The research aims to demonstrate the impact of relationship marketing with its dimensions (trust, commitment, and satisfaction) in achieving the competitiveness of business organizations with its dimensions (market share, flexibility, and productivity and profitability) for a number of private Iraqi banks in Baghdad. One of the most important justifications for conducting the research is the need for banks to enhance the use of relationship marketing methods, and the importance of the research lies in attracting the attention of decision-makers in the researched banks to the need to pay attention to relationship marketing to achieve a competitive position in the banking business environment. The main hypothesis was formulated to measure

The current research aims to test the relationship and effect of sustainable leadership its dimensions (cohesive diversity, organizational justice, employee development, progress and advancement, and work-life balance) as independent variables on entrepreneurial performance with its dimensions (creativity and innovation, reputation, proactiveness, self-evaluation) as dependent variables in the Ministry of Science and Technology. Additionally, the study seeks to identify the levels of availability and utilization of sustainable leadership that are more suitable for the current conditions in the ministry. The research aims to provide a set of recommendations contributing to the enhancement of the practice and adoption of the variables with

This research paper aimed to determine the role of employee empowerment through three dimensions (independence, delegation of powers, and training) in achieving strategic excellence in a number of departments operating in the Baghdad mayoralty, as the employee empowerment strategy is considered one of the strategies of great importance that organizations need at the present time. With the technological and cognitive acceleration witnessed to bring about positive changes in its work, its existence requires organizational components provided by administrative leaders that are able to influence employees and direct them towards achieving success and excellence. The main research problem was represented by the following question: Is it possi

The search aims to detect the impact of strategic awareness with its dimensions (awareness of customer service, sales/promotion, product/service, competitive environment, as well as administrative/coordination awareness) as an independent variable on organizational readiness for change with its dimensions (appropriateness, management support, change efficacy, and personal benefits) as a dependent variable. The following questions summarize the main problem of the study: "What is the effect extent of strategic awareness on organizational readiness? and What is the application level of the concept of strategic awareness in the industrial sectors of Iraq?", to reach an actual model that fits the Iraqi environment for employing strategic awa

The objective of this research is to examine the impact of technology-based Customer Relationship Management (CRM) on sustainable competitive advantage in government and private banks in Baghdad. The research problem is summarized by the main question: “Have bank leaderships been able to leverage technology-based CRM for sustainable competitive advantage? And have they been able to maximize this impact?” Given the significance of the banking sector, government and private banks in Baghdad were chosen as the focus of this research. Commercial and Islamic banks were selected for the study, and the researcher conducted field visits to six banks (including Rafidain Bank, Trade Bank of Iraq, Alnahrain Islamic Bank, Al Taif Islamic Bank, I

The idea of the research is to evaluate the extent to which risk management is applied in the work of the departments and formations of the Iraqi Ministry of Interior, and this is done by comparing the actual reality of the Ministry's work with the international standard for risk management, which is (ISO 31000:2018), as the problem of the research centers is the Ministry's lack of a clear definition that is clear about how risks are managed, and this can be seen after reviewing the strategic and annual plans, which showed that this topic was not included in them. In contrast, the research aims to determine the actual reality of the Ministry's work in institutional risk management by comparing this reality with the provisions of the ISO

The research aims to clarify the effect of competency-based human resources management and the resource-based approach on creative performance through the mediating role of the knowledge economy. As a result of the pressures and challenges faced by the Central Bank, which requires efficient, distinguished and knowledgeable human resources, the researchers prompted the researchers to choose these variables through which to address some problems. Its importance is to help business organizations focus on intangible assets more than tangible assets. The research was launched from two main hypotheses to explore the relationships of influence by analyzing the answers of the research sample, which included (223) individuals working in the Centr

This research seeks to measure the role of mental models in their dimensions (equipment, implementation, interaction, compatibility, timing) in the strategic decision in its dimensions (identification, development, selection). The field of research consisted of three government insurance companies and seven private insurance companies in Baghdad. Obtaining the necessary data for the field aspect through questionnaires, personal interviews, and company documents, and the researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach and the comparative approach, as a purposive sample was drawn of (63) individuals with the rank of assistant director and head of department in government companies from a population size of (71), while the number of

This study aims to test the influence of organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) as an independent variable on public service motivation (PSM) as a dependent variable within the Companies Registration Department, a subsidiary of the Ministry of Trade. Data collection encompassed responses from 140 participants, spanning departmental managers, section heads, unit leaders, and staff members, obtained through a comprehensive questionnaire. The ensuing data analysis employed a descriptive-analytical approach, incorporating various statistical methodologies, such as mean computation, standard deviation, simple linear regression, and others, facilitated by statistical software packages such as (SPSS). Contrary to initial expectations, the r

The current research aims to explore the relationship and impact of conscious leadership, (self-awareness, awareness of others, and situational awareness), on strategic renewal, (context, content, process). The research problem relies on the following question: Do the responsible leaders in the Ministry of Planning possess a level of awareness to meet the requirements of strategic renewal for the present and the future? The research community consists of top and middle leaders in the Ministry of Planning, totaling 100 out of 104. Data analysis was conducted using statistical software, including SPSS v.26, Amoss v.29, and Picelscp Professor. Among the key findings, it is stressed that there is a need to enhance the importance of self-awar

An excellent reputation earned by initiating and practicing sustainable business practices has additional benefits, of which are reducing environmental incidents and an improvement in operational efficiency as this has the potential to help firms improve on productivity and bring down operating costs. Taken further, with ever-increasing socially and environmentally-conscious investors and the public alike, this act of natural resources management could have a significant implication on market value and income of the practicing firms.

The above proposition has been supported by sustainable business practices literature that is continuously conversing and deliberating upon the impact of efficient resource d

The research aims to develop a proposed mechanism for financial reporting on sustainable investment that takes the specificity of these investments.

To achieve this goal, the researcher used (what if scenario) where the future financial statements were prepared for the year 2026, after completion of the sustainable project and operation, as the project requires four years to be completed.

The researcher relied on the results of the researchers collected from various modern sources relevant to the research topic and published on the internet, and the financial data and information obtained to assess the reality of the company's activity and its environmental, social, and economic i

The study aims to investigate the relationship between the gender diversity of board director, the accounting conservatism and firm value in Iraqi firms. The sample was represented by 30 Iraqi firms listed on the Iraqi market over the period 2017. The research was based on the main hypothesis that gender diversity has a positive relationship with conservatism and firm value, that conservatism as an intermediate variable will enhance the positive relationship between gender diversity and firm value. The study reached results that support the research hypotheses. The appointment of females to the board helps improve the provision of conservative accounting information and avoids overstate when reporting earnings. Based on these res

This study examined the effects of water scarcity on rural household economy in El Fashir Rural Council / North Darfur State- western Sudan. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used as to get a deeper understanding of the impact of water scarcity on the rural house economy in the study area. 174 households out of 2017 were selected from 45 villages which were distributed in eight village councils forming the study area. Statistical methods were used to manipulate the data of the study. The obtained results revealed that water scarcity negatively affected the rural household economy in the study area in many features. These include the followings: much family efforts and time were directed to fetch for water consequentl

The Iraqi economy relies primarily on oil exports to achieve necessary financial surpluses in order to finance economic and social development plans. Capital imports also contribute to improving the productive capacity of all sectors that directly or indirectly contribute to the country's economic growth if they actually exist. These imports, represented by the equipment and machinery necessary for building and developing infrastructure in Iraq, which cannot be provided except through foreign trade, make Iraq closely connected to broad economic relationships with most of the developed world economies. Oil revenues have had a positive impact on the general budget situation. However, on the other hand, the lack of a productive base has led

The ability of the economic unit to continue is one of the basic assumptions for preparing financial statements. Therefore, users of these statements need to have a clear image of the unit’s performance and financial situation and to ensure that there is no indicator warning of financial distress. For example, there is a conflict of interest between the unit’s shareholders on the one hand and the management on the other hand. Therefore, this research seeks to study the effect of the difference in the nature of the ownership structure on the going concern of economic units. The research is based on the hypothesis that each type of ownership structure has a negative impact on the going concern unit. The research selected five economic

In this paper defining modified extension Weibull distribution, reliability function and hazerd function, we explain the maximum likelihood method under type one censoring sample. The censored samples play an important role in reliability analysis .In this paper we estimate and derived modified extension Weibull distribution whith three parameters  under the censored samples type one by maximum likelihood estimation method depend on Newton-Raphson method. Then we applied simulation procedure using Monte-Carlo technique to estimate reliability function under different samples sizes and various initial values for the parameters for all estimated parameters of modified extension Weibull model by used MATLAB program. Finally we find the

In this paper defining modified extension Weibull distribution, reliability function and hazerd function, we explain the maximum likelihood method under type one censoring sample. The censored samples play an important role in reliability analysis .In this paper we estimate and derived modified extension Weibull distribution whith three parameters  under the censored samples type one by maximum likelihood estimation method depend on Newton-Raphson method. Then we applied simulation procedure using Monte-Carlo technique to estimate reliability function under different samples sizes and various initial values for the parameters for all estimated parameters of modified extension Weibull model by used MATLAB program. Finally we find the

The multiple linear regression analysis shows the effects of explanatory variables on the dependent variable. Its function is to represent data to understand the shape and nature of the relationship between explanatory variables and the response variable. One of the main problems faced by linear regression is the nature of the data, as sometimes it does not follow a normal distribution. This has led to the emergence of different types of linear regression models such as the beta regression model, where the data of the dependent variable is less than one and confined within the period (0,1), and the data is relative and decimal. Non-traditional methods will be used to estimate beta regression parameters because some traditional methods do

In this paper, we discuss estimating the parameters of the restricted gamma ridge regression model by combining gamma ridge regression with restricted maximum likelihood. The characteristics of the new estimator and its superiority over the restricted gamma ridge regression estimator and restricted maximum likelihood will be identified, using several formulas for the shrinkage factor k, and it will also be Using the Monte Carlo simulation method to generate data that suffers from the problem of multicollinearity with different sizes (n=25,50,100,250) in light of other influential factors (degree of correlation, number of explanatory variables), and subjecting the parameters to linear restrictions, to get rid of the problem of multicollin

The banking sector is one of the important sectors in Iraq, and the last stage witnessed the emergence of several private banks in the competition market, and in order to determine the efficiency of existing banks, the resources available to government and private banks were analyzed and compared with two international banks to determine their efficiency ratios for the surveyed banks using data envelopment analysis, the research problem was diagnosed in the lack of interest in measuring the efficiency of banks by exploiting the resources available to maximize profits, the aim of the research is to determine the efficiency of the banks studied according to the direction of outputs and to conduct continuous analysis of the results in order

This study investigates to shed light on artificial intelligence techniques, specifically the genetic algorithm, to improving traditional solutions, as well as finding the best policy for the problem of probabilistic inventory with continuous review by finding the optimal reorder point and the optimal economic quantity to avoid the risk of stock out (shortage), reduce total costs, and reach the optimal solution with little time and effort. The research was conducted in the stores of the department of pharmacy of the Ninawa health department for the period from January 1, 2021, to January 1, 2023, on a sample of three drugs (most demanded drugs). An analysis of the demand data for the study sample was conducted using the statistical progr

Strategic planning for a specific phenomenon depends mainly on accurate prediction by developing a model to represent that phenomenon. Therefore, this research dealt with spatiotemporal series models such as the STARIMA model (p_λ, d, q_m) model when there is a spatial correlation for neighbouring sites and a spatial correlation for the same geographical location. The methods for estimating the parameters are the Conditional Maximum Likelihood method and the method of estimating the parameters using the genetic algorithm (MLE_GA). These models were compared using the statistical comparison metrics (RMSE). The data represents the daily infections with the COVID-19 epidemic for (10) sectors on the Rusafa side

This paper, utilized the Restricted Partially Additive Regression Model to analyze air quality data in Baghdad governorate, with a focus on addressing multicollinearity issues among independent variables and outliers in the dependent variable. Through the implementation of classical estimators, ridge estimators, robust estimators, and the imposition of non-random constraints on the parametric parts of the model Through method of Robust Ridge-MM Estimator in Restricted Additive Partially Regression Model, the study aimed to assess the model's effectiveness in dealing with air pollution challenges during the summer season. Results obtained through the use of pre-built packages and algorithms in the R programming language indicated that int

Noise, including Gaussian noise, distorts images during transition or acquisition process, reducing required information. Removing or reducing this noise is crucial in image processing. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a vital tool for enhancing our understanding of the universe, providing valuable scientific data and inspiring global interest. In this paper we introduce several nonlinear (Non-Local Mean, Bilateral, and classical) filters to remove the Gaussian noise from the Carina Nebula Image, the first image taken by (JWST) on 12 July 2022. These nonlinear filters were therefore selected to highlight the significance of selecting the right technique that can handle, process, and preserve as many details as possible. They also

Face recognition is a common technique for artificial intelligence and image processing in which machine-learning algorithms automatically recognize a person's face through a huge image collection or even from a live video since there is difficulty in detecting data when using different shots for the same person in a facial recognition system, it takes time to determine person's membership. Furthermore, when working with high-dimensional data, where the 2D-pixel values of facial images, can be computationally challenging, the face recognition problem gets harder, so the current research compares the dimensionality reduction techniques like the principal component analysis algorithm PCA, an unsupervised learning algorithm that reduces dim

Degree of financial leverage refers to the percentage of bank assets financed through debt, which banks must employ to achieve returns and cover costs, as well as the availability of cash at maturity. Therefore, the problem of the study arises in how the indicators of leverage and cash liquidity affect the indicators of financial performance in the Iraqi banking sector. That is why the study aims to use econometrics to demonstrate the impact of leverage and cash liquidity on the financial performance indicators represented by return on assets (ROA) and net profit margin (NPM) for a sample of 38 conventional and Islamic banks for the period 2010-2022. The Dynamic Panel Data methodology was used to determine the relationship between variab

Purpose: The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between

agriculture development and unemployment rate for the period of 1991-2-2022 in Iraq.

Theoretical framework: In the context of agricultural employment, agriculture is recognised as a crucial component of economic advancement and emphasises the significance of efficiently utilising all available resources, including human resources (Alsudani & Al-Hiyali, 2021). Moreover, the growth of agricultural and the unemployment rate have been used as two indicators to evaluate the significance of the agriculture sector(Jongerden et al., 2019).

Design/methodology/approach: In order to examine wheth

The research aims to show the impact of structural imbalances in the main sectors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by testing the relationship in the short and long term between the variables of the structure of the main sectors of industry, agriculture, and mining, in addition to the price of oil as independent variables, and between the public budget expressed by 1990-2021. The results have resulted in a long-term relationship between the main sectors and the oil price and between the deficit and the surplus of the general budget with a negative correction factor of (-0.77) in order to return to the equilibrium situation in the short term and the long term, and the research reached a set of conclusions that the changing price of oil was

The strategy of the Iraqi media network has faced a significant challenge during the recent decades due to instability resulting from the political and security conditions experienced by Iraq. This deeply impacts various aspects of life,  especially the media industry. In light of these circumstances, the idea of evaluating the proposed strategy for the Iraqi media network has emerged.

The current research aims to study a crucial phase of strategic management, strategic evaluation, to assess the proposed strategy through data analysis, ensuring its implementation with minimal deviation from the planned course. The study focuses on studying and evaluating the proposed strategy for the Iraqi media network for the years 2024-20