The increasing rate of resistance development for commonly used antibiotics have led to search for newer, more effective, affordable and easily available medicine. Medicinal plants have revived as a consequence of current problems associated with the use of antibiotics. Aqueous extracts of nine plants (pomegranate, sumac, sage, anise, hand bull tongue, thyme, cloves, lemon and mint) were qualitatively and quantitatively examined against twenty microbial isolates, mostly food borne including pathogens. (E.coli, Salmonella typhi and Candida albicans) antimicrobial screening was done by agar diffusion (well diffusion) and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. Among the screened plants, cloves were the most inhibitor against isolat

Analysis of the decayed apples (van. Starking delicious), collected from the local
market, for patulin mycotoxin, using column chromotography and TLC Plates showed
that the presence of the amount of patulin mycotoxin in the mouldy tissues (1.3 , 2.5 ,
3.4 , 4.2, 5.5, and 6.4 ) cm in diameters were (5.1, 5.8, 6.3, 10.5, 12.3, and 14 ) μg
patulin/g moldy tissues respectively. According to this research also, Patulin
mycotoxin could diffused to the surrounding mouldy tissues. It is found that (0.5and
0.2), (1.0 and 0.5), and (1.5 and 0.5) μg patulin/g tissues in the first and second
centimeters after mouldy tissues 4.2, 5.5 and 6.4 cm respectively, this phenomenon
due to the presence of intracellular spaces in the

Fifty isolates of Vibrio cholerae obtained from different areas in Iraq from patients with acute secretory diarrhea were diagnosed serologically in central public health laboratory(CPHL), Two different methods were used for detection cholera toxin production ,the first based on the degradation of Nicotin Amide Adinine Dinucleotide( NAD) by Cholera toxin (CT). and the second was by detection CT gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).All Vibrio cholerae were cultured in alkaline peptone water, out of 50 isolates 46 (92%) were positive when we used NAD for the detection of cholera toxin(CT).Whereas all isolates gave positive results by PCR. From these data we conclude that the degradation of NAD by CT is simple and can be carried out in sm

The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of banana leafs as a wound dressing in rabbits. Ten adults local breed male rabbits weighing between 1.5 – 2 kg were used. The animals were divided into two equal groups. Animals were anesthetized by xylazine 5 mg / kg BW mixed with ketamine 40 mg / kg BW intramuscularly. Under aseptic technique (4-6) avulsion wounds 1cm in diameter were made on the back region of each rabbit. Control group didn’t receive any treatment, while the treated group the wounds were covered by the banana leaf as poultice for 14 days. Histopathological and gross evaluation revealed that there are significant differences between the two groups, because banana leaf provides a clean, waxy non adheren

This study was planned to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella spp. One hundred bovine with different age and both sexes at slaughterhouse were examined. Four hundred samples were collected from different internal organ (bile, Liver, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes). Diagnostic study depended upon the morphological and cultural properties of the isolates on some selective media like Brilliant green, XLD, SS agar which used in addition to different biochemical tests, API-20E )Enterobacteriaceae Identification Kit.). Isolates were serotyped at the Central Public Health Laboratories (National Center of Salmonellae in Baghdad, Iraq). Eleven isolates consisting of Salmonella anatum (9.09%), S.newport (27.2

The susceptibility of the primary chick embryo chorioallontoic membrane cells to infectious bronchitis virus was evaluated after twenty consecutive passages in chick embryo chorioallontoic membrane cells. Virus replication was monitored by cytopathic observation, indirect immunoperoxidase, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). At 72 hours post-infection in third passage, the cytopathic effect was characterized by rounding up of cells, monolayer detachment, intracytoplasmic brownish colouration was readily observed by immunoperoxidase from 24hours p.i in third passage, and at all times the extracted viral RNA from IBV-infected monolayers was demonstrated by RT-PCR. Tissue culture ineffective dose50 (TCID50) was use

The present study was carried out at the Poultry Farm, College of Veterinary Medicine -Baghdad University, for powder sweet basil plant evaluation as feed additives, and its effect on the performance and health of broiler. Three hundred one day old Hubbard broiler chicks were used in this study. Chicks were weighed and randomly divided into 10 treatments groups, with 2 replicates (15chicks each).These groups were fed with the following rations: The 1st group was fed the basal diet (control group).The 2nd,3rd and 4th groups were fed the basal diet+0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 % basil powder for the first 3 weeks only respectively. At the 5th, 6th and 7th groups were fed the same basal diet +0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 % basil powder for the second 3 weeks respe

Twenty Awassi ewes aged 2-3 years were used in this experiment. Estrus was synchronized in these ewes by using intravaginal sponges containing

     The aim of this study was to evaluate the cellular immune responses of salt-Extractable Brucella abortus S19 antigens with immunoadjuvant soluble βeta-glucan in BALB/C mice later challenged with B. abortus virulent strain. The 0.72mg/ml of SEBA was used according to the results obtained from experiment to determine the macrophages Nitric oxide production and delayed type hypersensitivity test. One hundred BALB/C mice were divided into four groups. G1 were injected i.p with 0.2 ml of saline, G2 were vaccinated S.C with 0.1ml (10⁸ CFU/mouse) of B. abortus S19, G3 were vaccinated i.p. with 0.2 ml of salt-Extractable Brucella abortus S19 antigens and G4 were vaccinated

    أجريت دراسة تأثيرالعلاج التمهيدي باستعمال المركن كسيلازين وبجرعة (1.1) ملغم/كغم والمخدرالعام كيتامين بجرعة (2.2) ملغم/كغم والمرخي العضلي المركزي جوايفينيسين بجرعة (50-100) ملغم/كغم مع التخدير العام الانشاقي الايزوفلوران 5% على ستة من الخيول العربية الأصيلة لدراسة تأثيرها على بعض التحاليل الدموية والكيموحيوية حيث أخذت عينات الدم قبل التخدير وبعده بمدد 5 و15 و30 و60 و120 دقيقة وبعد 24 ساعة وأظهرت النتائج أن هنا

     The aim of the present work is to determine the hematological parameters in clinically normal local breed goats. The study was conducted on 130 goats (40 males of them 20 bucks and 20 buck kids and 90 females of them 20 doe kids, 20 dry does, 25 pregnant and 25 lactating does) aged 6 months-4 years in AL-Najaf province-Iraq. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein into EDTA tubes during October 2013 untill February 2014. Results showed that the ranges and means ±SE of blood picture were as follows; packed cell volume (PCV) 26-40% and 31.8±0.32%, Hemoglobin (Hb) 8-14.3g/dL and 10.3±0.13 g/dL, Red blood cell (RBC) 10.6-17×10⁶/μL and 13.3±0.14×10⁶/μL, Mean cell volume (MCV) 1

The current research aimed at obtaining principal data on the morphological developmental changes that could occur during the post hatching periods in the female genital system of the  Indigenous Mallard ducks and  to conduct that twenty (immature and mature) ducks were used. Gross findings have revealed that the left ovary in 4 weeks sold ducklings appeared small triangular in shape, located at the dorsal part of coelom in contact caudally with the cranial division of the left kidney and cranially with left lung. In 8 and 12 weeks the left ovary has enlarged showed prominent granular surface. The left oviduct appeared as thin, translucent straighten tube with unapparent regions fixed by a thin doubled folds of oviductal ligame

     Equine herpsvirus type1 was classified as a member of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae. It was reported to cause respiratory, reproductive and neurologic infection in horses. The reproductive form of the disease induces abortion in pregnant mare, while the neurologic form is associated with paralysis of infected horses. This study was designed for molecular detection of Equine herpsvirus type1 by polymerase chain reaction. Blood buffy coat samples were collected from 25 horses (Equus feruscaballus) and 25 donkeys (Equus asinus) admitted to local private veterinary clinics around Baghdad and Baaquba cities. DNA was extracted from such samples by the use of DNA extraction kit of COLLECTAG

A study wes conducted on the effect of two rearing systems (Cages and floor) and the environmental temperature on the egg production and mortality percent , of the laying hens. A total of 6000 Hisex Brown laying hens, 22 weeks old, were randomly divided in two closed houses. Hens in the first house were raised in cages while hens in the second house were raised on the floor, All birds were fed ad. Libitum a commertial laying diet. One year experiment was divided into 13 periods of 4 weeks each. At the end of each period, H.D, H.H. egg production and mortality percent were calculated The data indicated, that rearing system did not significantly affect the egg production of the laying hens, but the mortality percent were significantly (P&l

     Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus was isolated from broiler chickens in Northern Iraq. An inactivated vaccine was manufactured locally using as seed virus ELD50/ml10⁹ and then compared with commercial inactivated vaccine in an experimental study which included 120 broiler chicks divided into three groups (G1 unvaccinated control, G2 for commercial vaccine and G3 for local vaccine). The chicks were injected subcutaneously at 3 days old followed by booster Lasota live vaccine eye drop. Indirect ELISA technique was used to estimate the antibody titer from the collected sera of chicks at age 7, 17 and 27 days (pre-challenge) and challenged at 31 days old with the same virus. The results indicated that ther

From Ministry of Health records from 1989-1995, Giardiasis in human being was recorded betw

     One hundred and fifty stool sampling were collected from clinical sources responsible of causing diarrhea in adults as well as children. The identification of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates depended on common methods of identification dependent on biochemical characteristics and culture, then vitek2 compact system was used. Eight Aeromonas hydrophila isolates were gained and revealed various productivity of metalloprotease; the isolate number 8 was the maximum effective in metalloprotease production. The eight isolates were examined with Polymerase Chain Reaction to prove enzyme gene presence, the results revealed that all isolates were positive for ahMP genes; metalloprotease was comple

Outbreaks of rinderpest in cattle occurred in Mosul area between February to June 1987. The morbidity and mortality

Six deeply anestrus Arabian mares associated with small, hard inactive ovaries were treated with synthetic

     The aim of the current study was to compare the efficacy of Kessler suture pattern and polypropylene meshes implantation to repair severed Achilles tendons in bucks. For this purpos 16 local adult bucks, weighing 30-35kg were used and equally distributed into two groups, the first group: (control group) and the second group (mesh group). Animals were sedated with xylazine 2% and anesthetized locally with lidocaine hydrochloride 2% infiltrated subcutaneously. Skin incision approximately 5 cm. in length was made over the Achilles tendon. The tendon was isolated by blunt dissection from the underlying tissue, then the left Achilles tendon was transected in its mid portion. In the control group, tenorrhaphy of Achill

     The study achieved isolating Campylobacter spp from  diarrheic and non-diarrheic  cows  and studying the percentage of diarrhea in 10 areas in Baghdad governorate (AL Shaeluh, Abou Ghurayb , Khadmyia , Sadar city , Suwyria, Mahmudyia, Latifyia , Alridwaniuh, Hur Rajb  and Yousfyia), One thousand fecal  samples were cultured on different selective culture media specific for Campylobacter spp  ,and different biochemical tests  were used (oxidase reaction, Oxoid biochemical identification system campy, Tripple Sugar Iron ( TSI)  , hippurate hydrolysis and the use of Vietik (NH). Eighty isolates of  Campylobacter spp were recorded ( 8% ).Camp

     In this investigation the common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. 1758 was exposed to contaminated feed with Aspergillus flavus under laboratory aquarium conditions (glass ponds) for 90 days. Results revealed that the contaminated feed with (A. flavus) has significantly affect in body weight change, blood and biochemical parameters of groups fed on contaminated feed with A. flavus. Body weight changes were decreased in group feeding on contaminated feed with A. flavus in comparison with control group. The results showed decreases in RBCs, PCV% and Hb concentration but WBCs was increased in treatment fish in comparison with the control group. In addition, serum Glutamic pyruvic

The effect of sub-clinical level of H. contortus infection (500 larvae/kg. bodyweight) over the lambing period and first 6 weeks of lactation on lambs birth weight, milk yield and composition were noted. This level of infection was significantly reflected (5%) on lamb birth weight, while lamb weight gain was not markedly affected. During lactation, infected ewes produced 14% less milk and this was highly significant at 1% level, despite the associated fall in egg count. Infected ewes showed a significant reduction (5%) in the milk protein percentage, while milk fat percentage was not substantially affected. Thus the ewe appears to be particularly susceptible to the effect of parasitism at this time.

This report documents an outbreak of contagious ecthyma in adult Iraqi sheep with high morbidity and low mortality. The clinioal f

Twenty Shami goats, aged 2-4 years at time of parturition were suffering from dystocia due to incomlete dilatation

The objective of this study was investigate the Physiological effect of
different concentrations of cadmium chloride in drinking water on some
biochemical and haematological parameters of male rats. Animals in this
experiment were randomly divided into four equal groups and treated for 15
weeks as follows : Rats in control group were offered ordinary tap water ,
while animal in M1 , M2 , and M3 were received 10 , 20 , 30 ppm Cdcl2 in
drinking water, respectively. The activity of Alanine aminotransferase
(ALP), Aspartate aminotrasferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in
serum were measured. Further mor, hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and
white blood cells count (WBCs) were detected. The result revealed that

This study lasted for eight months .The main objectives of the study were
to identify the main sources of raw milk pollution with Salmonella with a
special emphasis on determination of their serotypes. The relationship between
their resistance to antibiotics and their plasmide contents were also studied.
Six hundred raw milk samples collected randomly at weekly intervals where the
first (300) samples were from the individual milk cans (50 Kg each) at the
producers homes in Abu-Ghraib village while the second (300) samples were
collected from the scale bulk tanks (2 tons) inside the milk reception and
collection center at the same village.
In addition to that (200) swabs were taken from four different location (

397 fecal samples were collected from dogs of different breeds, ages and
sex. Detection of rotavirus was achieved by two techniques latex
agglutination test and agar gel diffusion test. Blood samples were
collected to study various hematological parameters.
The results showed that 95 samples were positive to rotavirus 23
samples (24.2%) were from diarrheic cases and 72 samples (75.8%)
were from non diarrheic cases.
Younger dogs were more affected with rotavirus infection 17 positive
cases than older ages 6 positive cases. The results showed that diarrheic
cases caused by rotavirus were 23 cases (25.3%) that were less than the
diarrheic cases caused by other agents 68 cases (74.7%).
It had been shown that

Survey on the distribution of Hydatiddosis in sheep in A Anbar province have
been done during period 1/1/2OO2to31/12/2002. This survey showed that
℅28.29 of sheep suffering from Hydatidosis also showed that the infection is
more in female than in male .The incidence was increased in cold season,
meanwhile the percentage of organ infection in both male & female being low in
liver but higher in lung and the infection the highest in organs, liver and lung
together.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the analgesic effect of Acepromazine 0.05 mg.
/kg B. w. and Lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg each alone or in combinations on the flank region in sheep after
giving the drugs by lumbosacral injection. Fifteen healthy adult local breed sheep of both sexes
weighting (17.50-30 kg) were used. Sheep were divided into three equal groups. Group (A),
Acepromazine, group (B) Lidocaine, and group (C) Acepromazine and Lidocaine mixture. Data
were collected immediately before administration of drugs (zero time) as control data. Parameters
were included clinical measures: Heart Rate, Respiratory Rate, Rectal Temperature, Scores of
analgesia of the flank, low abdomen, perineum, tail, hind