In recent decades, exotic pets are increasingly invited to homes with a wide range of variation in species and requirements that are more specialized. During a one-year period, 2408 exotic animals admitted to the Small Animal Veterinary Hospital, University of Tehran were assessed. Rabbits, hamsters, squirrels, turtles/tortoises, guinea pigs, lizards, hedgehogs, reindeer, monkeys, and snakes were referred, respectively. Owner referral cause and their gender in addition to the disease diagnosis were analyzed. While no statistical significance (P>0.05) was observed in the total number of men and women presenting these animals, gender-based preferences were spotted for owning specific types of animal species

     The current study was designed to determine the infection rate of intestinal protozoa in sheep and their handlers, and in their drinking water, in Wasit province, so as to study the relationship between contamination of drinking water with protozoal pathogen and infection in sheep and handlers in the period from the beginning of September 2015 to the end of February 2016. Two hundred eighty fecal samples were collected: (180) samples from sheep and 100 samples from human (50 handlers and 50 from non handlers), 50 drinking water samples were collected (18 samples; human tap water and RO bottled water and 32 samples river water). All samples were examined by conventional methods (direct moist smears, flotation with

Survival of E. coli (0114:K90) on each of glass, wood, polystyrene

The present study was conducted in two different farms, including (256) foaling mares in : AL-Laith equine herd and equestrian club in AL-Ameria, 4-14 years old foaling mares which are situated in areas around Baghdad and extended one calendar from July 2011 until July 2012 . These mares were examined for pregnancy diagnosis by trans-rectal ultrasonography using a 5 MHz lineararray transducer between Days 10 and 40 after breeding (breeding day = Day 0). Criteria to assess the accuracy of trans-rectal sonography were overall accuracy (correct diagnoses/all diagnoses), sensitivity (correct diagnoses "pregnant"/all pregnant animals), and specificity (correct diagnoses "non-pregnant" /all non-pregnant animals. The sensitivity, specificity an

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of formaldehyde on the kidney <

     This study was designed   to investigate the oestrus activity, oestrogen profile and enzymatic change Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at different stage of gestation and parturition in shami and Iraqi goat. A total of 30 mature female goat of two different breed (fifteen animals / each) were used, their reproduction was followed from January upto July -2013. The investigation included studying oestrus synchronization and allowing the animal to be mated naturally by proven buck. Blood sample were collected before gestation then every fifteen days until parturition. Results showed 100 % of female express estruse after synchronization and (73% and 67%) in shami and Iraqi goats respectively, become pregnant. Reg

     This study was carried out to investigate the hepatotoxicity of chronic adminstration of an immunosuppressant Tacrolimus in male albino rats. Thirty male albino rats were randomly divided into 3 equal groups, the first one (T1) recieved therapeutic dose (70µg/kg.BW) of Tacrolimus. The second group (T2) recieved double dose (140 µg/kg.BW) of Tacrolimus, while the third group recieved distilled water for the same period and considered as control (C). Alanine aminotransferase, Aspartate aminotransferases, Alkaline Phosphatase, serum potassium and serum calcium showed significant increase in both treated groups T1 and T2 as compared  with control, proportional to the dose of Tacrolimus. There were histopatholo

The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of two probiotic
products, Biomin and Iraqi Probiotic, on some blood and biochemical properties
and intestinal microflora population in broiler chicks. A total of 500 Lohman
broiler chicks, one day old, were randomly distributed into five dietary groups as
follow:
T1: chicks fed on diet with half dose of Biomin (1.5 Kg/ Ton diet).
T2: chicks fed on diet with full dose of Biomin. (3 Kg/ Ton diet)
T3: chicks fed on diet with half dose of Iraqi probiotic. (2.5 Kg/ Ton diet)
T4: chicks fed on diet with full dose of Iraqi probiotic. (5 Kg/ Ton diet)
T5: chicks fed slandered diet. (Control)
Results obtained from the present study showed that both probiotics we

أجريت هذه الدراسة لتوضيح حالة الاصابة بطفيلي المشعرات في الحمام. تم فحص 168 حمامة داجنة  Columba livia domestica من المناطق المختلفة لمحافظة بغداد أبتداء من تشرين الثاني 2012 وحتى ايلول 2013. تمت دراسة الاعراض السريرية والافات المرضية العيانية لذكور، اناث وزغاليل الحمام المصابة طبيعياً بطفيلي T.gallinae.

     سجلت النتائج وجود مادة صفراء متجبنة في تجويف الفم، المرئ، الحوصلة والمعدة الحقيقية كذلك وجود

This study was conducted to know thehematological changes of anemia in horsesat equestrian club in Baghdad. Blood samples were collected from 151 horses of both sexes(74 male and 77 female) and different agesrandomly. The study includedred blood cells count, white blood cells, hemoglobin, packed cell volume and differential blood smears, togetherwith erythrocyte sedimentation rate readings. The study showed increased white blood cells count mainly neutrophilwith decreased hemoglobinand red blood cell countin addition to erythrocyte sedimentation rate.The blood smears showeddifferent changes of red blood cell.

The objective of the present investigation to study the effect of

This study was carried out at the College of VeterinaryMedicine, University of Baghdad,
for two months, to study the beef luncheon meat in Baghdad city by evalutuation some
Physicochemical and bacteriological features the obtained data revealed the following results:
Physicochemical indicated that myoglobin concentration, was low for all sample of meat with
no significant differences in marks which were 163.3 – 178.7 mg/100g meat. Total volatile
nitrogen (TVN) values were more the allowance limits especially in food and mark which
were 20.4mgN/100g meat with no significant differences in marks. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA)
values and Free Fatty acid (FFA) percentages were withen the allowance limits in all marks.
B

     The aim of this study was to evaluate virulence of local isolated avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus in experimentally infected chicken. Forty chickens 10 weeks old were used for the experimental infection with the locally isolated infectious laryngotracheitis virus. Chickens were divided into three groups, the first group consisted from 20 chickens infected with isolated infectious laryngotracheitis virus (2×10^4.16 TCID 50/50 µl) via eyes and mouth drops (one drop for each). The second group consisted of 10 chickens (non-infected) in contact with infected group inoculated with maintenance media (Minimum essential medium) on their eyes, to observe if the infected group can spread the virus. The

     Hydatid Cysts were obtained from 15 cows from liver, lung, spleen, heart, and peritoneal cavity, between December 2014 and October 2015. Hydatid cysts (protoscoleces) were used for deoxyribonucleic acid extraction by using mechanical grinder. The purification of mtDNA was done by (promega kit, USA). The mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) genes was used as targets for polymerase chain reaction amplification, all hydatid cysts yielded amplification products. Polymerase chain reaction product for NADH1 800 basic pair. The polymerase chain reaction products were purified and partial sequences were generated. The sequences obtained were found to align with corresponding region for ND1 g

Single cell protein was used to replace 0,7,10,13 and 16% of soyabean meal in diets for

The aim of this study is to detect the prevalence of macroscopic sarcocystosis of 480 wild birds ( 82 Pygmy cormorant, 34 Black Stork, 99Common Gull,74 little Egret, 91Raven and 100 Mallard) were hunted from October 2009 to September 2010 in Al Rashdia areae /Baghdad . The macroscopic infection total was 9.58%. it was regarded to monthly variation. It was 27.5% in February and 2.5% in August. The highest infection rate was in the thorax muscles (6.2%) and the lowest in the neck muscles (1.6%), Also the macroscopic infection rate was higher (13.5%) in males than females (5%).

     Some enzymes of seminal plasma such as, Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, Glutamic Pyruvic transaminase, Acid phosphatase and Alkaline phosphatase are essential for metabolic processes which provide energy for viability, motility and fertility of spermatozoa. These enzymes are used as good indicators of semen quality as they measure the plasma membrane stability of spermatozoa, so the aims of study are to estimate the enzymes level and total protein in seminal plasma of Holstein bulls. In present the available knowledge there is no study in Iraq regarding the effect of using magnetically treated water on enzymes and total protein in seminal plasma of Holstein bulls born in Iraq to improve the Artificial Insemina

Fourteen Bulgarian pregnant ewes (three months of gestation), were used and divided in two groups, one group was inoculated with 500 infective larvae /kg. body weight, the other group remained non-infected control. Productive parameters, blood changes were recorded and faecal egg counts were examined weekly. Marked reduction in food intake was recorded in infected ewes, especially during prelambing period. No obvious differences were noted between both groups after lambing. Slight differences in body weight gain were recorded between both groups until labour, while after lambing, the weight losses of infected ewes were highly significant 1%. No effect of infection has been seen on fleece weight, while significant depression in the haemog

     Fecal samples were collected from eleven animal species, representing, different species. Samples were collected from cages before daily cleaning, in clean container, the sample was homogenized in tube contain sterile saline and kept for 30 min. and transferring 1 ml of the supernatant into Sabouraud Dextrose broth and incubate at 25-30˚C for two weeks, then 0.1 ml were seeded in Petri dishes containing Sabouraud Dextrose agar with chloramphenicol (50 mg/l). Results indicates high percents isolate for Geotrichum candidium (70.90%) of all animals,  the high percents was from Porcupines, Kangaroos, Camels, and ponies (100%), followed by Wolves, Lamas, Dogs, Monkys, Mountain goats, Deers and

One hundred & six blood smears from buffaloes, slaughtered at Al- Futhaliya slaughter house

 The present study was carried on to compare several methods for identification of Cryptosporidium oocysts s

The effect of sub-clinical level of H. contortus infection (500 larvae/kg. bodyweight) over the lambing period and first 6 weeks of lactation on lambs birth weight, milk yield and composition were noted. This level of infection was significantly reflected (5%) on lamb birth weight, while lamb weight gain was not markedly affected. During lactation, infected ewes produced 14% less milk and this was highly significant at 1% level, despite the associated fall in egg count. Infected ewes showed a significant reduction (5%) in the milk protein percentage, while milk fat percentage was not substantially affected. Thus the ewe appears to be particularly susceptible to the effect of parasitism at this time.

Objectives of this study were to evaluate hematological and biochemical parameters in rats ingested toxic doses of CuSO4.5H2O. Thirty six rats divided into 3 equal groups. First group ingested orally distilled water / day for 3 months and considered as control group , second group was drenched 8 mg /kg B.W /day of CuSO4.5H2O for 3 months and considered as Treated group1 (T1). Third group was drenched 40 mg /kg B.W /day of CuSO4.5H2O for 3 months and considered as Treated group2 (T2). Blood collection was done by direct cardiac puncture every month for hematological and biochemical examinations. Hematological parameters showed that anemia caused by CuSO4.5H2O toxicity was of microcytic hypochromic type with significant increase of neutrop

This study was designed to investigate the effect of molybdate and sulfate overload alone or in combination overload intake on copper outcome in mature male rats. Twenty eight adult male rats were housed and randomly divided into four equal groups and treated as follows for 60 days: control, groups (T1) rats received sodium molybdate 50 mg/kg B.W and (T2) rats of this group were given orally 500 mg/kg B.W of sodium sulfate. Animals in the (T3) group were given sodium molybdate and sodium sulfate in combination at half dose in comparison with T1 and T2 doses. The severity of toxic symptoms were more noticed at the end of experiment especially in T1 followed by T2, while T3 showed the least toxic symptoms, also the body weight change recor

     The character and timing of gyral and sulci development is one manifestation of the complex orchestration of human brain development. This work describes the morphometry and thickness measurement of human neonate cerebral cortex at age of 28 days. Four Brains samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffer formalin for 24 hrs. Slides from various brain regions were prepared and routine hamatoxylin and eosine staining procedure was applied using histological technique. The present results clarify that the brain mean measurement from the frontal to the occipital pole was 189.6 mm, while the measurements of the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital cortices were 4.06, 3.84, 3.48 and 3.68 mm, respectively.

This study was aimed to find out the effect of Zingiber 2.5% and vit.E
(administrated a dose of 400mg/head) on some reproductive traits of 18
Awassi male lambs. Divided randomly into three groups equally. The result
showed significant (P<0.05) increase in serum testosterone concentration and
semen traits in animals group one which received ginger and group two where
the animals received vit E and ginger comparing to the control group , that
vit.E gave better results in these measurements in group two.

        The present study aimed at producing the ligninolytic enzymes extracts by growing single and co-cultures of an indigenous Aspergillus terreus SG-777 utilizing solid state fermentation (SSF) using lignocellulosic substrates. A further goal was to optimize the production condition of ligninolytic enzymes by selected fungal culture and lignocellulosic substrate. The production process was further improved by optimizing a number of physical parameters such as (substrate, incubation time, moisture level, inoculum size, pH, and temperature). By optimization of different parameters, the maximum specific activities of enzymes synthesized by Aspergillus terreus SG-777 were observed as 0

     This study is designed to investigate the effect of acrylamide on some metabolic syndrome parameters in adult male rats relative to fructose. Forty adult male rats were randomly divided into four equal groups (ten rat/group) and treated for 60 days as follows: Control: Rats in this group were received distilled water orally, groups T1 and T2: rats of these groups were given orally 0.5 and 1mg/kg B.W acrylamide respectively. Animals in the fourth (T3) group were given 40% fructose in drinking water. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture technique at different periods 0, 30 and 60 day of the experiment for measuring serum concentration of the following parameters related to metabolic syn