A study was dane on 300 cases of Colibacillosis in broiler chickens collected from poultry farms in Baghdad. Escherichia coli was isolated from all cases from heart blood. The highest incidence (45%) of the disease was noticed among the 3-4 weeks old chickens. The antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that all isolates were resistant to  Chloramphenical, Tetracycline,Lincomycin and Erythromycin. Ninty five percent of the isolates were resistant to Sulfa Trimethoprim mixture and 40% to Ampicillin. Serotyping of some of the isolates  showed that the serotypes 01, 02 and 078 were the most prevalent types; other serotypes were also identified especially 035, 036, 088 and 018.

The thyroid gland of Camelus dromedrius is located directly behind the larynx. It consists of two lateral lobes at the sides of trachea. The lobes are connected to each other by a caudal isthmus from the ventral surface. The lobes extend to the seventh tracheal ring and even to the eighth or ninth ring. The medial surface of the lobes is adhered to trachea. The lateral surfaces are convex. Also, the dorsal and ventral edges of the lobes are convex.

The thyroid gland receives blood via caudal thyroid artery and cranial thyroid artery. A third artery which is initiated from the common carotid artery serves as a medial thyroid artery.

Histological observation showed that the lobes and isthmus are surrounded by an external ca

A study on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of horses in Baghdad area extending over a period of one year , revealed two small peaks in worm egg counts , one in spring and the other in autumn and treatment routines should be based on this information. During the hot and dry summer months of Iraq, helminth infection was at low level.

Faecal culture for larvae and their identification indicated the predominance of small red worm infection in the horses.

There were no available sufficient stuties on brucellosis among camels in our counrty. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the prevalence of brucellosis in camels slaughtered for meat purposes in Najaf abattoire. Data for camels in this study was obtained from 515 blood samples collected from both sexes. The serum samples were tested by Rose Benge! Plate test (REPT), serum (tube) agglutination test (TAT) and the slide agglutination test (SAT) using Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis antigens. The overall results of RBPT, TAT and SAT were 6.6%, 1.74% and 3.1%, 2.3% respectively. The percentage of the females positive reactors was 4.85% to RBPT, 1.35 to the TAT and 2.33, 1.94 to SAT (by Br. abortus antigen and Br. Melitensi

This study was done to evaluste the possible effect of mixing coligen vaccine prepared from E£. coli with hemorrhagic septicaemia vaccine prepared from P. multocida on the development of immmity. Awwasi sheep were used as experimental animals. A slight increase in the mean antibody titers in the animal group vaccinated with the mixed vaccine compared to the groups received each vaccine separately was noticed. Challenge experiment showed that protection against heterologous organiams by using homologous vaccine was low (12.5%) in comparison with the group received homologous vaccine (protection 87.5%). No detectable reaction tms noticed with the antisera and heterologous antigens.

A study wes conducted on the effect of two rearing systems (Cages and floor) and the environmental temperature on the egg production and mortality percent , of the laying hens. A total of 6000 Hisex Brown laying hens, 22 weeks old, were randomly divided in two closed houses. Hens in the first house were raised in cages while hens in the second house were raised on the floor, All birds were fed ad. Libitum a commertial laying diet. One year experiment was divided into 13 periods of 4 weeks each. At the end of each period, H.D, H.H. egg production and mortality percent were calculated The data indicated, that rearing system did not significantly affect the egg production of the laying hens, but the mortality percent were significantly (P&l

This work was conducted to study the possibility of feeding date stone meal (DSM) to 280 commercial Hisex Brown Pullets during the rearing Period (6-20) weeks of age. The rates of inclusion were O/T1, 30/T2, 60/T3. Seven treatments with two replicates for each were used. Results showed that Pullets in Tl were significant)y heavier at the end of rearing period than those fed no DSM P < 0.05. While Pullets in T3 were significantly lighter than all treatment P < 0.05. Food consumption differed significantly between treatments only during the age of 14-20 weeks P < 0.05. Whereas, egg production was significantly lower in T3 than in all other treatments. Mortality, on the other hand, was not effected by treatments.

Liver biopsies were taken from (89) cattle slaughtered at modern Baghdad abattoir. Macroscopic examination of livers showed that (28.11%) of cases were infected with chronic fascioliasis, while (1.12%) of livers showed acute fascioliasis and (2.24%) of livers showed chronic fascioliasis with hydatidosis. Hydatid cysts were present in (6.74%) of inspected livers, telangiectasis of the livers found in (3.37%) of cases, focal hepatic necrosis (Saw dust) was observed in (19.1%), liver abscesses constituted (1.12%) and (38.2%) of livers had no significant gross lesions. The diagnosis of liver diseases in cattle using liver biopsy technique was more successful when the lesion was extensively diffuse in the liver.

170 ejaculates collection from "14" Friesian bulls born in Iraq to study the variation in freezing point of these ejaculates, effect of bulls age on it, the relationship between it with some semen characteristics and freezability of ejaculates. The result of this study can summarized in:

• Freezing point of bull semen was ranged between -0,.55 to -0.67 C, bulls age were effected on it, and point of bull semen and individual motility, mass motility and sperm concentration mld/al. but I thas significant negative correlation with hydrogen ion concentration.
• Freezability of ejaculates increase with more decrease in freezing point of it. The correlation between freezing point of bull semen and individual motility, survi

One hundred and twenty Hisex Brown commercial layers at the age of 40 weeks were divided into 3 groups each was subdivided into 4 replicants. Each group was given one of three diets contained either 0.54, 1.04 or 1.54% available phosphorus and 3.0% calcium for one month. Egg production was recorded, and eggs and shells were weighed. Group 2 produced more egg (12.18 egg/day) than group 1 (9.31 egg/day) and group 3 (9.3 egg/day). Groups received higher percentage of available phosphorus in their diets produced heavier eggs (65.14, 67.67 and 68.28 g/egg respectively). Egg shell weight was increased accordingly when available phosphorus in the diet was raised (7.88, 8.85 and 9.0 g/egg respectively). It was concluded that the available phosph

This study was carried out in Artificial Insemination Depart-cat / Abu-Ghraib on Friesian bulls born in Iraq. Twenty-four ejaculates were used in two experiments to study the suitability of three procedures

of adding glycerol namely "G1, G2 and G3" to extenders “TYC, TYFG, SMYLG and Laci", The results of this study could be summarized as follows:-

a. Interaction between extender and type of adding glycerol was significant in some characteristics.

b. The type two of adding glycerol "G2" had had results in extenders on Frozen semen characteristics.

c. No significant difference between the two type of adding glycerol "Gi and G3 ", but G3 had good results more than Gi in SMYLQ extender. So the type on G1 of

Four groups of 36 days old chicks were infected experimentally with mycoplasma ‎gallisepticun suspension while a control group was injected with nutrient broth and ‎another control group was left uninfected  Thtee of the infected groups were treated with ‎either Tylosin Spiramycin or  lincomycin.‎
Parameters of airsacculitis score, and weight gain food conversion were used to evaluate ‎the treatment.‎
Also, the residues of tylosin in blood plasm nd muscles and the level of spiramycin in blood ‎plasma was estimated by a microbiological assay.‎
    The results showed significant differences between infected and non-infected ‎groups with all parameters used Treatment with tylosin and apramycin

This study was performed to define the best nutritional level expressed according to Morrison feeding standard 80%, 100% and 120% of these standards were given to three groups of awassi lumbs. Results indicated the superiority of the 120% level in reaching the slaagter weight (45 Kg).The experiment also reflected that digestibility in goats is better than that in sheep.

Male reproductive health is intricately regulated by molecular and physiological processes, with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) playing a crucial role. AhR is activated by various ligands and influences the onset and progression of diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of AhR on spermatogenesis in adult male rats were affected by resveratrol (RES) and CH223191, an AhR antagonist. The study include forty rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: Control group, DMSO group, RES group and AhR‾ group, the rats received respective treatments intraperitoneally twice weekly for 60 days, and various parameters related to male reproductive health were evaluated. The AhR that activation by the RES treatment were e

The study aimed to assess the effects of different concentrations of Ziziphus spina-Christi (ZSC) leaves on the fertility of buck goats. Twelve buck goats aged 12–15 months with an average body weight of 22±2 kg were divided randomly into three dietary treatments: T1, T2, and T3, each given a basal diet daily plus feeds of 20 g/kg (2%) of ZSC for T1 and 40 g/kg (4%) of ZSC for ‎T2; and T3 was used as the control that consumed a basal diet only. The experiment lasted for 3 months. On days 45 and 90, blood samples were collected for plasma testosterone measurement using an immunochromatographic assay. Additionally, semen samples were collected at the same time points for physical (volume, color, and pH) and microscopic (semen concentr

A study on the quality of milk produced in "Fadhilia Village" near Baghdad extending over a period of one year,

It has been reported that coronary vasodilator reserve (CVDR) is reduced at the age

The incidence of ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP), and its relation to Pasteurella haemolytica

Administration of bromocriptine (100 g) to rats on day 7 of pseudopregnancy (P.P.) caused a marked reduction in P.P. length associated with a significant reduction

The effeciancy of some anticoccidial drugs were tested for the treatment fo E. tenella infection in chickens. Four drugs were used. The first was

This study was conducted as an attempt to determine the epidemiology of rinderpest in Awassi sheep and Levantine goats in an area endemic to rinderpest. A herd of sheep and goats that were in contact with cows and buffalo that were infected with rinderpest was examined. Naturally, blood serum samples were collected and examined using an agricultural neutralization test prepared from the kidneys of calves. We did not observe any clinical signs in sheep and goats that lived in coexistence with cows and buffaloes infected with rinderpest.
This study demonstrated the absence of antibodies to rinderpest infection in the sera of the sheep and goats that were examined, which indicates the absence of hidden rinder

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus type 0 was isolated from blood of two dead

The anthelmintic efficacy of nitroxynil was tested in three groups (A, B and C) of artificially infected sheep with Fasciola gigantica. Bach animal was given six metacercariae/

Hazardous residues in milk are reviewed with a special emphasis upon antibiotic residues in cow's milk. In this study a

The prevalence of hydatidosis in sheep, goats and cattle, slaughtered at Baghdad Abattoir, was

This study was designed to determine for the first time in Iraq the clinical and biochemical