In this study the faunistic of lady beetles (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) was studied in Mehriz region (Yazd province) during 2009-2010. The total number of specimens of coccinellid beetles were collected from 6 different localities having altitudes from 1420-2420 m. Altogether 11 species from 8 genera, 3 tribes and 3 subfamilies were collected and identified. External characters plus characteristics male and female genitalia were used in order to diagnose species. Seven species were recorded for the first time from Yazd province (marked^*). Many species were predacious, preying on various species of aphids, mites and coccids. Some species were also sent to Dr. Helmut Fursch in Germany for identification or confirmation. T

    Basrah province is situated at the extreme south of Iraq,  it has an interesting reptile fauna (Squamata and Serpentes) and represents a land bridge between three different zoogeographical regions ( Oriental, Palaearctic and  Ethiopian).

     This situation gave Basrah province a topographic specific opportunity for raising its own faunal diversity including reptiles; in this study Basrah province was divided into four main zones: the cities and orchards, marshes and wetlands (sabkha), the true dessert, the seashore and Shat Al-Arab.

Forty nine reptile species were recorded including snakes, sea and fresh water turtles, and Lizards; brief notes and descriptions for the rare

The field efficacy of Actellic (organophosphate), Neporex (insect growth regulator) and
Ficam (carbamate), at the application rates of 2-4, 0.4-0.8 and 0.1-0.2 g AI/m2 respectively,
was studied against the larvae of Musca domestica L. Results of treatments involving horse
manure indicated that Actellic and Neporex produced sharp decrease of larval numbers (close
to zero) for 21d. But there was a slight recovery in larval numbers 14 d following treatment
with Ficam. The populations of predator mites were not affected due to insecticidal
applications.

Twelve species of Tubuliferous thrips, of the family Phlaeothripidae had been reported from Iraq. Two of these were reported previously, Haplothrips cerealis Priesner, by El-Haidari and Daoud 1971 and Haplothrips tritici kurdjumov by Al-Ali 1977 and the rest were recorded for the first time: these are Haplothrips hukkineni Priesner; Haplothrips subtilissimus (Haliday); Haplothrips reuteri Karny; Haplothrips jasonis Priesner; Haplothrips sallloumensis Priesner; Haplothrips pharao Priesner; Phlaeothrips sycomri Priesner; Karnyothrips flavipus (Jones); Karnyothrips melaleucus (Bagnall); Dolicholepta micrurus (Bagnall). Number of insec

Phenomena of an abnormal genitalia was among some specimens of Cicindela aulica Dej.
Collected from Iraq. The fore tarsi of male were asymmetrical having its basal three segments
dilated and clothed beneath with fine bristles as in normal male. While those of the right leg
were found simple as in normal females. Dissection of the genialia of these specimens
showed that they were of two types of both male and female structures.

This study was conducted on species composition, morphology, ecological characteristics, biotope distribution, ecological groups, biodiversity indicators and zoogeography of leeches and gastropods distributed in the lower Ak-Buura River. According to the results, it was found that 7 species of leeches belonging to 4 families and 6 genera and 10 species of fresh-water gastropods belonging to 3 families and 6 genera live in the lower Ak-Buura River. In the river, it was observed that leeches are mainly distributed in muddy biotopes, and gastropods are widespread in muddy, stony and sandy biotopes with a lot of plants. Biodiversity indices of leeches and gastropods in the Ak-Buura River were analyzed using the Shannon index. As a result, it

Micromorphological characters of petals in 8 genera representing 12 taxa of Bignoniaceae from Egypt were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate their taxonomic importance in petal epidermal micromorphology, including epidermal cell types (areolate, papillose conical, and areolate mixed with papillose conical), trichome types (non-glandular; funnel shape, flexible and stiff-bristly, and glandular; peltate, capitate, cupular, stipitate, and patelli-form), trichome ornamentation (striate, verucate, and smooth, and stomata on both the abaxial and adaxial surfaces. Stomata are present in all species except Jacaranda acutifolia Humb. & Bonpl., 1806 and Markhamia zanzibarica (Bojer ex DC.) K. Schum., 1895. We used

The snappers (Lutjanid fish) are an important food source for the Iraqi people. Three
species of lutjanid fishes- the Blackspot snapper Lutjanus ehrenbergii (Peters, 1869), Dory
snapper L. fulviflamma (Forsskål, 1775) and L. indicus Allen, White & Erdmann, 2013 were
caught from Iraqi marine waters in the Arabian Gulf during 2024. The Blackspot snapper L.
ehrenbergii and the Dory snapper L. fulviflamma were found to be infested with both
Euryhaliotrema adelpha Kritsky & Justine in Kritsky, 2012 (reported here as a new host) and
E. spirotubiforum (Zhang, 2001) Wu, Zhu, Xie & Li, 2006. L. indicus was infested only with
E. spirotubiforum which is reported here for the first time from this host species and th

This study examines the Al-Ashaali drainage basin, a watershed in the southern Iraqi desert,
which constitutes a hydro-geomorphological system within the lower valleys region according
to Iraq's geomorphological classification. The study uses a digital elevation model to classify
the landforms of the watershed. Landform maps from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
(SRTM) were combined with topographic maps to understand the formation of landforms.
Geospatial simulation models were developed to create a simplified geomorphological base
map. The data was analyzed utilizing ArcGIS software, which included color mapping tools,
topographic maps, as well as geological and hydrological maps. The study aims to enhance
t

We examined morphological variations in Carabus granulatus L., 1758 (Coleoptera,
Carabidae) populations across different habitats in the Kaluga Region. Discriminant analysis
revealed subtle but significant morphological differences between populations, with pronotum
length being the key discriminating trait. Morphological variability was primarily driven by
historical microevolutionary processes rather than direct phenotypic adaptation to specific
habitats. Local ecological factors, such as microclimate and resource availability, had a
greater influence on morphometric traits than the general habitat type. Populations in the
eastern part of the Kaluga Region exhibited smaller body sizes due to intensive forest use.

A survey and identification were made of edible mushrooms from Salah Al Din Province,
central of Iraq, were conducted. The species were identified according to macroscopic
characteristics, such as the size, shape, color, and surface texture of the cap; the color of the
gills and their attachment to the stipe, if any, the number of pores per millimeter; and the color,
size , and surface texture of the stipe. Other features noted included the presence or absence
of the annulus and volva; Microscopic characteristics were also examined, including the size
of the basidium and the number of its spores; the color, size, and shape of the spores; the size,
shape, and type of cystidia, and whether cystidia were present or abse

Birds are exposed to infection by various ectoparasites, including chewing lice (Order:
Phthiraptera), which affect nearly all avian species. The present study aimed to diagnose the
species of lice parasitizing poultry using morphological traits, and molecular analysis (PCR).
Additionally, the study included the construction of a phylogenetic tree of the among the
species sequenced on the basis of genetic sequencing by using 18S rRNA. The survey was
conducted during the period from November 2023 to October 2024. A total of 300 chickens
and pigeons were examined from different locations in Basrah Province. In the study, four
species were recorded, and registered in GenBank with the following accession numbers:
PQ63

The primary aim of this investigation is to update the taxonomy of the genus Paeonia
L.,1753 (Paeoniaceae) in Iraq based on morphological characteristics, anatomical features,
ecological notes, and geographic distribution using, geographic information systems (GIS).
The results showed that the genus in Iraq contains only one subspecies, P. mascula subsp.
mascula (L.) Mill.,1768 a perennial herbs less than 80 cm tall with ascending, cylindrical,
glabrous stems, showy flowers, and underground carrot-shaped tuber roots. Anatomical
analysis reveals anomocytic stomata with an elliptical or rectangular apparatus, a
hypostomatic leaf, a stomatal index of 26.2%, and a stomatal density of 51 per mm2. A crosssection
of the

The taxonomic features of the Casuarinaceae family were carefully examined to determine
which characters were most trustworthy for taxonomic delimitation. Morphological
characteristics that represented habit, leaf teeth, article, phyllichnia, male spike, female cone,
samara, and seed were used in our evaluation. Fieldwork revealed that seven taxa were
present, among which four species belonged to the genus Casuarina L., 1759. On the other
hand, herbarium studies identified the previous record of three species belonging to the genus
Allocasuarina L.A.S. Johnson, 1982, nevertheless could not be found in the field. Casuarina
cunninghamiana Miq., 1848 and Casuarina equisetifolia L., 1759 were represented in Egypt
by t

The humid and warm conditions in greenhouses provide an excellent environment for
pests’ living conditions, and therefore, they provide ideal medium for alien introductions.
Molluscs are among the most significant pests that infest plastic covered greenhouses. To
identify and report their mollusc species, 23 greenhouses in Iraq were surveyed between
March 2023 and April 2024. Of these, 11 were found to be infested with snails. A total of 158
specimens were collected and morphologically identified to seven species: Monacha
obstructa (L. Pfeiffer, 1842), Eobania vermiculata (O.F. Müller, 1774), Xeropicta krynickii
(Krynicki, 1833), Rumina decollata (Linnaeus, 1758), Polygyra cereolus (Megerle Von
Mühlfeld, 1818)

A rhabditid Mesorhabditis franseni Fuchs, 1933 (Family, Mesorhabditidae) and
pratylenchid nematode Pratylenchus goodeyi Sher and Allen, 1953 (Family, Pratylenchidae).
They were illustrated by molecular aspects. All specimens of both genera were cultured and
reproduced for DNA extraction. M. franseni (IRQ.ZAh2 PP528819.1 isolate) was
characterized. P. goodeyi (IRQ.ZAh5 PP535537 isolate) was also characterized. Selected
specimens of these two species were molecularly characterized using the partial ITS-rRNA
gene sequences. The ITS-rRNA sequence of IRQ.ZAh2 PP528819.1 isolate had a range of
(98.62%-100%) sequence homology with ITS-rRNA sequence of M. franseni available in
NCBI database. While, the ITS-rRNA sequence o

The aim of the current investigation is to study the embryogenesis of the pseudobranchia
(PB) in the Eastern mosquito fish Gambusia holbrooki, Girard, 1859 (Cyprinodontiformes,
Poeciliidae). Histological sections from 2-4 mm long embryos revealed the presumable PB as
a cell mass surrounded by a row of squamous cells in the operculum, as well as the formation
of cartilage and blood vessels, and the beginning of the formation of its lamellae. In 5-7.75
mm long embryos, a prominent rise appeared in the mass of cells and PB lamellae, along with
an increase in melanin deposition around the blood vessels. Moreover, a row of squamous
cells encircled the rise from the front and back. At this stage, the parallel arrangement o

The checklist of Iraqi Crabronid wasps has been updated due to this work. A total of 67
species are listed belonging to 29 genera, across 10 tribes within five subfamilies. The species
distribution is also provided, and an identification key was developed to differentiate the high
taxa.

Leeches are a group of segmented worms that play important roles in aquatic environment
based on diversity, and abundance feeding habits. A total of 144 specimens of the leech were
collected from two sites in Babylon Province on the Euphrates River including S1 in Al-
Musayyib city site and S2 in Shatt Al-Hillah site, during the period from March 2023 to May
2024. Specimens were examined morphologically and by molecular analysis of genomic
DNA, using to amplification of the conserved 18S rRNA encoding gene and universal primers
ITS1 and ITS4, some environmental variables were measured, including water and air
temperature (°C), pH, Electrical conductivity EC (μs ̸ cm), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) and
Turbidity,

The current study aimed to identify the morphological, histological, and histochemical
composition of the proventriculus and the gizzard of the slender-billed gull Chroicocephalus
genei (Breme, 1839) (Aves, Charadriiformes, Laridae) using a light microscope.
Morphological analysis revealed that the stomach of the bird is divided into proventriculus
and gizzard. The proventriculus is situated to the left of the body's midline and is completely
encompassed by the liver's left lobe, and appears pear-shaped or elongated oval and has
smooth walls. The gizzard has a pear-shaped muscular organ and is located to the left of the
midline in the lower quarter of the abdominal cavity. The results of histological examination
s

    A survey of fish species in the Iraqi marine waters was carried out for the period from November 2014 to March 2018. The list included 214 species representing 75 families.

     The family Carangidae dominated the marine fishes in Iraq, which was represented by 24 species, followed by Haemulidae with 11 species, and then Serranidae and Sparidae with nine species for each, while 34 families contained a single species only.

The study aimed to survey mushroom species from fields among herbs, palm trunks, and
trees in central Iraq and to identify them on the basis of morphological and molecular
characteristics. As a molecular identification result with polymerase chain reaction six
species were recorded (with eight isolates): Agaricus bitorquis (Quéllt) Saccardo. 1887
(SHA14); Candolleomyces candolleanus (Fr.) D. Wächter & Melzer, 2020 (SHA15);
Cyclocybe cylindracea (D.C.) Vizzini & Angelini, 2014 (SHA13); Leucoagaricus hesperius
Vellinga, 2010 (SHA16); Volvariella sp. (SHA17), and Volvopluteus gloiocephalus (D. C.)
Vizzini, Contu & Justo, 2011 (SHA10, SHA101 and SHA12), belonging to four families of
Basidiomycetes: Agari

By using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the pollen grains and foliar epidermal morphology of four species and two varieties of Egyptian Oxalis Linnaeus, 1753 belonging to three sections of the subgenus Oxalis Linnaeus, 1753 were studied. The objective was to determine the importance of pollen and foliar epidermal characters as taxonomic evidence. The current study revealed that the pollen grains of all taxa examined are monads, radially symmetric, isopolar, and of medium size; the shape varied from sub-spheroidal to subprolate. The pollen apertures were tricolpate with ornamented colpal membranes (rugulate, warty, congregated granules). Exine is semi-tectate, with micro-reticulate to reticulate ornamentatio

This paper provides an identification key to the species of Orthetrum Newman, 1833 (Odonata, Libellulidae), including six species that were collected from different localities in Iraq.

    The species of O. anceps (Schneider, 1845) is registered as a new record in Iraq; the most important characters which are used in diagnostic key are included

    The environmental contamination by the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, and Cd) concentrations in the leaves of plant Eucalyptus camaldulensis were determined at the city of Kirkuk in 15 selected locations using GPS. The pickings up of samples were carried out in two periods October 2010 and March 2011. Compared with results of other studies, the concentration levels of determined heavy metals show values within these studies results. The average total concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the leaves of Plant Eucalyptus camaldulensis indicated 37.1 ppb in October, while in March 165.2 ppb.

    The mode

    The aim of this work is to study the histological and histochemical structure of the Harderian gland in indigenous pigeons. Samples were obtained from 10 males and 10 females of adult healthy pigeons. Hematoxylin and eosin, Alcian blue (pH 2.5), periodic acid-Schiff and promo phenol blue, stains were used for paraffin section examination. The gland was teardrop like in shape, light brown to pink in color, capsulated with thin connective tissue. It was multilobular compound acinotubular in structure and lined by columnar epithelial cells. Lymphocyte, plasma cells and plasma cells with Russell bodies were present underneath the epithelia of central collecting duct and around the secretory unite. Histochemically; the

Aphelenchus avenae was isolated from the wheat crown in Summel distract- Duhok, Kurdistan region-Iraq infected by a crown rot disease which is caused by Fusarium spp;    wheat's crown culturing on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and incubating at 25°C A. avenae was found associated with fungal culture which meant that fungal nematode was parasitic on crown rot fungi on wheat crown, this species was described for the first time in Iraq.

Fungal Nematode incubated with Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum and Verticillium dahliae reproduce in both solid and liquid media, best results of nematode reproduction were recorded on F. graminearum followed by F. oxy

    The present study was performed to detect the molecular and the phylogenetic identification of species that belonging to the genus of Moniezia Blanchard, 1891 which affected intestines of sheep in Al-Diwaniyah city, Iraq; fifty intestine samples were sought for the infestation of Moniezia spp. from the city slaughterhouse from 1 October to 30 November 2017, this tapeworm was found to infest the intestines of 13 sheep.

    For morphological identify the genus of this tapeworm, eggs from one gravid proglottid of the thirteen worms were examined, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the PCR-product-based sequencing were applied on 4 Moniezia tapeworms targeti

Freshwater mussels are a guild of stationary, suspended-feeding species; they perform significant ecological functions like nitrogen cycling, bioturbation that gives oxygen and habitat that other creatures need to survive, and increasing water clearance by filtration. Knowledge of the freshwater mussel Unio tigridis Bourguignat, 1852, distribution, and molecular study in Iraq was inadequate. In the current study, this species of freshwater Mussels belonging to the family Unionidae was collected from different locations in the Greater Zab River, from April 2022 to November 2022. The average water temperature of the site was arranged between (17.8 to 36.1 C°). All previous studies in the Kurdistan Region and Iraq were based on morphologic

    Nine fish specimens of Thryssa setirostris (Broussonet, 1782) were collected from the Arabian Gulf, during the period from July 2015 to April 2016. Because of the scarcity of this fish and overlapping and ambiguous of its taxonomic characters with other Thryssa spp., a detailed taxonomic study was conducted. The present study includes the most important meristic and morphometric characteristics.

    The mean of the total length of the specimens was 149.67 mm; dorsal fin consists of 12 rays, anal fin with 34-37 rays and pectoral fin with 12-13 rays; Gill rakers were 4 upper,1 medial an.10 lower. The most important character that isolates T. setiristis from