The Shatt Al-Arab River, in southern Iraq, flows southeastwards through Basrah City to the Arabian Gulf. Seven creeks are branched off the river: Jubyla, Muftya, Robat, Khandek, Ashar, Khora, and Saraji, where they are affected by tidal phenomena. The change in the hydrological status of the river over the last decade has adversely affected the quality of the river's water. Urban sewage and industrial wastewater are usually discharged directly or indirectly into the river. The entire river's course is studied, starting at the point where the Tigris and Euphrates rivers meet in the Qurnah district and extending into the vicinity of the river's estuary. The use of the Shatt Al Arab River in modelling a planned regulator on

The vortex rate sensor is a fluidic gyroscope with no moving parts and can be used in very difficult
conditions like radiation, high temperature and noise with minimum cost of manufacturing and
maintenance. A vortex rate sensor made of wood has been designed and manufactured to study
theoretically and experimentally its static performance .A rig has been built to carry out the study,
the test carried out with three different air flow rates (100, 150, and 200 l/min).The results show that
the relation between the differential pressure taken from the sensor pickoff points and the angular
velocity of the sensor was linear.The present work involved theoretical and experimental study of
vortex rate sensor static characteri

A general velocity profile for a laminar flow over a flat plate with zero incidence is obtained by employing a new boundary condition to the other available boundary conditions. The general velocity profile is mathematically simple and nearest to the exact solution. Also other related values, boundary layer thickness, displacement thickness, momentum thickness and coefficient of friction are nearest to the exact solution compared with other corresponding values for other researchers.

The aim of this work is concerned with detailed study of transfer of ozone into water.. Since ozone cannot be stored or conveniently purchased by the gram, pound, gallon or ton, it must be produced on site as needed, (where needed and when needed). The process will carried out with two important assumptions; first that ozone is the only active species that physically dissolves in water. And second that there is no chemical reaction .the process carried out in a perforated sieve tray column with 1 m long and 33 cm diameter. The effects of process variables such as (Water flow rate, pH and air flow rate which is refer to the concentration of free ozone in the gas phase in the absorption column). The result show that the absorption rate inc

A low-order panel method was used to predict the flow characteristics between two sets of wings representing wing and tail. Constant source and doublet singularities with Drichlet boundary condition are used on the body surfaces. Distance and setting angle changes of the tail are studied to predict the air flow characteristics. Since the flow is incompressible non-viscous (potential flow), the results obtained contain a large physical evidence and may give a good design tool for aircraft stability consideration. A FORTRAN program was built to calculate the flow characteristics and then validated with published data. Highly acceptable results are obtained as compared with these data, so that; the program can be used for discussing the des

Due to the popularity of radar , receive often “ hear “ a great number of other transmitters in addition to their own return merely in noise . The dealing with the problem of identify and / or separating a sum of tens of such pulse trains from a number of different sources are often received on the one communication channel. It is then of interest to identify which pulses are from which source , based on the assumption that the different sources have different characteristics .This search deals with a graphical user interface (GUI) to generate the radar pulse in order to use the required radar signal in any specified location .

In this research a theoretical study has been carried out on the behavior and strength of simply supported composite beams strengthened by steel cover plate taking into consideration partial interaction of shear connectors and nonlinear behavior of the materials and shear connectors. Following the procedure that already has been adopted by Johnson (1975), the basic differential equations of equilibrium and compatibility were reduced to single differential equation in terms of interface slip between concrete slab and steel beam. Furthermore, in order to consider the nonlinear behavior of steel, concrete and shear connectors, the basic equation was rearranged so that all terms related to materials are isol

Productivity estimating of ready mixed concrete batch plant is an essential tool for the successful completion of the construction process. It is defined as the output of the system per unit of time. Usually, the actual productivity values of construction equipment in the site are not consistent with the nominal ones. Therefore, it is necessary to make a comprehensive evaluation of the nominal productivity of equipment concerning the effected factors and then re-evaluate them according to the actual values.

In this paper, the forecasting system was employed is an Artificial Intelligence technique (AI). It is represented by Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to establish the predicted model to estimate wet ready mixe

Population growth and urban development have posed challenges for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) locations in large cities such as Baghdad since they fail to meet sustainability criteria due to outdated planning and the lack of an approved strategy to determine the appropriate location for a WWTP in it. This study aims to develop a decision-making strategy for sustainable sites for WWTPs by using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and applying the strategy to evaluate the locations of the major WWTPs in Baghdad. Nine factors affecting decision-making regarding WWTP locations were categorized into three groups based on environmental, economic, and social sustainability requirements. A questionnaire method wa

A flight simulation programme has been developed on a personal computer using Microsoft
FORTRAN to simulate flight trajectories of a light aircraft by using Six-Degree-of-Freedom
equation of motion. The simulation has been made realistic through pre-programmed the input to
the control surfaces, atmospheric gust during the flight mode. The programme plays an important
role in the evaluation and validation of the aircraft design process. A light aircraft (Cessna 182T)
has been tested through free flight, gliding flight, flight with gust. The results show good trend and
show that the programme could be dependent as a realistic flight test programme.

This study investigates the results of electrocoagulation (EC) using aluminum (Al) electrodes as anode and stainless steel (grade 316) as a cathode for removing silica, calcium, and magnesium ions from simulated cooling tower blowdown waters. The simulated water contains (50 mg/l silica, 508 mg/l calcium, and 292 mg/l magnesium). The influence of different experimental parameters, such as current density (0.5, 1, and 2 mA/cm²), initial pH(5,7, and 10), the temperature of the simulated solution(25⁰C and 35 ⁰C), and electrolysis time was studied. The highest removal efficiency of 80.183%, 99.21%, and 98.06% for calcium, silica, and magnesium ions, respectively, were obtained at a current de

Granular  Pile  Anchor  (GPA)  is  one  of  the  innovative  foundation  techniques,  devised  for mitigating heave of footing resulting from the expansive soils. This research attempts to study the heave behavior of (GPA-Foundation System) in expansive soil. Laboratory tests have been conducted on an experimental model in addition to a series of numerical modeling and analysis using the finite element package PLAXIS software. The effects of different parameters, such as (GPA) length (L) and diameter (D), footing diameter (B), expansive clay layer thickness (H) and presence of non-expansive clay are studied. The results proved the efficiency of (GPA) in reducing the heave of exp

This paper attempted to study the effect of cutting parameters (spindle speed and feed rate) on delamination phenomena during the drilling glass-polyester composites. Drilling process was done by CNC machine with 10 mm diameter of high-speed steel (HSS) drill bit. Taguchi technique with L16 orthogonal layout was used to analyze the effective parameters on delamination factor. The optimal experiment was no. 13 with spindle speed 1273 rpm and feed 0.05 mm/rev with minimum delamination factor 1.28.                                       &

Many attacks may be carried out against communications in Local Area Networks (LANs). However, these attacks can be prevented, or detected, by providing confidentiality, authentication, and data integrity security services to the exchanged data. This paper introduces a security system that protects a LAN from security attacks. On each host in the protected LAN, the security system transparently intercepts each outbound IP (Internet Protocol) packet, and inserts a crypto header between the packet IP header and payload. This header is used to detect any modification to the content of the packet in transit, and to detect replayed packets. Then, the system encrypts the IP packet payload and some fields of the inserted crypto header. On the o

Shatt Al-Arab River in Al Basrah, Iraq, has recently recorded massive levels of TDS values (Total Dissolved Solids) in the water as a result of reduced fresh water discharge from sources, causing the river to become salinized due to salt wedge intrusion. Therefore, a block dam in the south reach is required to salt intrusion prevention. The main objective of this research is to simulate the hydraulic impact of a suggested barrage in Ras Al Besha on the Shatt Al-Arab River. The HEC-RAS (5.0.7) model was used to develop a one-dimensional unsteady model to gaining an understanding of the proposed barrage's influence on river behaviour. The daily discharges of the Tigris River provided as the upstream boundary conditions, wh

Ex-situ bioremediation of 2,4-D herbicide-contaminated soil was studied using a slurry bioreactor operate at aerobic conditions. The performance of the slurry bioreactor was tested for three types of soil (sand, sandy loam and clay) contaminated with different concentration of 2,4-D, 200,300and500mg/kg soil. Sewage sludge was used as an inexpensive source of microorganisms which is available in large quantities in wastewater treatment plants. The results show that all biodegradation experiments demonstrated a significant decreases in 2,4-D concentration in the tested soils. The degradation efficiency in the slurry bioreactor decreases as the initial concentration of 2,4-D in the soils increases.A 100 % removal was achieved at initial con

The conversion of nC5-nC7 over 0.32wt%Pt/HY-Zeolite catalyst was studied with temperature range 240-270ºC, liquid hourly space velocity range 1-3h-1, hydrogen to n-alkane mole ratio 8-24 and atmospheric total pressure. The effect of the PH2, PnC5, PnC6, and PnC7 orders on the overall reaction rate was studied. For nC7, the reaction order with respect to hydrogen varied between -0.998 and -0.948 while with respect to nC7 varied between 0.154 and 0.156. For nC6, the reaction order varied between -0.811 and -0.808 while with respect to nC6 varied between 0.332 and 0.337. For nC5, the reaction order with respect to hydrogen varied between -0.652 and -0.620 while the reaction order with respect to nC5 was varied between 0.336 and 0.339. The

An adaptive sliding mode control (SMC) based on PWM and an observer scheme for predicting the state of charge (SOC) of lithium-ion batteries is proposed. The control scheme is developed for a dc-dc buck converter used in regulated charge control of lithium-ion batteries. Unlike many estimation schemes where the converter’s output voltage is predetermined and the nonlinearities ignored, the proposed scheme estimates the buck converter’s output voltage, SOC, and nonlinearities in terms of errors in parameters. The stability of the proposed scheme is guaranteed by the Lyapunov method. The simulation was carried out in the Simulink in the MATLAB environment to transition from constant current charging mode to constant vo

Concrete is globally considered the most utilized material in the world after water. Because of the increased demand for this critical material in the construction sector, researchers tend to enhance its properties by adding different additives, substituting with different pozzolanic materials (such as silica fume, glass powder, or any substance with pozzolanic activity), or changing curing methods to obtain concrete with better properties that could be employed in different applications. One of these methods is using magnetic water either by adding it to the concrete mix or by using it to cure concrete to produce concrete with improved mechanical properties. In this study, a group of articles related to the usage of mag

Straight and camber beams in portal frames [Footings + Columns + Beams] were studied. Deflection for period of fourteen hours in a day was measured for ten days. Peak value of deflection within a day is predicted for each one of the beams under a sustained load uniformly distributed. It is suggested that the load test is to be performed during critical period, within a day, that gives peak deflection.

This study uses load factor and loss factor to determine the power losses of the electrical feeders. An approach is presented to calculate the power losses in the distribution system. The feeder’s technical data and daily operation recorded data are used to calculate and analyze power losses.

This paper presents more realistic method for calculating the power losses based on load and loss factors instead of the traditional methods of calculating the power losses that uses the RMS value of the load current which not consider the load varying with respect to the time. Eight 11kV feeders are taken as a case study for our work to calculate load factor, loss factor and power losses. Four of them (F40, F42, F43 and F

New fast sealed lead acid (SLA) battery chargers must be able to charge the fully discharged
batteries in a short time. In the same time, the charger must monitor the battery state of health in
order to prevent over charge and to extend the battery life time.
In this paper a Fast charger was presented to charge SLA batteries in short time and monitor the
battery voltage to prevent over charge. The design was implemented practically. And 150 charger of
similar type was produced for commercial use. They are now in service in different Mobile base
station sites around Baghdad. It can charge a fully discharged 12V, 4.5Ah battery in less than 5
hours. To supply PLC control system on DC power to about 24 hour of continuous

This study investigates the effects of the presences of harmonics in the exciting voltage
when using a dc/ac inverter on the performance of a single-phase induction motor, the
investigation includes theoretical and experimental parts and together with performance
comparison of the motor with the nominal sinusoidal input voltage. The computed
performance of the motor depend on the theoretical equivalent circuits which are modified
to take into account the existence of harmonics in the inverter output to compute the
performance at each harmonic order. It conclude from the analysis that the pulsating torque
is inherent in single-phase induction motor even when supplied from a sinusoidal voltage
source. Particular att

The aim of the present research is to study the potentiality of Iraqi bentonite as adsorbent for removing of kerosene from wastewater. Also the capacity of bentonite for kerosene removal was compared to the activated carbon capacity. The sorption of kerosene onto bentonite and AC. were described by two well – known adsorption isotherm models namely Langmuir and Freundlich models. It was found that the Freundlich model can fit very well the equilibrium isotherm adsorption of kerosene onto bentonite and AC. Batch experiments were carried out to study the effect of adsorption of kerosene onto bentonite using various conditions such as initial concentrations of kerosene ( 100-500 ) mg/L, agitation speeds (125, 250, 500, 800) RPM, and weigh

This paper introduces enhanced filtered channels in the suggested design of the optical communication system formed for 5G mobile communication over optical fiber. The main goal is to overcome the limited bandwidth of radio wave systems and to enable high-data-rate transmission. The dense wavelength division multiplexing based on the radio-over-fiber (DWDM-RoF) system has succeeded in satisfying a high data rate of 0.64 Tbps by a multichannel filtered system through a 180 km distance within the C-Band through a multichannel filtered approach. The design includes 64 filtered channels with an optimized bandpass filter (BPF), making unprecedented channel convergence possible. The system transmits at low power 0 dBm (1.0 mW)

This study aims to show, the strength of steel beam-concrete slab system without using shear connectors (known as a non-composite action), where the effect of the friction force between the concrete slab and the steel beam has been investigated, by using finite element simulation.

The proposed finite element model has been verified based on comparison with an experimental work. Then, the model was adopted to study the system strength with a different steel beam and concrete slab profile. ABAQUS has been adopted in the preparation of all numerical models for this study.

After validation of the numerical models, a parametric study was conducted, with linear and non-linear Regression analysis. An equation re

The paper uses the Direct Synthesis (DS) method for tuning the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller for controlling the DC servo motor. Two algorithms are presented for enhancing the performance of the suggested PID controller. These algorithms are Back-Propagation Neural Network and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The performance and characteristics of DC servo motor are explained. The simulation results that obtained by using Matlab program show that the steady state error is eliminated with shorter adjusted time when using these algorithms with PID controller. A comparative between the two algorithms are described in this paper to show their effectiveness, which is found that the PSO algorithm gives be

This research presents and discuss the results of experimental investigation carried out on geogrids model to study the behavior of geogrid in the loose sandy soil. The effect of location eccentricity, depth of first layer of reinforcement, vertical spacing, number and type of reinforcement layers have been investigated. The results indicated that the percentage of bearing improvement a bout (22 %) at number of reinforced layers N=1 and about (47.5%) at number of reinforced layers N=2 for different Eccentricity values when depth ratio and vertical spacing between layers are (0.5B and 0.75B) respectively.

Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate (SLES) with five different concentrations (from 50 to 100 ppm) were used as drag reducer. This surfactant was studied using gasoil with seven different fluid flow rates (from 1.9 to 4.5 m3 /h) and a testing section length of 4 m. Percentage drag reduction (%Dr) was found to increase by increasing the surfactant concentration and Reynolds number. Maximum drag
reduction (45.5%) was acheved by using 300 ppm of SLES dissolved in gas oil for flow rate equals to 4.5 m3 /h. Friction factor was calculated from the experimental data. For pure solvent; friction factor values lies near or at Blasuis asymptote. While, by producing the surfactants into the flow, the friction factor values were positioned below Blasius

Semi-analytical solution for the resistance of the flow and convective heat and mass transfer over the surface of ellipsoidal bubble and a drop were obtained. The fluid flow solution utilized the viscous dissipation and the heat transfer solution was based on the integral method. New relations for the drag force and the convective heat and mass transfer coefficients were derived and compared with the available theoretical solutions and experimental correlations. The range of Reynoks number was from I to 100 and Weber number from 0 to 3.23.