Iraq is one of the prominent countries that used to have important industries and enjoyed consumer acceptance, as well as competitiveness and presence in regional and global markets. However, after 2003 and due to trade liberalization, there was a general weakness in the structure of the Iraqi economy. This directly affected the reality of the Iraqi industrial sector, leading to the entry of goods and products from all over the world. With the increase in population and government expenditures, which relied on commodity imports to meet local needs, all aspects of industry in the country were eliminated. The importance of research lies in shedding light on the role of international trade (import and export) in global economies, highlighti

Iraq is one of the prominent countries that used to have important industries and enjoyed consumer acceptance, competitiveness, and presence in regional and global markets. However, after 2003 and due to trade liberalization, there needed to be more in the structure of the Iraqi economy. This directly affected the reality of the Iraqi industrial sector, leading to the entry of goods and products from all over the world. With the increase in population and government expenditures, which relied on commodity imports to meet local needs, all aspects of industry in the country were eliminated. The importance of research lies in shedding light on the role of international trade (import and export) in global economies, highlighting the shortcom

Purpose: The research seeks to show the role of public spending policies in promoting GDP by stating the role of spending policy indicators in GDP during the research period.

Theoretical Framework: The research deals with many concepts related to the subject of the study, which are public spending and its policies, in addition to concepts related to public expenditure policy indicators. Also, the definition of GDP and its trends in the Iraqi economy.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Use the financial statements for the period (2004-2021) to knowing the trends of public spending in the Iraqi economy and to knowing the role played by analyzing the spending policies used by the

Purpose: The objective of this study was to aims to highlight the economic impacts of environmental and climate changes on both developed and developing countries, with a specific focus on Iraq's agricultural sector

Theoretical framework: The research dealt with environmental and climate changes and their effects on the agricultural sector in Iraq. The research problem revolves around the economic challenges facing Iraq, which revolve around the challenges of environmental and climate change, which exacerbate the problem of desertification, drought, and lack of water resources.

Design/methodology/approach: The researcher adopted the deductive approach and the analytical d

The research aimed to find out the role of spending on education in alleviating poverty in Iraq for the period (2021_2004) and developing appropriate solutions to alleviate poverty, as well as the research sought to measure the role of spending on education in Iraq during the selected period of (2021_2004), based on the premise that although the percentage of current spending of public spending is large, the percentage of spending on education is small, so its contribution was weak in alleviating poverty in Iraq,  As the spending on education in Iraq during the research period was affected by many shocks and critical and difficult conditions, the most important of which is the fluctuation of oil prices and the long wars against terr

The research aims to analyze and measure the reality of the Iraqi economy for the period (2004-2021)by applying the concept of financial sustainability and its indicators on economic growth. The paper's problem lies in the weak implementation of financial sustainability and indicators in most financial decisions in Iraq, negatively impacting economic growth in most economic sectors in Iraq. The paper started from the hypothesis that the weak implementation of financial sustainability in most of Iraq has contributed to the weakness of economic growth. The validity of the hypothesis has been proven using a standard model known as the Multiple Regression Model (ARDL),  the study has yielded several results, the most important being the

Maximizing the effectiveness of the agricultural investment environment for all its basic inputs from the economic and human resources available in Iraq represents a qualitative breakthrough in the production of strategic crops, therefore, the research problem came from the weak production of strategic agricultural crops in Iraq in quantity and quality, due to the ineffectiveness of the agricultural investment environment, as a result of the lack of government support, the deterioration of the infrastructure of the agricultural sector, and a shortage of monetary capital, Finally, the scarcity of water resources, the problem was treated using the analytical method, thus, the research aims to demonstrate the importance of developing the ag

Purpose: The objective of this study is to create an interactive marketing model that aligns with the commercial development strategies of mobile phone operators in Iraq.

Theoretical framework: Recent literature has reported good results on the new design of the interactive marketing model that is compatible with the development of work in the Iraqi mobile phone companies in the research sample.

Design/methodology/approach: Mobile phone companies in Iraq (Asia Cell, Zain, Korek) were chosen as a field for the application, and a purposive research sample consisting of (35) people was chosen from the human resources of the aforementioned companies. Questions prepared for th

Purpose: Explaining the impact of comprehensive leadership in achieving organizational agility that contributes to achieving the desired goals and retaining competent cadres.

Theoretical framework: Achieving the primary goal, which is by defining the effect of inclusive leadership with its dimensions on organizational agility. The research investigated the extent to which comprehensive leadership contributes to enhancing organizational agility through employees’ ownership of the two concepts.

Design/methodology/approach: The descriptive-analytical method was adopted, and the data were analyzed to reach the results using SPSS V.26 software. The company registration depar

Purpose: This research seeks to identify ethical leadership and sustainable performance from a theoretical perspective.

Theoretical Framework: Based on what researchers (Kyalo, 2019) reported, these organizations must adopt one of the leadership styles that helps them enhance their reputation from an ethical standpoint in the society within which they operate.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The study analyses hospital data (2023-2024), using the ethical leadership model with its three components (justice, power sharing, and role clarification) in enhancing sustainable performance with its three components (social performance, economic performance, and environmental performa

Purpose: The aim of the research is to activate the influence of strategic mind to enhance the principle of social responsibility in Dhi Qar Oil Company.

Theoretical Framework: Recent literature indicates a growing trend towards applying the principle of social responsibility, transforming it into a competitive strategy among organizations, especially when possessing strategic mind to devise implementation steps (Khouj, 2020:84).

Design/Methodology/Approach:We analyzed the literature and activities advocating for the implementation of the principle of social responsibility using the scale (Schwartz & Carroll, 2003:67) in various organizations. We also examined the imp

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to discover the effect of supportive leadership on work stress in the Ministry of Iraqi Interior / Human Resources Management to achieve a happy life for its employees and hence achieve the desired level of performance.

Theoretical Framework: The current research deals with introducing the Ministry of Iraqi Interior / Human Resources Management to the latest developments in the administration field through supportive leadership style and work stress, as well as presenting the latest concepts, importance, and models that previous researchers have arrived at. It contributes to expanding the researched organization's awareness of adopting any of these models

The main purpose of this research is to understand the role of digital marketing in the Public Telecommunications and Information Company by exploring its four dimensions (communication channels, social media, digital relations, and digital technologies) in enhancing its organizational attractiveness. The problem of the research, the company is struggling how to cover all consumer needs and preferences, comprehend their behavior, and set specific objectives to improve organizational attraction, whether to increase subscribers or enhance interactions with other companies. Digital marketing requires sustained time and effort for long-term success, which is why this research aims to provide a set of marketing mechanisms to address the probl

Purpose: The research objective is to diagnose the extent to which the National School Health Strategy contributes to the quality of health services.

Theoretical framework: The quality of health services can provide schools with benefits  through building a healthy school community in line with the sustainable development goals, especially regarding quality education, good health, and well-being and through school health, we may be improving the health and well-being of elementary and secondary students, and the necessity of  providing healthy foods reduction of fat content in school meals, and awareness to prevent the use of  tobacco products and drugs.

Purpose: This study aims to determine the impact of Negotiation Strategies (NS) on Organizational Success(OS) in the Iraqi Ministry of Industry and Minerals.

Conceptual Framework: The NS includes dimensions (cooperative strategy, competitive strategy, avoidance strategy, bargaining strategy and absorption strategy) measured by  (Thomas, 2008), and OS includes dimensions (resources, organizational structure, management, process and knowledge management) measured by (Hamedi & Azimi, 2013)​.

Design/Methodology/approach: The descriptive analytical method was adopted in completing the current research, on a sample of senior and middle leaders in the Iraqi Ministry o

the study aims to ascertain how approaches contribute to the Ministry of Planning's organizational ambidexterity. To complete the conclusions, it also seeks to ascertain the factors and dimensions of the study, get the results, and interpret them. The recommendations illustrate how companies may modify and enhance their behavior while utilizing these factors in the field. The descriptive-analytical technique is used to ensure the maximum level of accuracy possible in the conclusions and suggestions. General managers, several department directors, and division supervisors constituted the research sample. The primary instrument used in the research was a questionnaire distributed to the target sample of 105 respondents. The comprehensive i

The research endeavors to harness the benefits stemming from the integration of constraint theory into construction project management, with the primary goal of mitigating project completion delays. Additionally, it employs fuzzy analysis to determine the relative significance of fundamental constraints within projects by assigning them appropriate weights. The research problem primarily revolves around two key issues. Firstly, the persistent utilization of outdated methodologies and a heavy reliance on workforce experience without embracing modern computerized technologies. Secondly, the recurring problem of project delivery delays.

Construction projects typically encompass five fundamental constraint types: cost restrictions, t

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out whether agile leadership is considered a critical factor in influencing the strategic recovery of leaders in the Iraqi Ministry of Communications or if there is another element that plays a vital role in promoting strategic recovery and what are the organization's steps in the field of study towards implementing agile leadership requirements? Does the organization take serious steps to implement the dimensions of strategic recovery in all its aspects? Is there an impact of agile leadership on strategic recovery in the organization?                       

Purpose: This paper attempts to analyze and discuss the impact of Customer Empowerment (CE) in reducing marketing deceptive practices carried out by companies.

Theoretical framework: The literature related to the research topic did not describe of the application of CE in the workplace, as it is a recent variable and is still in the development stage. The scale (Abdel-Bari & Ashry, 2023) was adopted to measure the CE questionnaire, in addition to the scale (Gaber et al., 2018) to measure Marketing Deception (MD).

Methodology: Field research was used to understand the practice of CE and identify scams. Six companies specialized in the field of contrac

Today, business organizations , seek to build creative capabilities by adopting advanced management concepts and methods such as employee voice to enable them facing potential challenges. This research investigates the impact of employee's voice on creative performance in a number of industrial companies in Baghdad City. The research's problem is started by the issues with weakness in corporate consciousness and the knowledge of employee voice that restrict firms from developing and innovating, and ignoring those voices except concerning the interest of companies. The main question of the research's problem is (What is the level of impact for employee voice on creative performance?). For the importance of the industrial sector in Iraq, t

The study seeks to assess how human capital, encompassing aspects like knowledge, skills, experience, and abilities, impacts the attainment of organizational readiness across cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dimensions at Central Technical University. The problem of the study begins by addressing the basic question of revealing the degree of influence of human capital on achieving organizational readiness and also knowing what are the organizational benefits resulting from human capital and whether this has a direct or indirect impact on building organizational readiness. The importance of the research was to address a problem that most people face. Organizations in general, and Central Technical University in particular, which is re

The current research aims to study the impact of strategic knowledge on the entrepreneurial performance of a sample of employees in the Iraqi Ministry of Education. Its importance lies in conducting research in the government educational sector. A purposive random sample of 175 individuals was selected based on a data collection questionnaire. Strategic knowledge includes four dimensions (strategic priorities, organizational environment, and organizational capabilities). Entrepreneurial performance addresses four dimensions (proactive planning, leadership indicators, innovation and creativity, efficiency, and effectiveness). The research highlights strategic knowledge in educational administrations to ensure the success of entrepreneuria

The ability of the economic unit to continue is one of the basic assumptions for preparing financial statements. Therefore, users of these statements need to have a clear image of the unit’s performance and financial situation and to ensure that there is no indicator warning of financial distress. For example, there is a conflict of interest between the unit’s shareholders on the one hand and the management on the other hand. Therefore, this research seeks to study the effect of the difference in the nature of the ownership structure on the going concern of economic units. The research is based on the hypothesis that each type of ownership structure has a negative impact on the going concern unit. The research selected five economic