Catalyst gas phase ammoxidation of 2,3, and 4- picolines in a fixed bed reactor is described
the catalyst applied composed of Vanadium (V) and tin (Sn) Oxides supported on Al2O3 as
described in recent papers (1), (2). The effect of NH3, O2, contact time and temperature of the
picoline mole ratios on the yield and conversion of the products was studied. The conversation
and yield are in the rate of 2-picoline> 4-picoline > 3-picoline.
The applied catalyst was active even after 150 hours of reaction. The highest yield obtained
of nicotinic acid was 90%, 88%, 87% 2-picoline, 4-picoline and 3-picoline respectively.

     Fate of AflatoxinM1 in soft white cheese and its by-product (whey) and in yogurt locally made from raw sheep's and goat's milk experimentally inoculated with 0.05 and 0.5 µg/l AflatoxinM1 were investigated using ELISA technique. Results reported that AflatoxinM1 was concentrated in cheese at levels significantly higher than that recorded in the raw milk that used for its processing, with a significant decrease in AflatoxinM1 levels in its by-product (whey) comparable to the raw milk used in manufacturing at both inoculated levels. Yogurt produced from raw sheep's milk at second inoculated level exerted AflatoxinM1concentration significantly lower than that present in the milk. Significant differences in Aflatoxi

Three types of Nerium.oleander leaves of hexane extract were prepared according the color of their flower, red flower group (RFG), pink flower group (PFG) and white flower group (WFG).After drying in the sunlight, grinding by electrical grinder. Extraction with hexane was done by a soxhlet apparatus for each type the extract of each type was dissolved in propylene glycol which was used to dissolve the extract with the aid of magnetic stirrer mixer for ten minutes. The median lethal dose (LD50) experiment for each type, fifty adult mice of mixed sex were used. They were divided into 5 equal number groups and were given different oral doses as following:-The red flower groups (RFG) received oral doses ranging from 225-425mg⁄Kg ,the pink

A total of 69 fish samples were collected from three stations Tigris River namely (Al-Zaafaraniya, Al-Tagei and Al-Shawaka) at Baghdad city, during the period from January to December 2010). These fishes were belonging to five species which were Barbus luteus, Carassius carassius, Chondrostoma regium, Liza abu and Silurus triostegus. The microscopial examination revealed infection with 39 species of ectoparasites and endoparasites including twenty one from protozoans (five ciliate (E.cyprini, E.dogieli, E.spherica, T.domerguei, T.nigra) and sixteen sporozoa (C.bychowski, Myxidium monstrasum, M.pfeifferi, M.rhodei, Myxobolus bramae, M.cyprini, M.cyprinicola, M.drgajini, M.koi, M.macrocapsulari, M.mulleri, M.oviformis, M.paljanski, M.parvu

The local study was targeting to investigate the biological antibacterial activity for gradiate concentrations of a local honey bees (125,250, 375 and 500 mg/ml) were tested for five type of bacteria, two of which are gram positive (staphylococcusaureus , streptococcus spp.) and three of them were negative bacteria ( Esherichia coli , salmonella spp. , pseudomonas aeruginosa) by using agar well diffusion method and tube dilution method.
The results of agar well diffusion method showed that the bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus Spp. were the most sensitive to honey dilutions, while E.coli ,Salmonella Spp. showed moderate sensitivity . Pseudomonas aeruginosadid not show any sensitivity. The result also showed that the

The study conducted an attempts to improve the Keeping quality (Shelf T.) of Laboratory processed cheeses by the Natamycin preservation against spoilage of Yeasts & Moulds . Random collected samples of processed soft cheeses collected from different areas of Baghdad to produce Laboratory processed cheeses by using the best mix of Emulsifying salts that is composed of :- 90% Na tripolyphosphate + 10% 3Na citrate . Laboratory processed cheeses without preservative treating lasted to be fit for humane consumption for (30) day when store at room temp. & aerobic Condition & for (45) day when store at room temp. & non aerobic condition & for (40) day when store at refrigeration temp. & aerobic condition & for (60) d

In This study, the bacteria Escherichia Coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella dysentarea were isolated from diarrhea in infants. Microbiological and biochemical tests were conducted to identify these bacteria. In the Identification of bacterial Species the API-System was used. Sensitivity test of bacterial isolates revealed high resistance to many Antibiolics like Ampicillin, Tetracycline, Ceftazidine, Cephalothin ,Vancomycin and Rifamipicin.
The effects of extracts of (Citrus aurantifolia ,Zingiber offienals, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Pimpinellaanisum, Camellia ,sinessis Coffeiaarabica, Elattariacar domomum, Cumminum cumminum, Thymus vulgaris and Trigonella foenum geoecum in inhibiting bacteria isolated from diarrhea were studied , als

This study was designed to high light about the effect of some factors individually or in combination that shared in the reduction of the chlorine activity and efficiency for meeting the bacterial standards as a disinfection agent for drinking water at Baghdad city/ Al- kurch. To achieve the objectives (137) drinking water samples were collected from July up to the end of November 2007 from the houses of Baghdad's citizens/ Al-kurch. Also studying the scientific nature of some municipal water supply at Baghdad/ Al- kurch, drinking water samples were collected from faucets after allowing the water to run for 0, 5 and 10 minutes. Statistical data showed that there was non significant difference in both the chlorine concentration and colifo

   إن الهدف من تصميم البحث هو لتقييم إمكانية إصلاح عيوب غضروف القصبة الهوائية في الكلاب .استخدمت في هذه الدراسة 18 من الكلاب المحلية ومن كلا الجنسين  . قسمت إلى مجموعتين متساويتين. تم استحداث أذى في الجزء العنقي من القصبة الهوائية على شكل نافذة وبقطر حوالي  3سم * 2سم . تم غلق الأذى في المجموعة الأولى باستخدام مادة اسمنت العظم الصناعية مع شبكة البولي بروبايلين والمجموعة الثانية باستخدام شبكة البولي بروب

40 Mmermrij fish Mastacembelus mastacebelus were collected from different areas in Baghdad , a total of 20 fish from each area; the first 20 from area near a Al Muthanna bridge, and the second from the old Diyala bridge. stomach contents Were taken from these fish and analyzed by the Gel electrophoresis device results showed abandunce of food protein of animal origin, which was identified with the food samples taken from the real environment of these fish. Also two types of parasitic crustaceans were identified which are considered the most common external parasites infected fish ; these were Leranea worms, type Learnea cyprinacea, and fish lice Argulus, type Argulus foliaceus, this is with respect to Almmermrij fish taken from Al Muthan

Spores of Bacillus subtilis HU1 suspended in whole milk and /or distilled water subjected to high and ultrahigh temperatures ranging from 85 to 14°C. Resulting survivor and thermal death time (TDT) curves were shown to be non-linear for all temperatures investigated; convex survivor curves at most heating temperatures were observed. TDT curves observed in all studies were concave and biphasic. The z-value using milk as the menstruum were 57°C for heating temperatures of 121-140°C, and 20°C, for heating temperatures of 110-121°C. Distilled water as the menstruum yielded z-values of 58°C and 16°C for heating temperatures of 120-140°C and 110-121°C respectively.

     This study was designed to explain the anatomy and histology of kidneys and salt glands in Great Flamingos. Eight adult healthy Great Flamingos of both sexes have been used. The results showed that the kidneys in Great Flamingos consist of three separated lobes. The right kidney was longer 8.9±0.3 mm than the left kidney 8.4±0.4mm. The ratio of the kidneys weight to the total body weight was 0.39%. The salt gland was very large crescent shape, and occupied the supraorbital fossa and has 20.8±0.2mm long and 3.9±0.2mm in diameter. The volume of cortex was 60-70% and the medulla was 30-40%. Within the middle region of cortex there were numerous large corpuscles (mammalian type) and few of small corpuscles (repti

     This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of seasons on serum testosterone level, testis histology examination and testosterone receptors by using cytoimmunochemistry techniques. Samples of blood and both testes were collected from 24 local dogs aged between 2-3 years and weighted 18-22 kg. This study carried out at 2015, divided into four seasons. No differences in testosterone level were observed between seasons. However, histological examinations were characterized by significant (P<0.01) changes during seasons in tubular diameters, germinal thickness and tubular area. Cytoimmunochemistry investigation showed differences between seasons also, there was a distributions of testosterone hormone receptors

     This study was conducted on 122 Arabi sheep belonged to private flock in Erbil plain Kurdistan region- Iraq, from July/ 2014 to August/ 2015 for studying the role of sex chromatin on daily milk production, total milk production, lactation period, fertility rate, prolificacy, birth weight and fertilizes estrous sequences. The repeatability for the studied traits were estimated. The ratio of sex chromatin shapes drum stick, sessile nodule, tear drop and small club were 23.37%, 60.22%, 8.54% and 7.87% respectively.The overall means of daily milk production, total milk production, lactation period, birth weight, fertilize estrous sequences, fertility rate, and Prolificacy were 814.65 g 81.49 kg 103.53 day, 78.10%, 1.

Monolayer tissue cultures of chicken embryo fibroblast ( CEF ) cells infected with avian

Detection of oocysts of Cryptosporidium in water of Al-Dehab AL-Abyad village was carried

An outbreak of avian influenza (AI) (H9N2) occurred in broiler, layers and
breeder chicken farms in Iraq during 2004-2007. Mortality between 30% and
70% in broilers and 5% and 10% in layers and breeders were commonly
observed on the affected farms. Mixed infections of the influenza virus with
other respiratory pathogens particularly Newcastle Disease (ND) virus and
Infectious Bronchitis (IB) virus were thought to be responsible for such high
mortality. ELISA test was used to detect ND, AI and IB antibodies. Clinical
signs included , decrease feed consumption, swelling of the face and typical
severe respiratory signs. Gross lesions included extensive hyperemia of the
respiratory system, cheesy exudates in the tr

This study has been conducted to study the effect of feed withdrawal and adding dried bakery yeast on pH and some microbial indicators which includes Total Bacterial Count (TBC) ,Coliform Count (CC) , Fungi Count (FC) and Lactobacilli Count (LC) in the gastro -intestinal tract of 45 marketed broiler chickens at 8 weeks of age .The birds randomly distributed into three treatments and each treatment to three replicates (15 birds per replicate ) which were: un -treated control (T₁) , broiler chickens subjected to feed withdrawal 8 hrs. before slautered (T₂) , broiler chickens fed a diet contained 1% of dried bakery yeast three days before subjected to feed withdrawal 8 hrs. before slautered (T₃ ) . The data

In present experiment , study was done on the pathological and residual effect of malathion in mice 50 white mice randomly divided into 3 group : 1^st group including (20)mice was given single oral dose .1.5 ppm in drinking water 2^nd group contain (20) mice given single dose 1.5 ppm malathion orally in drinking water and repeated the same dose at 2^nd and 3^rd week i.e (three repeated doses), the 3^rd group (10) mice act as control group .The long of experiment was 60 days , the following parameter were done .

1- Clinical Signs: treated group 1^st and 2^nd groups showed nausea and diarrhea

2- Pathological changes : 1^st and 2^nd gro

In this study blood samples were collected from 150 newborns (NBs), In a period from 20082010, with blood groups A and B from mother’s blood group O positive and those who do not have any other reason for the jaundice..Of 150 NBs, 105 have blood group A and 45 with group B. And the male to female ratio was 1.7:1. The average of NBs age at the onset of jaundice was 19.02 hrs, it was earlier in blood group B and in newborns of first pregnancy. The average of serum bilirubin level at 24 hours was 5.70 mg/dl; there was no statistical value of the blood group and the sex of the NBs in the bilirubin level. Newborns had anemia at delivery in 12 cases, 6 of them were premature. Fifty one NBs were followed for late anemia and found 36 (70%) had

The present study was designed to demonstrate the effect of crude alcoholic extract of polyphenol in olive (200 mg/kg) on some physiological and immunological parameters in male rats treated with 1% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Twenty rats were divided randomly into four equal groups and treated for (30) days as follows: control group (c) which were given ordinary tap water, first treated group (G1) was given 1% H2O2 in drinking water, the second treated group (G2) was given alcoholic extract of polyphenol in olive (200 mg/kg) by oral intubation, third treated group(G3) was given H2O2 and polyphenol. Blood samples were collected after 30 days for measuring the following parameters: Total WBC count, the percentage of WBC differential count (

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of mild PEF conditions on acid tolerance, growth, bile tolerance and protease activity of L. acidophilus LA-K. The treatments were positive square unipolar pulse width of 3 µs, pulse period of 0.5 second, voltage of 1 kV/cm, delay time of 20 µs and flow rate of 60 ml/min at 40.5°C PEF treatment temperature. The control was passed through the PEF system at the same flow rate (60 ml/min) without receiving any pulsed electric field condition. The acid tolerance was determined every 30 minutes for 120 minutes of incubation in acidified MRS broth at pH 2. Growth of the culture was determined hourly for 32 hours of incubation at 37°C in MRS broth. The bile tolerance was determined

The present study was designed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of six local medicinal plant ethanolic extracts (Quercus robur, Vitis vinifera, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Ginger officinale, Thymus vulgaris, and Coriandrum sativum) on the growth of Proteus spp. in vitro. For this purpose, graduate concentrates for each extract (50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/mL) were prepared and tested. The result showed that all the studied medicinal plants have antibacterial activity against Proteus spp., with the exception of Coriandrum sativum, which did not show any inhibitory activity against the growth of the studied bacteria in vitro. And the more active plant in inhibiting the growth of the studied ba

The prevalence of house mice (Mus musculus) Hymenolepiasis was determined in Baghdad, Iraq to study the effects of location, sex, and months on the infection rate of Hymenolepis spp. in house mice. Fifty house mice were captured from Abu Ghraib and Al-Ameriya, Baghdad, Iraq and examined for detecting parasites in laboratory in College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad. The total infection prevalence of intestinal parasites was 11 (22%) out of 50 samples, the higher prevalence was 28.57% and found in Abu Ghraib area, while lower was (13.63%) and recorded in Al-Ameriya area. The study revealed that the house mice were infected with two species of Hymenolepis: Hymenolepis nana 4 (8%) and Hymenolepis

The aim of present study was to evaluate the possibility of teratogenicity in rats when exposed to zinc chloride (ZnCl2) pre and post pregnancy. To achieve this goal, a total of 40 mature Albino Wistar female rats were divided equally into four groups as follows: T1, dosed 0.7 mg/day ZnCl2 for two months before mating and till to the day 5th of pregnancy, the females of this group were mated with males dosed 0.7 mg/day ZnCl2 for two weeks before mating; T2, dosed 0.7 mg/day ZnCl2 for two months before mating and till to the day 16th of pregnancy and then were mated with control males (not exposed to any level of ZnCl2); T3, dosed 0.7mg/day ZnCl2 for two months before mating and till the end of pregnancy and were mated with control males;

The activity of a single subcutaneous injection of ivermectin at dose of 200 mcg/<

A systemic study was done on the pathogenesis of experimentally induced

Thirty-six local dose have been used and were divided in to three groups sacording to weight, in each group twelve dose

Three end-to-end intestinal anastomosis techniques have been compared in twenty horses, divided

In a study designed to evaluate the prevalence of caprine pneumonia and to identify it's bacterial and parasitic