This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of body condition score (BCS) and supplementary feeding
on the reproductive performance of Awassi ewes.
One hundred sixty Awassi ewes aged 3-5 years (Average live weight 47.41±0.76) were used in a
completely randomized design. Six weeks before mating ewes were screened for their body condition
score (BCS) and divided into two groups, low BCS (<2.0) and high BCS (>2.0) and ewes in each group
were subdivided according to BCS and to non-supplemented and supplemented groups (n=40 ewes
).Therefore, the four groups were:
1. Group (LBCN) = Low Body Condition Non-supplemented.
2. Group (LBCS) = Low Body Condition Supplemented.
3. Group (HBCN) = High Body Condition

This experiment was carried out at poultry farms College of Agriculture University of Baghdad to study the effects

The distribution of alpha naphthyl asetrase and naphthol AS-D acetate esterase was studied in

Branchiomycosis is a fungal disease that infects fish gills. It was
identified by isolation and histopathological changes of examined gills in
common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) which, were obtained from fish farm in
Duhok Governorate, Iraq. The infected fish were suffering from respiratory
disorders; gulping air at the water surface, rapid movement of operculum and
massive mortality, which resulted in the loss of 95% of fish pond. The gills
appear marbled appearance with necrotic areas on the localized damage gills.
The causal pathogen was identified as Branchiomyces sanguinis, in which the
diameter of spores and non-septated hyphae are 5-7 μm and 12 – 20 μm,
respectively. In histopathological preparation,

The current study conducted in the Duhok province villages, Kurdistan region of Iraq during the period between September-December 2008, fulfilled by using Rosebengal and ELISA tests cattle of different sex and age were used comparing between these two tests and to determine the prevalence rate by both tests. A total number of 360 serum samples were collected (294 females, 66 males). The infected rate by RBT was 6.38% and by ELISA were 0.83%. According to the different animal ages and sex group showed that the infection rates were 5.4% and 12.1% in females and males, respectively. Cattle in age group 1-3 years and more than 4 years were showed that an infection rates were 3.8% and 11.8% respectively.

Back ground: Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonosis that causes economic losses in animal herds due to abortion and stillbirth as well as changes in the reproductive and neural system of susceptible animals . Objective: The aims of the present study is to determination the prevalence of T. gondii in farm animals ( sheep& goat)of both genders and different ages in Sulaimani province by using two serological tests (ELISA and LAT). Methods: Blood samples were collected from farm animals ,142 sheep and 46 goats , of different sexes and ages. Tow different serological tests ,ELISA and LAT for qualitative determination of T. gondii antibody titer in sheep and goats serum samples. Results: The prevalence rate in sheep was 73 (51.7 %) and 82

The purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy and safety of
intratesticular injection of ethanol or formalin as a novel method for
chemosterilization of rabbits. Twenty rabbits, aged (6-8 months) and weighed
(1.3-1.5) kg were used. They were randomly divided into two equal groups. In
the first group, absolute ethanol and in the second group, formalin1% at a dose
of 1ml/testis for each agent were injected under the effect of xylazine, by
insertion of the needle from the caudo-ventral aspect of the testis then pushed in
the center of the testis toward the cranio-dorsal pole of the testis. Orchidectomy
was done at first and second months postinjection, samples from the testes and
epididymis were taken for

During the period from November 2007 till October 2008, a total of 255 specimens of the cyprinid fish, from freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758, were collected from fish markets east of Baghdad city. Microscopic examination of these fishes revealed that they were infected with two species of the crustaceans ]Argulus foliaceus (0.8%) and Ergasilus sieboldi (20%)[.The present study included the following: The clinical signs which were caused by the crustaceans, which included redness and an opacity of the skin, increase of mucus secretion and rapid movements of the operculum. The percentage incidence of the infection with these parasites were also found to be related to different length groups of the host, the larger fishes were

In order to study the pathogenesis of the Pasteurella multocida in its natural rout of infection, this study was done to investigate and compare its pathogenesis after intranasal and intraocular infection.Thirty (30) rabbits were divided into three groups, the 1st group (n=12) infected with 240 CFU of Pasteurella multocida intra-nasal, the 2nd (n=12) infected with 240 CFU of P. multocida intra-ocular (eye drop), and the 3rd group (n=6) served as control negative. The animals were sacrificed if they did not die naturally at 24-48hr, 3, 6, 9, 30 day post-infection (p.i.). The results showed dullness of the animals with nasal and ocular discharge and some animals dead at 48hr and 72 hr p.i. (two animals from the 1st group and four animals f

The histological observations of this study which conducted on nasal cavity of black Iraqi goat revealed that the nasal cavity consisted of three regions (vestibular, respiratory and olfactory(.The vestibular region was narrow zone, lined with (non keratinized) stratified squamous epithelium, and its propria submucosa contained serous glands and blood vessels.The respiratory region was lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia with goblet cells. The vascular propria submucosa had mucous glands, which were positive to periodic acdic shieff and Alcian blue stains. The olfactory region was lined with thick pseudostratified columnar epithelium devoid of goblet cells and contained, the propria submucosa serous simple acinus Alci

A total of 50 fecal samples were collected from buffalo calves ages between 3 days to 4 months, in middle area of Iraq (Baghdad, Salahaldden, Babylon, Diyala, and Wasit) between July 2016 to June 2017. All samples were examined by Immuno-chromatographic rapid tests for detection of buffalo rotavirus, twenty samples were positive. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. test was also used and  revealed only 8  positive samples, the later samples   were used for viral isolation on  fetal bovine kidney cell culture for detection the cytopathogenic  effects of the virus. The cytopathogenic effects of virus were induced rounded cells and gaps; as a result of rupture of these infected cells by rotavirus. Moreover Enzym

This study included 150 swabs were taken from patients was suffering
from different burns. The most common fungi isolated from burn wound were
Aspergillus spp. (44.0%) at 37o and (38.17%) at 25o which include Aspergillus
niger (9.31%) at 37o and (12.42%) at 25o , Aspergillus fumigatus (4.34%) at 37o
and (10.55%) at 25o and Aspergillus flavus (0%) at 37o and (9.93%) at 25o ,
followed by Candida spp. (7.45%) at 37o and (7.45%) at 25o, Which includes
Blastomyces dermatitidis (0.62%) at 37o and (0.62%) at 25o, Helminthosporum
(0%) at 37o and (0.62%) at 25o, Trichophyton terrestre (0%) at 37o and (0.62%)
at 25o and Microsporum ajelloi (0%) at 37o and (0.62%) at 25o.The results of
minimal inhibitory concentration of

This study was conducted to investigate the histopathological changes of cestodes chronic intestinal infections in ten local domesticated ducks (Anas platyrhynchas) during the period 1/9/2016- 1/10/2017 in Baghdad city. Results showed severe destruction in the intestinal mucosa ,sloughing and desquamation of the epithelia and severe destruction with distortion or complete loss of the intestinal villi, complete loss of the mucosal and submucosa layers with destruction of intestinal glands and there is a severe infiltration of inflammatory cells mainly mononuclear cells in the lamina propria, and a focal necrosis in the intestinal mucosa.The submucosa showed an infiltration of macrophages and few lymphocytes, severe necrosis , calcificatio

In this study a fabrication of three groups of biological system for bone scaffold, which consist of first group samples (Acrylic bone cement: % X poly methyl meth acrylate ), second group samples (poly methyl meth acrylate: % X Acrylic bone cement), with selected weight percentages of second material are (5, 10,15 and 20 % wt.) and third group, (Acrylic bone cement: 15 % poly methyl meth acrylate : % X starch) with selected weight percentage ratios of starch are (2, 4 and 6 %wt.). In vitro biological activity and water absorption have been studied. The results clarified that the in vitro biological activity test showed that all fabricated samples have no biological influence on the gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and gram negat

Rabies was diagnosed (for the first time) in clinically suspected rabid Iraqi cows and ewes by using histopathological methods. The result showed 3 positive cases 2 cows from Baghdad governorate and 1 ewe from Al - Basra governorate. The gross pathological changes included swelling of cerebrum and cerebellum, multiple hemorrhagic spots within cerebral parenchyma, and sever congestion in meningial blood vessels. The histopathological changes showed specific changes represented by Negri bodies as intracytoplasmic inclusions within Purkinje cells in cerebellum and Babes nodules in cerebrum and medulla oblongata. Non specific changes included edema, hemorrhages, cellular necrosis, lymphocytic foci and lymphocytic and mononuclear cuffing surr

The present study was carried out at Bakrajo field station which belongs to the college of Agriculture University Sulaimanya during the period from the1st of April untill 30th of October 2009.This study include 10 crossbred Friesian cows aged 5-7 years old to study some hematological and biochemical changes during late pregnancy (last three months ) and lactation period (4months).The cows were divided into two groups, the first group included 5 non-pregnant cows used as control group while the second group included 5cows were in the late pregnancy (last three months) and continues to four months of mi
production. Statistically all significant results of blood and biochemical results at (P<0.05). The results showed a significant dec

An experiment has been carried out to evaluate a diatomaceous earth on performance and egg traits of Japanese quail. The diatomaceous earth used in the current trial was food grade which produced in Germany and is listed Generally Regarded As Safe. Eighty layer Japanese quail were randomly divided into 2 treatments from 16-20 weeks of age. Each treatment consisted 4 replicates (pens) of 10 birds each. The first treatment (control) contained a standard recommended diet with no added diatomaceous earth. The second treatment was the basal diet of the first treatment plus 1.5% diatomaceous earth in the feed. Feed and water were offered ad libitum from days 1 to 140. Egg production per pen was recorded daily. Egg traits were measured at the e

This study was conducted to characterize the pathological changes caused by F. gigantica.

The pathological changes were studied in samples collected from abattoir, which included, livers, gall badders and hepatic lymph nodes.

The results indicate that the disease is endemic in Baghdad area and the areas around it. The incidence rate of this parasite increased in the beginning of winter and decreased to it's‘ lowest in April. The disease(Fascioliasis) was classified as acute and chronic.

Trials had been made for synchronization of estrus in both ewes and goats during Summer and Autumn seasons

     Antigens prepared from sonicated Salmonella typhimurium (KWCSA-ST) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (KWCSA-LBA) were used to evaluate synergistic effect on interlukine production (IL-2, IL-4) and Immunoglobulin-G (IgG) which were evaluated by using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Delayed Type Hypersensitivity-skin test at day 20 post  immunization. Twenty five rabbits of both sexes, 2-3 Kg body weight, were divided into five equal groups; the first group immunized by KWCSA-ST (1000 µg/ml) and KWCSA-LBA (1000 µg/ml), the second group by KWCSA-ST (1000 µg/ml) and KWCSA-LBA (500 µg/ml), the third group by KWCSA-ST (1000 µg/

The use of herbal plants as food additives in animal nutrition to enhance meat processing efficiency and meat quality has been reviewed. Today, the consumer demand is safety, nutritive value, taste, uniformity, meat variety, and good appearance of meat products. Thus, to meet the consumers' demand, development of product and research should be improved. Studies have been shown that the use of herbs, spices, and their extracts are of the major interventions, which were adopted in the industry of the meat for improving its quality traits. In the present paper, the most recent literature about use of bioactive compounds in herbal plants for evaluating a number of parameters related to meat quality, including fat

Aqueous extract of DI leaves was given to mice , at graded dose (100&200mg/kgB.W,P.O) to evaluat its antidiarrhoeal potential by using four experimentally induced diarrhoea treated groups each consis of five mice and one control group.Castor oil and magnesium sulphate were used to induce diarrhoea in mice,The extract at both doses showed a remarkable antidiarrhoeal activity manifested by significant delay in onset of diarrhea , decrease in number of wet stools , total number of stools and total weight of fecal output in 4 hours in both castor oil and magnesium sulphate induced diarrheal groups of mice. The results of this study reveal that The aqueous extract of Datura innoxia leaves contains pharmacologically active substance with a

In an experiment designed to study the pathogenicity of two isolates of F. gigantica, one of sheep and the other of buffalo origin, twenty-one, 3- months old goats were divided into 3 equal groups. The first received 5 metacercariae per kg body weight of the sheep strain and the second group has given the same dose of buffalo strain, while the third group was left as control.

The main pathological findings were characterized as: fibrinous. perihepatitis, haemorrhagic tracts, haematomas, focal necrosis, hydroperitoneum and in the chronic phase by fibrosis and the typical pipe-stem liver. In animals of the second group, lesions were minor and consisted only of fewer heemorrhagic foci.

 The possible explanation of the d

The current study was conducted on 152 clinically normal Awassi sheep to evaluate serum activities of alanine aminotranferase (ALT), aspartate amino-transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) in Baghdad governorate / Iraq. Sheep were divided into males; 62 ram lambs and rams, 90 females; ewe lambs, pregnant and lactating ewes both aged 7 to 48 months. The samples were collected from October 2011 until March 2012, and the sera were used for measurement of serum liver enzymes.The results revealed that the range and mean ± SEM of these enzymes were as follows : serum ALT 3.5 – 24 U/L and 9.66 ± 0.31 U/L, serum AST 25 – 220 U/L and 71.83 ± 3.09 U/L , serum ALP 59 – 300 U/L and 139.86 ± 3.56 U/

An indirect ELISA technique was used to determine the prevalence of infection in sera and milk samples among goats and sheepin Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Results of the present study shows that the prevalence of infection was higher in sera compared to milk samples among goats and sheep as follow: (6.3, 4.2%) and (8.9, 5.6%) respectively and there was no statistical significance difference in goats at P value =0.42, also there was no statistically differences at P value= 0.22. ELISA results also shows that the prevalence according to the age among goats and sheep were higher in animal aged > 2 years in both sera and milk samples were (7.5, 5.3%) and (11.3, 7%) respectively and there was no significant difference between age groups

         The aims of present study were designed to determine the relationship between fetal number single or twin and placentome measurement by real time Ultrasonography at different stage of pregnancy. Twenty mature female of shami goats were synchronized  for estrus with vaginal sponges impregnated with 60 mg of medroxey progesterone acetate (MAP) (Esponja-vet – spanin) under strict  hygienic conditions, the sponges were inserted by applicator for 14 days, following  by eCG (Folligon) intra muscularly injection each female goats (doe) received  500 IU Folligon. At the time of sponges withdrawl, estrus detection was done and each doe expressed estrus sings serviced naturally

     The aim of this study was to determine the level of antibiotics residues in the locally produced cows raw milk as well as to evaluate the effect of different commercial heat treated process on the level of antibiotics residues in milk. A total of 52 locally produced milk samples were collected from apparently healthy cows in AL-Fudhailia village, milk cans (50 Kg), bulk milk tanks (1, 5 and 10 tons) which belonged to the milk reception and collection centers and dairy plants in Baghdad were collected during beginning of December 2015 to the end of April 2016. Results revealed by using high performance liquid chromatography that there was a significant seasonal variation in the residual concentration of each detec

     This study included isolates of bacteria from 125 clinical samples in Erbil and Kirkuk Hospital including (burns, wounds, urine and sputum); 38 isolates were identified as P. aeruginosa after conducting microscopic and biochemical tests. The results of antibiotic sensitivity test showed that all isolates of P. aeruginosa  were different in resistance to Pipracillin, Erythromycin with rate of (100%) and to the Nalidixic acid (94.73%) while the lowest resistant antibiotics were to Co-trimoxazole, Ceftazidime and Ciprofloxacin, which amounted to (26.31%, 23.68 and 21.05%) respectively. For molecular diagnosis of P. aeruginosa some virulence genes the alg D and exo A

A study on the quality of milk produced in "Fadhilia Village" near Baghdad extending over a period of one year,