This paper describes the application of consensus optimization for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) system. Consensus algorithm is usually conducted within a certain number of iterations for a given graph topology. Nevertheless, the best Number of Iterations (NOI) to reach consensus is varied in accordance with any change in number of nodes or other parameters of . graph topology. As a result, a time consuming trial and error procedure will necessary be applied
to obtain best NOI. The implementation of an intellig ent optimization can effectively help to get the optimal NOI. The performance of the consensus algorithm has considerably been improved by the inclusion of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). As a case s

   Finite element method is the most widely numerical technique used in engineering field. Through the study of behavior of concrete material properties, various concrete constitutive laws  and failure criteria have been developed to model the behavior of concrete. A feature of the Finite Element program (ATENA) is used in this study to model the behavior of UHPC corbel under concentrated load only. The Finite Element (FE) model is followed by verification against experimental results. Some variable effects on the shear capacity of the UHPC corbels are also demonstrated in a parametric study. A proposed design equation of shear strength of UHPC corbel was presented and checked with numerical results.
 

Microbial fuel cell is a device that uses the microorganism metabolism for the production of electricity under specific operating conditions. Double chamber microbial fuel cell was tested for the use of two cheap electrode materials copper and aluminum for the production of electricity under different operating conditions. The investigated conditions were concentration of microorganism (yeast) (0.5- 2 g/l), solutions temperature (33-45 ^oC) and concentration of glucose as a substrate (1.5- 6 g/l). The results demonstrated that copper electrode exhibit good performance while the performance of aluminum is poor. The electricity is generated with and without the addition of substrate. Addition of glucose substrate

It is often needed to have circuits that can display the decimal representation of a binary number and specifically in this paper on a 7-segment display. In this paper a circuit that can display the decimal equivalent of an n-bit binary number is designed and it’s behavior is described using Verilog Hardware Descriptive Language (HDL).
This HDL program is then used to configure an FPGA to implement the designed circuit.

Planning for a city with human identity considers the needs of human being that exist in the traditional cities where it was so easy creating place there, on the other hand, modern cities refuse these values and reduce the human characters of urban fabric elements , and the searching for the concept of " Urban Coherence " considers the knowledge about urban theory, especially Morphological attitudes finding three sides of making the coherence of dense urban fabric which are " Functional Complementarily , Formal Complementarily ,

Contextual complementarily “and the differentiation of these sides within the variety of spatial structural patterns between the organic type of traditional city and the gridiron type of modern city. To

Constructional Efficiency in architecture in general is one of the most important standard success for any structure and a measure of its continuity and relevance across time and space. Given the importance of Al-Ahwaar environment that owned the spatial, environmental, economic and social elements had a prominent impact in creation of architecture patterns form to create special architectural and structural environment, which had many qualities and ingredients that contributed to its continuity and existence over the years. From the premise that man and his environment is the main goal to any architectural style,

Thus the research problem focusing on the lack of clarity of the previous literatures in its st

This paper is devoted to investigate experimentally and theoretically the structural behavior of reinforced concrete hollow beams which have internal transverse ribs under effect of shear. The number of the internal ribs is the major variable adopted in this research, while, the other variables are kept constant for all tested specimens. The experimental part includes poured and test of four (200x300x1200mm) beam specimens, three of these specimens were hollow with different locations of internal ribs and one of them was solid. The experimental results indicated that the shear strength are increased (33%) to (60%) for beams containing internal ribs in comparison with reference beam. Also, the change of beam state from ho

Modern manufacturing enterprises are increasingly faced with fierce international competition and fluctuating market conditions. To gain flexibility from a functional manufacturing system and efficiency from mass production, group technology has emerged as an effective compromise between the two. Identification and grouping of parts, that share similar processes into cells, is the basic problem in the design of cellular manufacturing systems. The design of cellular manufacturing systems is a complex, multi- criteria and multi -step process which can have significant implication for the entire organization. The formation of machine cell and part families have a number of constraints such as number of cells, cell size, technological requir

The investigation-included experiments were conducted to investigate the local and average mixed

convection heat transfer coefficient for thermally developing and fully developed hydrodynamically laminar airflow in an inclined annulus. The experimental setup, using an aluminum annulus having a radius ratio of (0.41) and the inner tube with a heated length of (0.85m) with constant wall heat flux boundary conditions. The investigation covered Reynolds number range from (332 to 1128) and heat flux varied from (82w/m² to 545w/m2). The air is developed hydrodynamically by using the entrance section annulus (calming section) having the same inner and outer diameter as a test section but with variable lengths. The entrance sections inc

The parameters of resistance spot welding (RSW) performed on low strength commercial aluminum sheets are investigated experimentally, the performance requirements and weldability issues were driven the choice of a specific aluminum alloy that was AA1050. RSW aluminum alloys has a major problem of inconsistent quality from weld to weld comparing with welding steel
alloys sheet, due to the higher thermal conductivity, higher thermal expansion, narrow plastic temperature range, and lower electrical resistivity. Much effort has been devoted to the study of describing the relation between the parameters of the process (welding current, welding time, and electrode force) and weld strength. Shear-tensile strength tests were performed to ind

This study offers numerical simulation results using the ABAQUS/CAE version 2019 finite element computer application to examine the performance, and residual strength of eight recycle aggregate RC one-way slabs. Six strengthened by NSM CFRP plates were presented to study the impact of several parameters on their structural behavior. The experimental results of four selected slabs under monotonic load, plus one slab under repeated load, were validated numerically. Then the numerical analysis was extended to different parameters investigation, such as the impact of added CFRP length on ultimate load capacity and load-deflection response and the impact of concrete compressive strength value on the structural performance of

In this paper. the dynamic response of Ruttha sand with different relative densities is studied by using equivalent linear model

The equivalent linear model is adopted in which the soil properties are strain dependent but cycle independent. The shear modulus tends to decrease as the shear strain increases, while the damping ratio tends to increase as the shear strain increases The computer program SHAKE, developed at the University of California, Berkley, is used for predicting and analyzing the problem. The study reached that the magnitude of the acceleration is increasing as the relative density is decreasing and the natural frequency of the structures that would be built on Al- Ruttba soil must ot be equal to (4 c/sec.) to avo

A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes, that forms on the fly a temporary wireless multi-hop network in a self-organizing way, without relying on any established infrastructure. In MANET, a pair of nodes exchange messages either over a direct wireless link, or over a sequence of wireless links including one or more intermediate nodes. For this purpose, an efficient routing protocol is required. This paper introduced performance study of three of MANET protocols (AODV, GRP and OSPFv3). This study was one of the newer studies because wireless communication played an important role in today’s application and the field of mobile ad hoc network becomes very popular for the researchers in the last years. This study w

Presented in this paper is a series of bending moment influence surfaces for concrete rectangular plates simply supported at three edges and built-in at the fourth edge. The solutions are obtained analytically on the basis of thin plate's theory with small deflection using double Fourier series. The influence surfaces are presented for two observation points namely the center of the plate as well as the midpoint of the built-in edge. A computer program was written in FORTRAN language to generate the influence surfaces making use of the developed analytical solutions of this work. The validity of the computer solution was confirmed by comparing its results with published results for zero Poisson's ratio and excellent agreement was obtaine

The objective of this research is to present the numerical analysis of deep foundation system namely controlled modulus columns (CMC) for support of embankments. This paper describes the analysis modeling used for CMC foundation system using the finite element method. The elasto-plastic finite element model used to simulate the embankment soil foundation has been verified against field data. The results obtained from this study showed that the effect of CMC could be negligible when the soil strength increased in terms of its angle of internal friction. With low values of internal friction angle, the CMC reduce the potential of surface deformation about 12%. The values of surface deformation decreased with column diameter until it reach c

The effect of temperature ( 30,40,50,and 600C) on the polarization resistance (Rp) has been
analyzed for the corrosion of carbon steel in 1,3, and 5N HCl solution in absence & presence of
phenylthiourea(PHTU) as corrosion inhibitor.The polarization resistance was measured at above
mentioned conditions using BETACRUNCH program developed by Green and Gandi[Green,1982]. i.e; Values of applied current densities at potentials of +20,+10,-10 mv and then -20,+10,-10mV(SCE) from corrosion potentials were used to obtain corrosion parameters: iCorr ,ba bc followed by applying the equation: Rp = ( ba bc )/ 2.303 x iCorr.( ba + bc ).It is observed that: (i) for a certain acid concentration the polarization resistance decreased with incr

The traditional technique of generating MPSK signals is basically to use IQ modulator that involves analog processing like multiplication and addition where inaccuracies may exist and would lead to imbalance problems that affects the output modulated signal and hence the overall performance of the system. In this paper, a simple method is presented for generating the MPSK using logic circuits that basically generated M-carrier signals each carrier of different equally spaced phase shift. Then these carriers are time multiplexed, according to the data symbols, into the output modulated signal.

A reinforced concrete frame is referred as "RIGID FRAMES". However, researches indicate that the Beam-Column joint (BCJ) is definitely not rigid. In addition, extensive research shows that failure may occur at the joint instead of in the beam or the column. Joint failure is known to be a catastrophic type which is difficult to repair.
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of hoops and column axial load on the shear strength of high-strength fiber reinforced Beam-Column Joints by using a numerical model based on finite element method using computer program ANSYS (Version 11.0). The variables are: diameter of hoops and magnitude of column axial load.
The theoretical results obtained from ANSYS program are in a good a

In order to reduce the environmental pollution associated with the conventional energy sources and to achieve the increased global energy demand, alterative and renewable sustainable energy sources need to be developed. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent a bio-electrochemical innovative technology for pollution control and a simultaneous sustainable energy production from biodegradable, reduced compounds. This study mainly considers the performance of continuous up flow dual-chambers MFC
fueled with actual domestic wastewater and bio-catalyzed with anaerobic aged sludge obtained from an aged septic tank. The performance of MFCs was mainly evaluated in terms of COD reductions and electrical power output. Results revealed that the C

Static behavior of three partially encased composite steel beams with cambering under flexural condition is investigated in the context of studying some alternative positions for the headed studs. Shear resistance between the cambered I-shaped beam and the concrete was provided by headed studs in two positions: vertically welded on the bottom flange and horizontally welded on the faces of the web. In the present study, a nonlinear three-dimensional finite element analysis has been used to predict the load-deflection and moment-rotation behaviors of composite encased beams consisting of steel sections using the finite element computer program (ANSYS V. 10). Composite encased beams are analyzed and a comparison is
made with available ex

Autonomous systems are these systems which power themselves from the available ambient energies in addition to their duties. In the next few years, autonomous systems will pervade society and they will find their ways into different applications related to health, security, comfort and entertainment. Piezoelectric harvesters are possible energy converters which can be used to convert the available ambient vibration energy into electrical energy. In this contribution, an energy harvesting cantilever array with magnetic tuning including three piezoelectric bimorphs is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Other than harvester designs proposed before, this array is easy to manufacture and insensitive to manufacturi

The static characteristics of porous floating ring journal bearing under hydrodynamic
lubrication condition when operating with an improved boundary conditions are theoretically
analyzed. An isothermal finite bearing theory was adopted during this analysis. The effect of
different parameters, namely, permeability, geometrical dimensions of the ring and the bearing are
considered. It was assumed that oil is supplied through the outside diameter of the bearing under
low supply pressure. The angular extent of the oil – film formed in journal – ring and ring – bearing
oil films was obtained by applying the integral momentum equation at the leading edge of the oil –
film to define the beginning of the oil e

The effective stress method is developed to predict the axial capacity of piles in clay. This
method is based on the principle that, at failure, the available shear resistance at the pile soil
interface is related to the mean normal effective stress at the pile face and the effective stress
friction angle for the soil sliding on the pile material.
In this paper, the coupled non-linear finite element method is used to analyze some pile-soil
interaction problems. This computer program ( CRISP ) is used for this task. Eight- node
isoparametric elements were used for displacements while four- node elements are used for
pore pressure. Interface elements are used to simulate the interaction between the pile and the

This paper deals with an up to date problem for oil and gas industry- separation of the gas -fluid fogs. Here is described the worked out physical model of the gas movement process in the sections of the inertial filtering (IF) gas separators. One can find the mathematical model for research of the fields of velocities and pressures in the inertial curvilinear channel. The main simplifications and assumptions are explained. This mathematical model has been made using mathematical program Maple and it is received the 3-d graphic of the distribution componential speed parts in the channel and also 2-d graphics at the channel sectional view when the flow is flat. The new method for gas - fluid systems separation is suggested.

In this work an experimental study is performed to evaluate the thermal performance
of locally made closed loop solar hot water system using a shell and helical coiled tube
heat exchanger as a storage tank. Several measurements are taken include inlet and outlet
temperatures of both collectors and supply water and temperature distribution within the
storage tank. This is beside the water flow rate in both collectors and load cycle. The
main parameters of the system are obtained.

In this research the results of applying Artificial Neural Networks with modified activation function to
perform the online and offline identification of four Degrees of Freedom (4-DOF) Selective Compliance
Assembly Robot Arm (SCARA) manipulator robot will be described. The proposed model of
identification strategy consists of a feed-forward neural network with a modified activation function that
operates in parallel with the SCARA robot model. Feed-Forward Neural Networks (FFNN) which have
been trained online and offline have been used, without requiring any previous knowledge about the
system to be identified. The activation function that is used in the hidden layer in FFNN is a modified
version of the wavelet func

Theoretical and experimental investigations have been carried out on developing laminar
combined free and forced convection heat transfer in a vertical concentric annulus with uniformly
heated outer cylinder (constant heat flux) and adiabatic inner cylinder for both aiding and opposing
flows. The theoretical investigation involved a mathematical modeling and numerical solution for
two dimensional, symmetric, simultaneously developing laminar air flows was achieved. The
governing equations of motion (continuity, momentum and energy) are solved by using implicit
finite difference method and the Gauss elimination technique. The theoretical work covers heat flux
range from (200 to 1500) W/m2, Re range from 400 to 2000 an

تعمل أطقم الأسنان النظيفة على تعزيز صحة المريض، وطول عمر طقم الأسنان، ونوعية الحياة العامة عن طريق منع التلوث المتبادل. يجب ألا يؤدي أسلوب التنظيف الفعال إلى إتلاف المواد الأساسية للطقم. تبحث هذه الدراسة في صلابة وامتصاص الأشعة فوق البنفسجية وامتصاص الماء وقابلية ذوبان راتنج الأكريليك المعالج بالحرارة بعد 180 مرة من الغمر في منظف طقم الأسنان بزيت شجرة الشاي. تم إجراء تسعين عينة من راتينج الأكر