing images of resolution of 0.006565 mm/pixel a good estimate of the normal approach may be obtained the compression tests had been done in strength of material laboratory in mechanical engineering department, a Monsanto tensometer had been used to conduct the indentation tests. A light section measuring equipment microscope BK 70x50 was used to calculate the surface parameters of the texture profile like standard deviation of asperity peak heights

Specific surface has a very important role in geotacnic especially with that home dell with gypseous soils or other types of salty soils. Because its calculation need for high accuracy, a procedure is presented to calculate a correction factor for Specific surface determination.
In a previous work, grain size distribution curves of many soil samples are collected. A value for the specific surface of each soil is determined summing the surface area of subintervals in the distribution curve.
In this work, the values of specific surface are obtained from these gradation curves and compared to those calculated using the values of the equivalent diameter for each soil. Fitting has been made and gets the best equation representing these

The present paper is an experimental study to improve the productivity of the conventional solar still. This done by modifying conventional still in a way that the distilled basin is larger than distillation basin, thus providing an increase in the condensation surface and speeding up the condensation process. Moreover, increase in the dimensions of the distilled base helps coupling reflective panels to the distilled base to reflect incident solar radiation to the distillation basin. For this purpose , two solar stills were made, one conventional designand another made according to the proposed design. The two solar stills were tested during the period from February to July 2009 under varying weather conditions of Basra, Iraq (latitude o

a variety of composite steel-concrete column segments using shear connectors of different shapes and sizes to provide resistance to slip at steel – concrete interfaces . Hence , it represents a qualitative transition in the experimental and analytical investigations on shear connectors effectivity at steel – concrete interfaces , as most studies in the field of shear connectors were devoted to composite beam and slab – systems .
Three types of shear connectors – with four concrete grades for each type – were used in fabricating composite specimens . The twelve composite prototypes were subjected to push – out test individually to examine their behavior by measuring the slip values for each load incremental till failure , t

For the time being, the cold-formed sections are widely used due to their simple manufacturing and construction processes. To be feasible, the strength of cold-formed columns should be determined based on their post-buckling behavior. Post-buckling relations are cumbersome and need design aids similar to those of American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) to be applicable. These design aids have been developed to sections and materials other than those available in the local market. Therefore, this paper tries to develop a general finite element model to simulate the postbuckling behavior of cold-formed steel columns. Shell element has been used to discretize the web, flanges, and lips of the column. A linear bucking analy

Urban forms and configurations are very influential in building up urban life; they affect street configuration, visual permeability, and spatial accessibility. However, the importance of this in impacting the performance and vibrancy of urban spaces has not been comprehended so far. Thus, the following paper takes a closer look at the key areas within downtown Baghdad, namely Alshorja and Bab AlSharqi, to analyze their urban characteristics. A comprehensive methodology was developed for this research that combined qualitative and quantitative methods, including field survey, GIS digitization, and space syntax analysis, which enabled an in-depth investigation into the street pattern, visual permeability, and spatial acce

A theoretical study is done to treat Baghdad biomedical wastes (5.21 tons/day) using many treatment methods according to construction and maintenance costs, energy and water consumption and decreasing waste volume and mass. Previous published experimental data results and experimental operation conditions are considered in the current research. The thermal energy and generated wastes are computed from the complete combustion of biomedical wastes (100 kg/h) from two hospitals in Baghdad. Survey data shows that the Medical City and Al-Yarmouk Hospital generate about (700 kg /day) of biomedical waste. A multi-chamber incinerator with a capacity of (100 kg/h) has been designed to burn biomedical wastes using diesel fuel to r

In Iraq, as well as many other developing countries the performance graded (PG) based System is not yet implemented to evaluate the currently used asphalt cernents for paving works. It appears that not only the unavailability of test equipments is resulting in this delay but also the lack of clear understanding of what steps could be taken to incorporate this system. This research is an attempt to highlight the important aspects of a (PG) system that can be readily implemented without the need for expensive equipments. It includes the development of a Performance based System employing the conventional test methods and available nomographs from literature. It also, shows how climatic data, traffic data, and asphalt binder properties

The worldwide construction industry has recognized the necessity for lightweight building materials that are flexible, high-performance, and environmentally friendly. In response to this need, lightweight foamed concrete (LFC) is being proposed. In concrete, nanoparticles are utilized for their beneficial effects, such as their small particle size and high reactivity, which improve the strength of concrete. In this study, foam concrete block waste was used as a partial substitute for cement in the manufacture of foamed concrete. The experimental program was done by preparing finally ground foam concrete wastes by using specific machines to produce particles similar to cement particles. The replacement ratios are (0, 10,

Stratified three-phase flow through horizontal pipe has been studied experimentally. The
fluids used in the system are water, kerosene, and air. A closed loop flow system, which composed
of 0.051 m inside diameter and 4 m length test pipe, is designed with facilities for measuring flow
rate, pressure drop and thickness of each phase.
The effects of gas, liquid flow rates and water liquid ratio (WLR) have been experimentally
observed. It was found that liquid (water, and oil) thickness decreased when the gas flow rate is
increased with constant liquid flow rate, and increased when the liquid flow rate is increased at
constant gas flow rate. Pressure drop increased when the gas and/or liquid flow rate is increased.

Base isolation systems have become a significant element of a structural system to enhance reliability during an earthquake. One type of base isolation system is Friction Pendulum Bearing in which the superstructure is isolated from the foundation using specially designed concave surface and bearing to allow sway under its own natural period during the seismic events. This study presents the finite element analysis of Friction Pendulum System (FPS) of a multi-story building and without base isolation, subjected to two real different earthquakes (El Centro & Loma Prieta) by use engineering program (ETABS Nonlinear version 9.5). Comparing with the available experimental data, the application of the current model gives close prediction.

Physical adsorption by nitrogen gas was studied on seven commercial platinum reforming catalysts
(RG-402, RG-412, RG-432, RG-451, RG 422,RG-482, PS-10), four prepared platinum catalysts
(0.1%Pt/alumina, 0.2 %Pt/alumina, 0.45 %Pt/alumina and 0.55% Pt/alumina), and -alumina
support.
Physical adsorption was carried out by using Accelerated Surface Area and Porosimetry (ASAP
2400 device) at 77 K .
The results indicate that the surface area in genaral decreases with increasing platinum
percentage,high platinum loaded (0.45% and 0.55%) it was found that the percent increasing in
surface area was lower than those obtained for low platinum loaded catalysts , and at very higher
platinum loading 0.6 %Pt , some reduction

This paper studies the validity and accuracy of the seismic design force recommended by AASHTO for single span bridges. A parametric study for single steel girder bridges is presented, included the effect of span length and elastomeric bearing and lateral bracing (cross-frame) stiffness. The results of simplified AASHTO method are compared with response spectrum and time history analysis. Also studying the seismic design reqiurements for continuous steel girder bridges in seismic performance category (A), included the effect of span length, seismic zone, effect of elastomeric bearing and cross-frame stiffness and bridge skew on their seismic responses. It is concluded that the AASHTO simplified analysis method for single span bridges und

This research is devoted to study the strengthening technique for the existing reinforced concrete beams using external post-tensioning. An analytical methodology is proposed to predict the value of the effective prestress force for the external tendons required to close cracks in existing beams. The external prestressing force required to close cracks in existing members is only a part from the total strengthening force.
A computer program created by Oukaili (1997) and developed by Alhawwassi (2008) to evaluate curvature and deflection for reinforced concrete beams or internally prestressed concrete beams is modified to evaluate the deflection and the stress of the external tendons for the externally strengthened beams using Matlab

The high strength concrete is characterized by its high strength, low porosity and good performance
under aggressive environmental conditions. The paper presents some factors affecting the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity test results for high strength concrete such as water/ cement ratio, type of aggregate, frequency level of transducers, dimension of the specimens and path length. An experimental equation has been derived for the prediction of compressive strength of high strength concrete from pulse velocity, which can be used for the estimation of strength. It provides more reliable prediction and can be used in precast concrete factories manufacturing precast concrete girders for bridges

Many researchers recommended Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) to be use for the purpose of
stiffness profile determination of existing pavement. Several sources of uncertainties contribute to
the inaccuracies in moduli obtained in this manner. these include: 1) the measured parameters
(deflection basin and FWD load), 2) the back calculation model, and 3) the pavement parameters, such as Poisson's ratio and thickness of each pavement layer . In the present study the influence of the variation in the thickness and other pavement parameters on the backcalcuted moduli are investigated .Theoretical deflection basins were generated for different pavement structure using program Mich-pave. Mich-back program was then utilized to backc

In wide range of chemical, petrochemical and energy processes, it is not possible to manage without slurry bubble column reactors. In this investigation, time average local gas holdup was recorded for three different height to diameter (H/D) ratios 3, 4 and 5 in 18" diameter slurry bubble column. Air-water-glass beads system was used with superficial velocity up to 0.24 m/s. the gas holdup was measured using 4-tips optical fiber probe technique. The results show that the axial gas holdup increases almost linearly with the superficial gas velocity in 0.08 m/s and levels off with a further increase of velocity. A comparison of the present data with those reported for other slurry bubble column having diameters larger than

The faujasite type Y zeolite catalyst was prepared from locally available kaolin. For prepared faujasite type NaY zeolite X-ray, FT-IR, BET pore volume and surface area, and silica/ alumina were determined. The Xray and FT-IR show the compatibility of prepared catalyst with the general structure of standard zeolite Y. BET test shows that the surface area and pore volume of prepared catalyst were 360 m2 /g and 0.39 cm3 /g respectively.
The prepared faujasite type NaY zeolite modified by exchanging sodium ion with ammonium ion using ammonium nitrate and then ammonium ion converted to hydrogen ion. The maximum sodium ion exchange with ammonium ion was 53.6%. The catalytic activity of prepared faujasite type NaY, NaNH4Y and NaHY zeolites